This study taking gestodene (GEST) as a model, investigated the factors affecting reservoir-type intravaginal ring (IVR)'s drug release. This paper reported a gestodene intravaginal ring of reservoir design, comprising a gestodene silicone elastomer core encased in a non-medicated silicone sheath, separately manufactured by reaction injection moulding at 80 degrees C and heating vulcanization at 130 degrees C is reported. The test investigated the factors affecting drug release through a single variable method, taking the drug release rates of 21 days as standards. When changing the thickness of the controlling sheath outside, the ratio of the first day of drug release and mean daily release (MDR), named the relatively burst effect, is closing to 1 with the thickness of controlling sheath increasing, while the 1.25 mm sheath corresponding to 1.04 controlled the burst release effectively; a positive correlation (r = 0.992 2) existed between the average drug release (Q/t) and drug loading (A) within a certain range. The C6-165 controlling sheath with high solubility of GEST is easier to achieve controlled release of the drug; GEST crystalline power is more effective to implement controlled release of drugs among difficent states of the drug. A 1/4 fractional segment core gives a relatively burst effect of 1.76, while the 1/1 and 1/2 are 1.93 and 1.87 separately, at the same drug loading, concluding that use of a fractional segment core would allow development of a suitable GEST reservoir IVR. In summary, GEST reservoir-type IVR could be adjusted by the thickness of controlling sheath, the loading of drug, the material properties of controlling sheath, the dispersion state of drug, the additive composition and structure of intravaginal ring, to control the drug release behavior and achieve the desired drug release rate.
Administration, Intravaginal ; Contraceptive Agents, Female ; administration & dosage ; Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Norpregnenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Silicone Elastomers ; chemistry ; Solubility

Humans ; Telomere ; metabolism ; Telomere-Binding Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the application of Bayes probability model in differentiating yin and yang jaundice syndromes in neonates.

METHODSTotally 107 jaundice neonates who admitted to hospital within 10 days after birth were assigned to two groups according to syndrome differentiation, 68 in the yang jaundice syndrome group and 39 in the yin jaundice syndrome group. Data collected for neonates were factors related to jaundice before, during and after birth. Blood routines, liver and renal functions, and myocardial enzymes were tested on the admission day or the next day. Logistic regression model and Bayes discriminating analysis were used to screen factors important for yin and yang jaundice syndrome differentiation. Finally, Bayes probability model for yin and yang jaundice syndromes was established and assessed.

RESULTSFactors important for yin and yang jaundice syndrome differentiation screened by Logistic regression model and Bayes discriminating analysis included mothers' age, mother with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational age, asphyxia, or ABO hemolytic diseases, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), serum direct bilirubin (DBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (CHE). Bayes discriminating analysis was performed by SPSS to obtain Bayes discriminant function coefficient. Bayes discriminant function was established according to discriminant function coefficients. Yang jaundice syndrome: y1= -21. 701 +2. 589 x mother's age + 1. 037 x GDM-17. 175 x asphyxia + 13. 876 x gestational age + 6. 303 x ABO hemolytic disease + 2.116 x RDW-SD + 0. 831 x DBIL + 0. 012 x ALP + 1. 697 x LCR + 0. 001 x CHE; Yin jaundice syndrome: y2= -33. 511 + 2.991 x mother's age + 3.960 x GDM-12. 877 x asphyxia + 11. 848 x gestational age + 1. 820 x ABO hemolytic disease +2. 231 x RDW-SD +0. 999 x DBIL +0. 023 x ALP +1. 916 x LCR +0. 002 x CHE. Bayes discriminant function was hypothesis tested and got Wilks' λ =0. 393 (P =0. 000). So Bayes discriminant function was proved to be with statistical difference. To check Bayes probability model in discriminating yin and yang jaundice syndromes, coincidence rates for yin and yang jaundice syndromes were both 90% plus.

CONCLUSIONYin and yang jaundice syndromes in neonates could be accurately judged by Bayesian discriminating functions.

