Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)is one of the most frustrating diseases because it exhibits the worst features of both aggressive non-Hodgkin Lymphoma(NHL)and indolent NHL.It develops rapidly like the former,and it is incurable and lacks of better therapeutic options like the latter.Clinical researchs confirm the activity of rituximab as a single agent and combination regimens(R-Chemo)in the treatment of MCL. Bortezomab is also active in treating patients with MCL and requires further study in combination regiments. The usages of mTOR inhibitor and radioimmunotherapy represents a novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of MCL.It is also deserved to study.

Objective To analyse the cause of misdiagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis and discuss feasibility for diagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis by laparoscopy. Methods 12 patients misdiagnosed as tuberculosis peritonitis were retrospectively analysed. Results Tuberculosis peritonitis wrongly diagnosed because of atypical clinical behaviors in spite of specific laboratory examination. However, laparoscopy could diagnose tuberculosis peritonitis exactly and quickly. Conclusion Laparoscopy is an effective method of diagnosis for tuberculosis peritonitis.

Objective: Hederacolchiside A1, exhibits cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against various cancer cells in vitro, however, the mechanism is not well understood. Methods: In this study, Hederacolchiside A1 from Pulsatilla chinensis was isolated and tested its anticancer activity and mechanism. Hederacolchiside A1 could inhibit proliferation of A549, SMMC-7721, BEL-7402, and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Investigations of apoptosis of treated cancer cells were identified in hederacolchiside A1 by flow cytometric analysis of annexin V expression. Results: Based on the results of western blotting and JC-1 staining, hederacolchiside A1 reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2 protein levels, whereas cleaved caspase-3 was higher. Furthermore, hederacolchiside A1 effectively inhibited the phosphorylations of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In vivo study showed that hederacolchiside A1 (3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 mg/kg, ip) could significantly inhibit the weight of tumor in an H22 xenograft model. Similar inhibitory activities were observed when the compound (3.25, 7.5, and 15.0 mg/kg, ig) was tested in nude mice xenograft tumor models using human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: These data indicated that hederacolchiside A1 suppressed the proliferation of human tumor cells by inducing apoptosis through modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for studying efficacious materials of traditional Chinese medicines from an overall perspective.

METHODCarthamus tinctorius was taken the example. Its major components were depleted by preparing liquid chromatography. Afterwards, the samples with major components depleted were evaluated for their antioxidant effect, so as to compare and analyze the major efficacious materials of C. tinctorius with antioxidant activity and the contributions.

RESULTSeven major components were depleted from C. tinctorius samples, and six of them were identified with MS data and control comparison. After all of the samples including depleted materials are compared and evaluated for their antioxidant effect, the findings showed that hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B and 6-hydroxykaempferol-3, 6-di-O-glucoside-7-O-glucuronide were the major efficacious materials.

CONCLUSIONThis study explored a novel and effective method for studying efficacious materials of traditional Chinese medicines. Through this method, we could explain the direct and indirect contributions of different components to the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines, and make the efficacious material expression of traditional Chinese medicines clearer.

Alkalies ; chemistry ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry

Objective: To investigate the antihypertensive time-effect and dose-effect features of Sancao jiangya decoction(SCD).Methods: The blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats at different time points were measured after treatment with Sancao jiangya decoction of low,middle,high concentration by tailartery blood pressure measurement for conscious rats.Results: The blood pressure was decreased at 2 hours after drug taken,there were significant dose-effect relationship between the antihypertensive effect and the low,middle,high dose.At 4h after drug taken,the high,middle dose had dose-effect correlation,but the low-dose had no antihypertensive effect.Further research on the middledose shows that the blood pressure reduced at 1h after drug taken,and the stable antihypertensive effect was keeping during 1-4h,the blood pressure began to rise at 6h,and got back to the level before drug taken at 8h.Conclusion: To choose the Middle-dose(10.4g crude drug/kg body weight) and 2h after drug taken is appropriate for SCD's use.This result laid a substantial foundation for further research on effects evaluation and mechanism of antihypertensive medicine.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder that is characterized by a progressive fibrosis in the oral submucosa. Arecoline, an alkaloid compound of the areca nut, is reported to be a major aetiological factor in the development of OSF. Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) has been reported to be beneficial in fibrosis prevention in different damaged organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of LPLI on arecoline-induced fibrosis. Arecoline-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were treated with or without LPLI. The expression levels of the fibrotic marker genes alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) were analysed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots. In addition, the transcriptional activity of CCN2 was further determined by a reporter assay. The results indicated that arecoline increased the messenger RNA and protein expression of CCN2 and α-SMA in HGF. Interestingly, both LPLI and forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, reduced the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes and inhibited the transcriptional activity of CCN2. Moreover, pretreatment with SQ22536, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, blocked LPLI's inhibition of the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes. Our data suggest that LPLI may inhibit the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes via the cAMP signalling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Down syndrome cellular adhesion molecule (DSCAM) on differentiation of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neurons in vitro.

