Objectives To analyze the main pathogen of otitis media and antibiotics resistance of clinical bacterial isolates in pediatric patients. Methods Secretion specimens from 164 cases of otitis media were cultured. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. Results were analyzed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard In-stitute (2012). WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyse the data. Results Pathogens were cultivated in 121 ear secretion specimens from 164 cases of otitis media and the positive rate was 73.8%. There were 9 cases of mixed bacterial infection, accounting for 5.5%. 130 strains of pathogens were isolated from middle ear secretion and the main pathogens were bacteria (83.1%) and fungus (16.9%). Among bacteria, 50 (46.3%) were Streptococcus pneumoniae and 21 (19.4%) Staphylococcus aureus. Among fungus, 17 (77.3%) were Candida spp and 5 (22.7%) Aspergillus spp. By age, the rates of infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in infancy and early childhood were markedly higher than those in preschool and school-age, respectively (P<0.05). The no-susceptibility rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was 76.0%. The prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 14.3%. Conclusions Proper treatment depends on the secretion culture and drug sensitive test due to various pathogens of otitis media.

Objective To investigate the changing patterns of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and its resistance from a paediatric clinic in Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences.Methods SA isolated from hospitalized patients in Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences from Jan.2003 to Dec.2012 were analyzed.Antimierobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method and Phoenix 100 microbiological system.Results were analyzed according to the 2012 guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the data.Results The clinical isolates of SA from inpatient were 2 843.The positive rates of SA were 10.0％,8.7％,9.0％,11.6％,12.7％,11.7％,10.5％,10.8％,11.9％ and 11.7％ form 2003 to 2012,respectively.The positive rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from inpatients was 10.9％.The positive rates of MRSA were 3.1％,5.4％,6.4％,4.1％,6.0％,10.6％,11.2％,12.7％,14.1％ aid 20.1％ form 2003 to 2012,respectively.The resistant rate of Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aueus and MRSA to Penicillin were 91.4％ and 100.0％,Oxacillin were 0 and 100.0％,Cefuroxime were 0.5％ and 87.7％,Ceftriaxone were 0.1％ and 90.3％,Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were 0.9％ and 86.7％,Erythromycin were 72.4％ and 92.2％,Clindamycin were 50.6％ and 80.3％,Ciprofloxacin were 2.2％ and 30.1％,Trimethoprim-sulfamthhoxazol were 12.2％ and 13.9％.Vancomycin-intermediate and Vancormycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were not found.Conclusions The prevalence of MRSA is increasing in paediatric inpatients.And MRSA isolates exhibit multidrug resistance.The sequential surveillance about SA is very important for guiding rational antimicrobial therapy and effective control of infections in paediatric patients.

Aim To study gyrA and parC mutations of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Methods MIC values of 55 clinical P.aeruginosa isolates were determined by agar dilution test and 1 sensitive strain and 8 resistant strains were selected with standard sensitive strain ATCC27853 as control, the quinolone determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA and parC genes were amplified by PCR, the lengths of PCR products were 351 bp and 397 bp. The gyrA PCR products(351 bp) were digested with enzyme sacⅡ. The gyrA and parC gene were sequenced. Results In this study, gyrA genes of all resistant strains had an ACC to ATC mutation in codon 83, leading to the amino acid substitution of an isoleucine for a threonine, and three high level resistant strains also showed a GAC to GGC mutation in codon 87, leading to the substitution of a glycine for an aspartic acid. In addition, four resistant strains also had an TCG to TTG mutation in codon 87 of parC gene, leading to the amino acid substitution of a serine for a leucine. The strains with both gyrA and parC mutations were two to sixteen times more resistant than the strains which had only gyrA mutations. At the same time, a silent mutation (CAC to CAT) in codon 132 of gyrA gene and a silent mutation(GCT to GCG) in codon 115 of parC gene occured, which did not lead to amino acid change. Conclusion The mutations of 83 and 87 codons of gyrA and the mutatations of 87 codon of parC gene were related to fluroquinolone resistance, and the mutations of the 83 codon of gyrA gene were more important.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between coexpression of EGFR and ERK2 on the level of protein and mRNA and activation of ERK2 in lung squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). METHODS: Twenty cases of lung squamous cell carcinomas and their paired normal lung tissues were studied. The expression of mRNA and protein of EGFR and ERK2 was measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The activity of ERK2 was detected by immunoprecipitation and kinase reaction. RESULTS: The results showed that the expression of EGFR mRNA and protein in paired normal lung tissues was hardly detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, but in 20 cases of lung SCCs their expression was upregulated significantly. Compared with normal lung tissues, the expression of ERK2 mRNA and protein in lung cancer tissues was also upregulated significantly, the latter increased about 3-5-fold, and the activity of ERK2 in lung SCCs was also markedly activated. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight that the overexpression of ERK2 and EGFR protein occurs simultaneously in lung SCCs, which mainly results from the increasing level of gene transcription, the increased activity of ERK2 in lung cancer tissues perhaps attributes to the upregulation of coexpression of EGFR and ERK2. [