Bayes Theorem ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; diagnosis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Statistical ; Probability ; Syndrome

Objective Previous studies indicated that activation of Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) was involved in the progression and instability of atherosclerotic plaque.Anti-inflammatory effects were shown in statins. However,the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been well explored.We test the hypothesis that a por- tion of these anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by regulation of TLR4 expression.Methods One hundred twenty-one subjects (22 normal persons,17 patients with stable angina and 82 patients with ACS) were recruited. 41 patients with ACS were randomized to atorvastatin 10 mg/d or atorvastatin 40 mg/d on top of routine anti-anginal treatment.Serum level of hsCRP,blood lipids,TLR4 expression on CD_(14)~+ monocytes were measuered before and after one month treatment.TLR4 expression on CD_(14)~+ monocytes were quantified via flow-cytometry.Results hsCRP and TLR4 expression on CD_(14)~+ monocytes in patients with ACS were higher than patients with stable angina and normal persons(hsCRP,ACS:11.1?14.3 vs stable angina:2.5?2.7 mg/L vs normal:2.3?4.2 mg/L,P

OBJECTIVETo explore the genetic basis of using three species of Asarum as Herba Asari to determine the taxonomic positions of Asarum heterotropoides and A. siebodii; and to apply DNA molecular analysis as a tool for identification of Herba Asari.

METHODPCR, purification, sequence analysis were prerformed.

RESULTMS sequences of the three Asarum species were obtained. 3 botanical sources of Herba Asari are closely clustered together on the topology tree; one inner branch is composed of A. heterotropoides and A. sieboldii, whereas another branch contains A. sieboldii. Their ITS sequences are different.

CONCLUSIONThree plant species of Herba Asari are closely related, and there are genetic reasons that they are used as the sources of the same medicine. The classification placement of A. sieboldii is not certain. The differences of ITS sequences of the botanical sources of Herba Asari can be used as a means of identification.

Asarum ; classification ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Species Specificity

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology

Objective To analysis the inherent quality of highly cited papers published in Chinese Journal of Endemiology, so as to identify the direction of invitation for contributions, find high quality articles, and to improve the journal's core competitiveness. Methods Scientific papers published in Chinese Journal of Endemiology from 2000 to 2006, with citation rate equal to or higher than 20 times were retrieved in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) by December 27, 2010. These articles were statistically analyzed according to publication year, section type, author, and geographical distribution of units. Results A total of 68 highly cited papers were obtained. The citation frequency of the highly cited papers ranged from 20 to 94, with an average of 31.09 times. The highly cited papers were published in 2000 at most, accounting for 25.0%(17/68); followed by 2001,accounting for 20.6% (14/68); at least in 2006, accounting for 2.9% (2/68). Of the highly cited papers, experimental study articles was in the highest proportion of 30.9%(21/68); followed by field epidemiological investigation articles,accounting for 23.5%(16/68); editorial, review articles accounting for 10.3%(7/68) and 8.8%(6/68), respectively;short reports, case reports, meeting records etc were not highly cited papers. The number of highly cited papers in editorial, expert forums, academic contend accounted for higher proportion of total number in corresponding section types(7/19, 3/11, 3/7). Highly cited papers came from 13 provinces(municipalities), there were 10 authors contributed two or more highly cited papers, and 8 units contributed two or more highly cited papers. Conclusions Adequate space should be given to experimental research, field epidemiological investigation, editorial, expert forums andacademic contend articles due to their high rate of citation. More attention should be paid to further consolidate and expand excellent authors group, and to intensify the invitation for key issues from influential experts.

Objective To observe the effect of dapagliflozin on Klotho protein and renal function in elderly patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD),and explore the related factors affecting the level of Klotho protein.Methods A total of 88 elderly DKD patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to November 2021 were randomly divided into dapagli-flozin group and control group.The patients were treated for 12 weeks.The body weight,blood pressure,blood glucose,Klotho protein,renal function,urinary albumin/creatinine(UACR)were estimated before and after treatment,respectively,and adverse reactions were recorded.Results After treatment,the decrease degree of body weight,body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pres-sure,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum uric acid,cystatin C,UACR and the increase degree of Klotho protein were greater in dapagli-flozin group than those in the control group(P＜0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,BUN and UACR were inde-pendent related factors affecting the level of Klotho protein.There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Dapagliflozin treatment can reduce body weight,blood pressure,improve renal function and increase the level of Klotho protein.The regulatory effect of dapagliflozin on Klotho protein may be one of the important mechanisms of its renal protection.

