AIM:To observe the effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on thioltransferase (TTase) expression and activity in human lens epithelial cells.
METHODS: Human lens epithelial cells B3 ( HLE B3 ) were treated with 1. 5mg/mL AGEs - BSA as the experimental groups cultured by fetal bovine serum of volume fraction 10% dulbecco modified eagle medium ( DMEM) and bovine serum albumin ( BSA) was added at the same concentrations as the negative control. The level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) was evaluated. Cells were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4d and total RNA or protein was extracted. TTase mRNA levels were detected by qRT-RCR. TTase expression was detected by Western blot and its activity was measured.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, AGEs-BSA up-regulated the expression of ROS (P<0. 01), ROS content increased in a time-dependent manner. BSA had no effects on ROS expression. The expression of TTase increased after treatment with AGEs-BSA for 1d, peaked at 2d (nearly 5. 06-fold increase, P<0. 01), then decreased gradually. No change was observed between BSA and control group (P>0. 05). Similarly, TTase activity peaked at 3d (nearly 2. 01-fold increase, P<0. 01). Western blot test found that TTase protein expression was increased
gradually, starting from the 3d TTase expression was reflected that there was statistically significant difference compared with control group (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION:AGEs-BSA significantly increases the production of ROS in human lens epithelial cells, and it then induces the oxidative stress which may promote the expression of TTase and enhances the activity of TTase.

Benzene ; toxicity ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans

Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Quinolones ; therapeutic use ; Respiratory System Agents ; therapeutic use

Adenoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Middle Aged

Background It is very important for us to understand retinal function change in the patient with diabetic mellitus in clinic. At present,the study about diabetic mellitus associated with macular edema includes fundus fluorescense angiography ( FFA) and multifocal electroretinogram ( mfERG) etc.. However, seldom research is performed in the mfERG findings for different types of diabetic macular edema. Objective This study aimed to investigate the mfERG change in different types of diabetic macular edema compared with normal population. Methods Fifty-seven eyes with diabetic macular edema from 40 patients and 35 eyes from age-and gender-matched normal subjects were enrolled in this study. The eyes with diabetic macular edema were assigned to local macular edema group (n=16) ,diffuse macular edema group (n = 22) and cystoid macular edema ( n = 17 ) based on the manifestation of FFA. MfERG was recorded in all the individuals. The informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any the medical examination. Results In focal diabetic macular edema group,the response density of P1 wave was significantly attenuated in ring 1 , showing a statistical difference in comparison with controls (t =2. 170,P = 0.038) ,and the latencies of P1 and N1 waves showed obvious prolong in ring 4 and 5 (t = 2.519,P = 0. 017 ;t = 2. 451 ,P = 0. 020). In diffuse diabetic macular edema group,the response densities of P1 and N1 waves were declined in ring 1,3,5 and ring 1,3,4,5 respectively,and the latencies of P, in ring 3,4 were significantly delayed respectively in comparison with controls (all P < 0. 05 ). In cystoid diabetic macular edema group, the response densities of P1 and N1 waves were lowed from ring 1 through 5 respectively, and the latencies of P1 and N1 waves were significantly longer from ring 3 through 5 and ring 4 respectively with the statistically significant difference from controls (all P<0. 05). The visual function of fovea was badly damaged. Conclusion These studies indicate that the most serious damage of visual function is in foveal area in cystoid diabetic macular edema group, and is then parafoveal area of diffuse diabetic macular edema group and perifoveal area in focal diabetic macular edema group. The outcome of mfERG presents a good consistency with FFA findings in the patients with diabetic macular edema.

This article has shown the experiences to achieve more effective teaching results by integration of multiple teaching patterns,including case-based,problem-based learning,in the teaching of water-electrolyte metabolism and acid-base balance disorders.

0.05). Conclusion Air pollution might have effect on pupils' non-special immunity.

Objective:To analyze genetic diversity of Fluconazole(FLZ)-resistant and -susceptible Candida albicans(C. albicans) strains isolated from patients with Sjgren's Syndrome (SS). Methods:30 C.albicans strains were isolated from the patients with SS and identified using standard criteria. Microdilution method was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of C.albicans to FLZ. A composite genotype was generated for each strain through random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using three different primers, RSD10, RSD11 and RSD12. Results:The DNA fingerprinting profiles indicated genetic diversity amongst both the FLZ-resistant as well as -susceptible isolates, and no specific features emerged distinguishing the drug-resistant and -susceptible groups. Conclusion:These observations cast doubt on the theory of a clonal origin of FLZ-resistant C. albicans isolates. The emergence of FLZ resistance in SS patients may be associated with continuous exposure to FLZ.

Objective: To clone the full-length cDNA of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) from Aquilaria sinensis (AsHMGR1) and to analyze its expression profile in different tissues and in response to different treatments. HMGR is the first rate-limiting enzyme for sesquiterpene synthesis in the mevalonate pathway. Methods: RT-PCR and RACE were used to clone the full-length cDNA of HMGR from A. sinensis based on the conserved HMGR gene fragments. The bioinformatic analysis was performed on its nucleic acid and protein sequence. The expression profile of AsHMGR1 in different tissues and in response to different treatments was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The full-length AsHMGR1 cDNA was 2026 bp, containing a 1719 bp open reading frame which encoded a protein of 572 amino acids. Amino acid sequence homology alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that AsHMGR1 belonged to the HMGR gene family. The detection of tissue expression patterns showed that AsHMGR1 was mainly expressed in the stem, followed by roots and branches. AsHMGR1 could be stimulated by methyl jasmonate and H2O2 to varying degrees in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion: These data will provide a foundation for further investigation on AsHMGR1 functions and regulatory mechanisms in sesquiterpene synthesis in A. sinensis. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between flow rate and drug concentration and the recoveries of microdialysis probes. METHODS: Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was selected as the model drug. The in vitro recovery of TMP was studied using positive dialysis and retrodialysis methods at different flow rates and concentrations. And the in vivo recovery of TMP was studied using retrodialysis method. RESULTS: The microdialysis recoveries of TMP were inversely proportional to the perfusing rates while independent of TMP concentrations. The recoveries of positive dialysis were quite different from that of retrodialysis in vitro. While the recovery of in vitro positive dialysis was similar to that of in vivo retrodialysis. CONCLUSION: Microdialysis is a useful and reliable tool to study the pharmacokinetics of TMP and in vivo retrodialysis method can be used for TMP pharmacokinetics.