Atherosclerosis ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Biomarkers ; Humans ; Proteomics

Objective To explore current status of health-related productivity loss and its risk factors among nurses.Methods Stanford presenteeism scale (SPS-6) and self-designed questionnaire were used to investigate current status of health-related productivity loss and its risk factors among 1122 nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Changchun city.Results Compared with hired nurses,age and work seniority of permanent nurses were significantly higher(Z =-19.49,-19.28 ;P ＜0.05).The average score of SPS-6 of all the participants was 20.05 ± 4.37.The score of SPS-6 of married nurses was significantly lower than other nurses (Z =-3.52,P ＜ 0.05) ; and the score of SPS-6 of nurses less than 30 years old was significantly higher than those above 30 years old (Z =-2.49,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the SPS-6 score of education degree and department.(Z =-1.37,x2 =0.58 ; P ＞0.05).The result of GLM showed that employment status and work seniority were independent risk factors of health-related productivity loss among nurses.The scores of SPS-6 of permanent nurses was significantly lower than hired nursed (x2 =4.48,P ＜ 0.05),and those who had worked for less than 3 years showed significantly higher score of SPS-6 than those who had worked longer (x2 =12.89,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Health-related productivity loss do exist among nurses.Improving health management may help to reduce this loss of productivity.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence can be divided into stress, urgent and mixed types, they can not be easily distinguished only basing on clinical experience, which often result in misdiagnose or improper treatment OBJECTIVE: To discuss the value of urodynamical inspection, especially stress leak point pressure (SLPP) determination in the diagnose of female stress urinary incontinence.DESIGN: Retrospective paralleled comparison observation.SETTING: Center of General Urology Department, Southern Hospital,Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 female patients who received medical treatment in the uropoiesis surgical department of the Southwest hospital due to urinary incontinence between January 1996 and May 2002 were enrolled in this experiment.gle was determined and considered as normal if it was ＜100° and abnormal if ＞ 100°. Urethral tilt angle is judged as normal if ＜ 45° and abnormal if ＞45°; Urethrovesical junction (when static state) was judged as normal if not tion: including fulling urinary bladder pressure measurement, static urethral Cystourethrography classification standard: type Ⅰ refers to posterior urethrovesical angle vanished with urethral tilt angle＜45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure＞20 cmH2O; type Ⅱ: refers to posterior urethrovesical angle vanished with urethral tilt angle＞45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure＜20 cmH2O; type Ⅲ refers to normal posterior urethrovesical angle with urethral tilt angle＜45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure ＞20 cmH2O. SLPP classification standard: typeⅠ: SLPP ＞120 cmH2O; type Ⅱ: SLPP of 90- 120 cmH2O; type Ⅲ: SLPP ＜ 60 cmH2O;type Ⅱ/Ⅲ: SLPP of 60 - 90 cmH2O.compared with that of cystourethrographic classification.RESETS: Totally120 patients all remained in the final result analysis.stress urinary incontinence, 64 cases as symptomatic stress urinary incontinence including 28 cases of unstable bladder and 36 cases of low compliclassification: of the 56 genuine stress urinary incontinence, 20 cases were diagnosed as type Ⅰ; 16 cases as type Ⅱ and 10 cases as type Ⅱ/Ⅲ; 10cases as type Ⅲ. Two classification was proved of 100% consistency in type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and 94.1% and 90.1% in type Ⅱ and type Ⅱ/Ⅲ respectively, difference was not remarkable (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: SLPP determination can be used to make accurate classification of female genuine stress urinary incontinence, possessing important instructive significance for the treatment.