METHODSMSCs from Sprague-Dawley rats were induced into neurons by baicalin. The expression of DSCAM before and after induction was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining and Western blot assay. After knockdown of DSCAM by siRNA transfection, the differentiation rate of neurons derived from MSCs was measured.

RESULTSBefore induction, the expression of DSCAM was not detectable in MSCs. After bFGF preinduction for 24 hrs, DSCAM was slightly expressed in MSCs (1.71+/- 0.67%). The DSCAM expression increased 6 hrs after baicalin induction (15.79+/- 4.24%), reached a peak at 3 days (53.16+/- 5.94%) and then decreased gradually. The DSCAM expression 6 days after baicalin induction (28.99+/- 6.72%) was significantly lower than that at 3 days (P<0.01). However, after DSCAM-siRNA transfection, the DSCAM expression in MSCs was significantly reduced. MSCs did not express neuron-specific beta-III-tubulin before induction. After baicalin induction for 6 hrs, 3 days and 6 days, the expression of beta-III-tubulin was 1.40+/- 0.79%, 41.59+/- 3.17% and 59.11+/- 4.76% respectively. But the beta-III-tubulin expression significantly decreased 3 and 6 days after DSCAM-siRNA transfection (28.57+/- 2.91% and 43.90+/- 12.31% respectively).

CONCLUSIONSDSCAM may play an important role in MSCs differentiation into neural cells.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo track the location of the transfused apoptotic allogeneic lymphocytes and asses the process of their accumulation and phagocytosis removal as consequences on allograft tolerance in recipient mice.

METHODSDonor spleen lymphocytes were labeled by CFSE and induced to apoptosis by dexamethasone incubation. After purification by anti-annexin V-conjugated magnetic beads isolation, apoptotic lymphocytes were transfused into recipient mice through the tail veins. Tissue samples from various organs were taken at various time points to analyze the fates of the apoptotic allogeneic lymphocytes and the phagocytosis of them by organ resident APCs.

RESULTSUsing fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry, after the apoptotic cells were recognized and uptaken, the largest amount of labeled cells were accumulated in the livers and disappeared within not more than 12 hours. Recipient liver APCs were highly efficacious in phagocytosis of apoptotic allogeneic lymphocytes; the removal was completed within 15 minutes after incubation. LSEC, KC and LDC all phagocytosized the apoptotic allogeneic lymphocytes but with significantly different rates. Considering the numbers of those cells in a normal liver, it could be calculated that LSEC and KC had greater effects in this activity.

CONCLUSIONSThe liver deserves foremost attention for study of the mechanism of allografts tolerance induced by pre-transfusion of apoptotic donor spleen lymphocytes. LSEC and KC are the main functional APCs to the alloantigens.

Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Liver ; cytology ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phagocytosis ; physiology ; Spleen ; cytology ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo establish an assay method for detecting the migration of transferred apoptotic cells into the recipient using flow cytometry.

METHODSSpleen lymphocytes were isolated and labeled with an intracellular amine dye, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), to allow discrimination. The labeled cells were induced with dexamethasone to undergo apoptosis and transferred into recipient mice via tail venous transfusion. Flow cytometry and histological examination of different tissues were performed at different time points. The stability of CFSE labeling for apoptotic cells was also tested.

RESULTSThe CFSE-labeled apoptotic cells were highly fluorescent with a positive labeling rate of (98.0+/-1.9)%. The stability of CFSE-labeling was testified, and the CFSE-labeled apoptotic cells entering different tissues at different time points were detected by flow cytometry and verified by histological examination.

CONCLUSIONFlow cytometry using CFSE labeling is reliable, sensitive, precise and convenient for apoptotic cell tracing in vivo and in vitro.

Adoptive Transfer ; methods ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Fluoresceins ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Lymphocytes ; chemistry ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spleen ; cytology ; Succinimides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVE: To establish a simple, sensitive in vitro method to evaluate oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury of brain hippocampal slices in rats. METHODS: Rat hippocampal slices were incubated in 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution after oxygen/glucose deprivation. They were then soaked in a measured volume of ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide (50:50) to extract the TTC formazan Product which was then measured by spectrophotometry. OGD induced LDH release was simultaneously measured. RESULTS: Progressive prolongation of OGD induced hippocampal injury resulted in decreased formazan coloration as determined by spectrophotometry. There was a parallel increase in LDH release, thus a negative correlation in these two products was noted. (r=-0.933,P <0.01). The injury was attenuated in the brain slices pre-treated with nimodipine, dexamethasone, and ketamine, but not ONO-1078. CONCLUSION: Solvent extraction and spectrophotometric quantification of formazan represents an objective measurement of OGD-induced injury of rat hippocampal slices.