To analyze the specific mechanism of Jinxueyuan granules, the relationship between the Jinxueyuan granules increased the saliva secretion of xerostomia model SD rats and excitement of receptors were studied in this experiment. In the study, three groups of xerostomia model rats were successfully established by using M-receptor blockers-4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine (4-DAMP) and atropine, or adrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine; after the modeling, the medicine Jinxueyuan granules were gavaged. According to the clinical dose of Jinxueyuan granules and SD rats body surface area, the rats in atropine group were divided three dose groups respectively, namely low, medium and high dose of Jinxueyuan granules groups. The 4-DAMP group and phentolamine group were gavaged medium dose of Jinxueyuan granules. And the amount of salivary secretion for 150 minutes in all groups continuously were measured, and the effect of Jinxueyuan granules increased salivation and the relationship between characteristics and the receptors were observed; and submandibular gland tissue of the rats was isolated, then the effect of Jinxueyuan Granules for expression of the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in submandibular gland cells was analyzed by the Western blot technology. It was found that the saliva secretion of Jinxueyuan Granules groups was increased significantly, and compared with the saline control group, phentolamine group, 4-DAMP group and atropine group, difference was significant, P < 0.05. There was no significant difference between the low-dose of Jinxueyuan granules group and the saline group, but the medium dose of Jinxueyuan granules group had a significant difference, compared with the saline group (P < 0.05). In the time distribution of increasing saliva secretion, there was a significant difference between the saline and Jinxueyuan granules group in the saliva secretion (P < 0.05). After administration of Jinxueyuan granules, the expression of AQP5 protein in the submandibular gland cells expressing of treatment groups was increased, and compared with the blocker groups, there was a significant difference, P < 0.05. Except the atropine group, there was no significant difference in Jinxueyuan granules relieving the inhibition induced by blocks in phentolamine group and 4-DAMP group, compared with the saline group. Compared the AQP5 expression in three blockers groups, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of Jinxueyuan granules between phentolamine group and 4-DAMP group; but there was a significant difference between the atropine group and other groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, it was considered that the mechanism of Jinxueyuan granules increasing saliva secretion (effectiveness of nourishing Yin and generating body fluid ) possibly through the pathway mediated by muscarinic M receptor, especially M3 receptor, or adrenergic receptor, and increased expression of salivary gland AQP5 membrane, and then stimulate saliva production.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Saliva ; secretion ; Salivary Glands ; drug effects ; secretion ; Xerostomia ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Objective To observe the expression of insulin receptor mRNA in skeletal muscle and the change of oxidative stress in diabetic rats at different intensity training.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into group A(control group),group B(non-exercise group),group C(low-intensity exercise group),group D(moderate-intensity exercise group) and group E(high-intensity exercise group),6 rats in each group.A diabetic rat model was induced by injecting streptozotocin(STZ)for 4 weeks after high lipid and glucose breeding.Rats were trained for 6 weeks on a treadmill.Serum glucose and insulin,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),activities of SOD and GSH-Px,and MDA were detected before and after training.Expression levels of InsR mRNA in skeletal muscle were measured by RT-PCR.Results The InsR receptor mRNA expression level in three exercise groups at different intensities was 0.55?0.05,0.53?0.04,and 0.41?0.05,respectively,and was significantly higher in low and moderate intensity exercise groups than in group B (P

Objective To explore the risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage caused by late vitamin K deficiency bleeding(VKDB),in order to prevent and reduce the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage caused by late VKDB.Methods A retrospective analysis of the risk factors of late VKDB and intracranial hemorrhage was applied to 2 groups of patients in PICU and department of neurology of Beijing children's Hospital from Jan.2002 to Dec.2007.In group Ⅰ,there were 90 patients suffering from intracranial hemorrhage caused by late VKDB;while in group Ⅱ,there were 23 patients of late VKDB without intracranial hemorrhage.Within 12 hours of hospitalization,the following 9 items were checked:the cranial CT,blood calcium concentration,liver function,serum sodium,blood glucose,prothrombin time,partial thromboplastin time,fibrinogen concentration,and platelet.Ten possible relevant risk factors of gender,age,birth situation,feeding patterns,recent diarrhea,cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection,hypocalcemia,dysglycemia,hyponatremia,and abnormal liver function were analyzed by the method of non-conditional Logistic regression analysis.Results Statistically significant difference had been found in the 3 factors of hypocalcaemia,recent diarrhea,abnormal liver function(Pa

Up to now, a variety of microRNAs have been found in a number of studies, that specifically expressed in retinal neuroepithelial, lens, cornea and retinal pigment epithelium, in which miR-126 plays a certain role in the proliferation of tumor cells, the development of thymus lymphocytes and cardiovascular diseases.Some researches show that miR-126 has certain correlations with the formation of corneal neovascularization, the development of diabetic retinopathy, and the immune system related eye disease.In this paper, the current miR-126 in the role of eye disease mechanism and research progress were reviewed.