Objective: To observe the effects of interferon-induced protein 204 (p204) over-expression on apoptosis, proliferation and migration of aortic vascular adventitial ifbroblast (VAFs) in experimental rats.
Methods: Our research included in 3 groups: Iif204-Lv group, in whichVAFs were infected by Iif204-recombined lentivirus, Con-Lv group, in which VAFs carried the empty vector without virus, Blank control group, in which VAFs were untreated. VAFs proliferation was examined by MTT method, cell apoptosis was measured by lfow cytometry and the migration was detected by scratching assay and transwell chamber method. The mRNA and protein expressions of p204, p53 and p21were evaluated by real-time q RT-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively.
Results: Compared with Con-Lv and Blank control groups, Iif204-Lv group had decreased VAFs proliferation (by OD value) at 48 hours: (0.53 ± 0.05) vs (0.66±0.03) and (0.63 ± 0.06), at 72 hours: (0.89 ± 0.06) vs (1.02 ± 0.06) and (1.01 ± 0.07); distance of cell migration (by pixel): (61.00 ± 1.83) vs (74.50 ± 6.25) and (75.50 ± 7.85); number of cell migration: (61.75 ± 10.69) vs (155.25 ± 10.21) and (153.75 ± 9.40), allP<0.05. VAFs apoptosis rates were similar among different groups. Compared with Con-Lv and Blank control groups, Ifi204-Lv group presented up-regulated mRNA expressions of p204 (3.45 ± 0.15) vs (2.09 ± 0.10) and (2.06 ± 0.09); p53 (3.41 ± 0.09) vs (2.06 ± 0.07) and (2.10 ± 0.06); p21 (3.01 ± 0.08) vs (2.05 ± 0.06) and (2.11 ± 0.08), allP<0.05.
Conclusion: p204 over-expression inhibits VAFs proliferation and migration which might be partly related to the activation of p53 and p21 expression in experimental rats.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between prolactin (PRL) cleavage and the occurrence of hypertension, heart failure (HF) in post-menopausal female patients.
Methods: A total of 216 post-menopausal female subjects were enrolled in our study and they were divided into 3 groups: Hypertension group,n=80 patients with essential hypertension, Hypertension + HF group,n=76 and Control group,n=60 post-menopausal women form regular physical examination. The full length (23 kD PRL), 16 kD PRL fragment, lipid peroxide (LPO), total antioxidant status (TAS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), NT-proBNP, creatinine, uric acid, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and BMI were examined and compared among different groups.
Results:①There were no real differences in age, creatinine, uric acid, FBG and BMI among groups,P>0.05.②Compared with Control group, Hypertension group had increased LPO and decreased TAS; compared with Control group and Hypertension group, Hypertension + HF group had increased LPO and decreased TAS.③Compared with Control group, Hypertension + HF group showed lower level of 23KD PRL, higher level of 16KD PRL and the higher ratio of 16KD PRL/23KD PRL,P<0.05-0.01.④Pearson correlation analysis indicated that LPO was negatively related to 23KD PRL (r=-0.784,P<0.01), positively related to 16KD PRL (r=0.807, P<0.01); TAS was positively related to 23KD PRL (r=0.768, P<0.01), negatively related to 16KD PRL (r=-0.777P<0.01); 23KD PRL was positively related to LVEF (r=0.852, P<0.01), negatively related to NT-proBNP (r=-0.832P<0.01); 16KD PRL was negatively related to LVEF (r=-0.850,P<0.01), positively related to NT-proBNP (r=0.814,P<0.01).
Conclusion: PRL cleavage was highly related to the occurrence of hypertension and HF in post-menopausal female patients.

Objective To regard the implication of viruses particularly herpes in pemphigus vulgaris,and assess and compare the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2),cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with pemphigus vulgarisand healthy people.Methods In this study,23 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 26 healthy individuals comprised the experimental and control groups,respectively.Serum samples were taken from both groups;the levels of IgG antibodies against HSV1,HSV2,CMV and EBV were measured using ELISA.Results Immunoglobulin G titer was higher for all four viruses in the patient group in comparison to the control group.This difference was significant for anti-EBV,anti-CMV and anti-HSV2 (t=2.16,P＜0.05;t =4.76,P＜ 0.01;t=3.75,P＜0.01),respectively,but not significant for anti-HSV1 (t=0.52,P＞0.05).Conclusion Viruses including EBV,CMV,and HSV2 probably play a role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus in addition to the effects of genetics,toxins and other predisposing factors.In this study,no statistically significant relationship was observed between HSV1 and pemphigus vulgaris.More studies must be done in this regard.