Leukemia is a type of malignant tumors of hematopoietic system with the abnormal increased immature leukemia cells showing metastasis and invasion ability. Liver is one of the main targets of the leukemia cells spread to, where they may continue to proliferate and differentiate and cause liver function damage, even liver failure. Our previous studies showed that Angelica polysscharides (APS), the main effective components in Angelica sinensis of Chinese traditional medicine, was able to inhibit the proliferation and induced differentiation of the leukemia cells, however, its effect on the liver during the treatment remains elucidated. In the present study, the human leukemia NOD/SCID mouse model were established by implantation human leukemia K562 cells line, then the leukemia mouse were treated with APS, Ara-c or APS + Ara-c respectively by peritoneal injection for 14 days, to explore the effect and mechanism of the chemicals on the mouse liver. Compared to the human leukemia NOD/SCID mouse model group with the treatments of APS, Ara-c and APS + Ara-c, We found that severe liver damage and pathological changes of the liver were able to alleviate: First, the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood was significantly lower and with less transplanted K562 leukemia cells; Second, liver function damage was alleviated as liver function tests showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBiL) were significantly reduced, while the albumin (Alb) was notably increased; Third, liver antioxidant ability was improved as the activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased, and the contents of GSH and malonaldehyde (MDA) were decreased significantly in the liver; Fourth, the inflammation of the liver was relieved as the level of IL-1beta and IL-6, the inflammatory cytokines, were decreased significantly in the liver. Fifth, liver index was increased as the pathological observation showed that leukemia cells with diffused infiltration into the liver lobules were significantly reduced and with a remarkable increase of apoptotic positive cell rate by TUNEL test. Furthermore, the APS + Ara-c combined administration showed an even more significant positive effect. In conclusion, the APS, Ara-c therapy reduced the accumulation of leukemia cells within the liver, reduced the liver function damage and levels of inflammatory factors, improved antioxidant capacity of the liver tissue and thus alleviate the pathological changes of the liver. Moreover, the APS + Ara-c combination therapy may have an additive effect.
Angelica ; chemistry ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified Yupingfeng granules(MYG)combined with probiotics in the treatment of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria(CSU).Methods Patients with CSU who attended Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from June 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled.According to the random number table method,CUS patients were divided into MYG group(loratadine combined with MYG)and MYGP group[loratadine combined with MYG and probiotics(live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus enteric-coated capsules)].The urticaria activity score(UAS7),dermatological life quality index(DLQI)and TCM pattern score were used to evaluate the efficacy.The differential levels of inflammatory factors[serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]and immune factors(peripheral blood CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ levels),IgE were detected and compared before and after treatment.The treatment efficacy betwenen tow groups and occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment was observed and compared.Three months after the completion of treatment,the recurrence of the two groups was compared.Results A total of 240 patients with CSU were included in the study,including 120 patients in the MYG group and 120 in the MYGP group.After treatment,USA7,DLQI,TCM pattern score,IL-6,TNF-α,CD8+ and IgE in the MYGP group were significantly lower than those in the MYG group,while CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher than those in the MYG group(P<0.05).The total effective rate of CSU patients in the MYGP group was significantly higher than that in the MYG group(P<0.05),while the incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence were significantly lower than those in the MYG group(P<0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of probiotics combined with MYG adjuvant therapy for CSU is significantly better than that of MYG monotherapy adjuvant therapy,which can significantly improve the treatment effect,reduce inflammatory factors,regulate immune function,improve quality of life,reduce the recurrence rate and adverse reaction rate of CSU,and have high safety.