Adult ; Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Hyperthermia is a means of adjuvant therapy, which have a sensitizing effect to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, the molecular biology, cell and animal experimental research of tumor thermochemotherapy progressed very quickly, which provide theoretical foundation and guidance for us to further develop hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy in clinical trials. In this paper, the studies with the mechanism of thermo-chemotherapy treatment of tumor, different ways of thermochemotherapy and commonly used drugs in thermochemotherapy are reviewed.

OBJECTIVEDiscusses the distributive characters of the Creatine Kinase MM (CKMM) gene A/G Polymorphism in XinjiangUyghur, One hundred and fourtheen athletes and 441 general population of Uyghur were involved in the study.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used.

RESULTS(1) The CKMM gene A/G frequency in Uyghur general population was(AA, AG and GG) 0.497, 0.392 and 0.111, the result test by Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium and x² = 2.72, P = 0.1, df = 2, indicated that the control group had representative. (2) AA, AG and GG genotype frequency of power-oriented athlete respectively was 0.442,0.302 and 0.256, frequency of GG genotype and G allele was higher than the control group, there were significant differences compared to thecontrol( P < 0.05, df = 2); (3) A/G genotype frequency of Endurance-oriented athletere spectively was 0.571, 0.400 and 0.029, there were nosignificant differences compared to the controls ( P > 0. 05, df = 2). (4) A/G genotype frequency of Uyghur soccer athletes respectively was0.472, 0.361 and 0.167, G allele was higher than the Endurance-oriented athlete and lower than the power-oriented athletes. and no significant differences compared to the controls( P > 0.05, df = 2).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the CKMM gene GG genotype and G alleleare represented in power-oriented athletes, but don't find A/G polymorphism correlation with endurance and the football sport performance.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; China ; Creatine Kinase, MM Form ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Physical Endurance ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Toad venom is the Bufo bufo gargarizans or B. melanostictus after the ears of the gland secretion, used in the treatment of various cancers in recent years. Research shows that the main anti-tumor components in bufadienolide. Bufadienolide have free type structure and conjunct type structure. To identify and clarify the difference between bufogenin and bufotoxin contained in Bufonis Venenum, which was from B. bufo gargarizans, an UPLC-TQ-MS method has been established. UPLC-TQ-MS method was used to identify and quantify the major bufadienolides in Bufonis Venenum. UPLC-TQ-MS assay with positive ion mode was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C, (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) with the mobile phase consisting of 0. 1% aqueous formic and acidacetonitrile in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL · min⁻¹ and the column temperature was set at 35 °C. By comparing their retention time and high resolution mass data of Bufonis Venenum extracts, 37 effective components were primarily identified by MS/MS analysis in positive ion mode. Twenty-six of them were free-type bufadienolides (bufogenin), 11 of them were conjugated bufadienolides. There were significant differences in the main composition between fresh and processed Bufonis Venenum. The study found that the chemical composition of toad venom through great changes after processing, conjunct type content is much less, free type content as well change.
Amphibian Venoms ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bufonidae ; classification ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Molecular Structure ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), a representative formula of qi benefiting blood activating method on aorta Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase (Rhokinase, ROCK) and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 mRNA expressions and levels of blood lipids in atherosclerosis (AS) model rats.

METHODSThe AS rat model was prepared by vitamin D3 and high fat diet. Totally 60 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the low dose BYHWD group (10 g/kg), the high dose BYHWD group (20 g/kg), the Simvastatin control group (0.6 mg/kg), and the BYHWD prevention group (10 g/kg), 10 in each group. After successful modeling all medication was intervened for 28 days. Expression levels oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were detected by ELISA. Levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C were determined by enzyme method. Pathological changes of aortic tissue were observed under light microscope. mRNA expressions of Rho kinase and NF-κB p65 in aorta were detected by real time (RT) PCR.

RESULTSHigh fat diet and peritoneal injection of vitamin D3 could induce AS rat model. Typical atheromatous plaque formed in aorta of AS model rats. Compared with the normal control group, levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and ox-LDL significantly increased in the model group, but the HDL-C level decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and ox-LDL all decreased, but HDL-C increased in low and high dose BYHWD groups, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose BYHWD group, above-mentioned indices were more obviously lowered in the high dose BYHWD group, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, mRNA expression levels of Rho kinase and NF-κB p65 significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of Rho kinase and NF-κB p65 obviously decreased in low and high dose BYHWD groups, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose BYHWD group, the two indicators were more obviously lowered in the high dose BYHWD group, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P < 0.05). But there was no statistical difference in blood lipids levels, mRNA expression levels of Rho kinase or NF-κB p65 among the high dose BYHWD group, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P >0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSBYHWD could down-regulate mRNA expression levels of Rho kinase and NF-κB p65, lower levels of blood lipids, and fight against AS. Suppressing Rho kinase pathway might be one of its mechanisms.

Animals ; Aorta ; Atherosclerosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Lipids ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Simvastatin ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; rho-Associated Kinases ; metabolism