Objective: To develop the Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: Three investigators assessed 10 dementia cases together with the NPI-Q to evaluate the inter-rater reliability. Eighty-six dementia cases and 30 healthy controls were assessed with the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (BEHAVE-AD), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and NPI-Q to evaluate the criterion validity. A subgroup of 30 dementia cases was tested with the NPI-Q again 24 h later to evaluate the test-retest reliability. Results: (1) Internal consistency. Cronbach's a coefficient of the severity subscale was 0.589, mean inter-item correlation coefficient of the severity subscale was 0.107. Cronbach's α coeffi-cient of the distress subscale was 0.612, and the mean inter-item correlation coefficient of the distress subscale was 0.114. (2) Inter-rater reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the severity subscale was 0.97, and ICC of the distress subscale was 0.94. (3) Test-retest reliability. The test-retest correlation coefficient of the severi-ty subscale was 0.89, and the test-retest correlation coefficient of the distress subscale was 0.86. (4) Criterion va-lidity. The severity subscale total score was correlated significantly with BEHAVE-AD (r=0.70, P <0.001) and BPRS(r=0.40, P<0.001) total score; the distress subscale total score was correlated significantly with the global ratings in part 2 of BEHAVE-AD (r=0.76, P<0.001) . (5) The severity subscale total score in demen-tia group was significantly higher than that in control group (median: 10 vs.1.5, P <0.001). The distress sub-scale total score in dementia group was significantly higher than that in control group (median: 10 vs 0; P< 0.001) . (6) Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 common factors, including psychosis, abnormal behavior,discontrol and affective symptoms, which explained 58.3% of total variance. All of the items loaded were between 0.596 and 0.803 on their conrresponding factor. Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of NPI-Q meet the psychometrics properties, and deserves to conduct further study in larger samples.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of ssomatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in evaluating and predicting the lower limb motor function of patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods19 patients (13 male, 6 female) with acute cerebral infarction diagnosed according to the standard of Chinese Classifications of the Cerebral Vascular Disease were chosen as the case group and 18 patients (11 male, 7 female) with non-nerve system injury were taken as the control group. All patients of two groups were received SEP test within 7 days after onset and latency and amplitude values of SEP of two groups were compared. To the case group, SEP was tested again at 30th day after admission, the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) was also carried out at same times of two SEP tests, and the correlation of SEP and FMA scores was analyzed.ResultsThe difference of latency and amplitude value of SEP test between the case group and control group was significantly (P<0.01). The latency value of SEP in lower limb was correlated with FMA scores (P<0.01). But the amplitude value was no difference between the onset and 30th day after admission in the case group.ConclusionSEP is sensitive in the acute stage of stroke. SEP has significant value for predicting the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction and correlates with the clinical FMA scores. The value of amplitude is not sensitive.

Objective To evaluate the differences and consistency of different diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 920 healthy middle school students (aged11-16years,53.2% males). All participants underwentant hropometric and biochemical examinations,andwere diagnosed as MetS separately using criterion of the Pediatric Academy of Chinese Medical Association ( abbreviated as Chinese criterion) , 2007 International Diabetes Federation criterion ( IDF criterion) , and Cook criterion based on the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel in 2003 ( Cook criterion) . Statistic analysis was used to compare the prevalence of MetS diagnosed and the individual MetS components detected by the different diagnostic criteria, and to evaluate the differences and consistency between the three criteria. Results The prevalence of MetS diagnosed with the Cook criterion (16. 2%) was significantly higher than that by the Chinese criterion(11. 0%) and the IDF criterion. The most frequently detected components were low high-density with the Chinese criterion and IDF criterion, hypertension with the Cook criterion. The least frequently detected component was hyperglycemia with each criterion. The consistency was found stronger between the Chinese and IDF criteria ( Kappa=0. 798-0. 829, P<0.01), but weak between the Cook and the other two criteria (Kappa=0. 465-0. 789,P<0. 01). The adolescents solely diagnosed as MetS patients by the Cook criterion but not the other two criteria had more central obesity, higher plasma glucose and lipid levels and HOMA insulin resistance index (all P<0. 05). Conclusion The prevalence of MetS and components diagnosed with the three criteria was evidently different. The Cook criterion may diagnose more adolescents with higher cardiovascular risks and insulin resistance.

Objective To explore the normal range of cingulate cortex volumes of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers ( age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 15 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A (age range = 18 to 30), B (age range=31 to 40), C (age range =41 to 50), D (age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.Cingulate cortex volume (including bulk volume and the left/right volume) was measured semi-manually using 3D volume analysis software.Cingulate cortex volumes among age groups were compared by one-way ANOVA.Right and left cingnlate cortex volumes between sexualities were analyzed by paired samples t test.The relationship between cingulate cortex volume and age was analyzed by Pearson correlations and regression analysis.Results Cingulate cortex volumes of male and female were (20 347 ± 2504) and ( 19 432 ± 2184) mm3 respectively, and the male's was significantly larger than that of female's (two sample t'-test for independent samples, t'= 6.156, P < 0.05 ).Right and left cingnlate cortex volumes of male were ( 10 717 ± 1629) and (9630 ± 1498) mm3 respectively, and those of female's were ( 10 064 ± 1407 ) and ( 9368 ± 1441 )mm3 respectively.The volumes of cingulate cortex were significantly different between right and left in male or female ( t = - 12.960, - 8.511, P < 0.05 ),and right was larger than left.Bilateral cingulate cortex volume in male among group A, B, C, D and E[left: ( 10 132 ± 1291 ), ( 10 113 ± 1638), (9599 ± 1576), (9594 ± 1288), (8710 ± 1212) mm3 ; right:(11 212±1442), (11 096±1602), (11 040±1403), (10 633±1638), (9604±1522) mm3] had statistical differences (F = 16.738, 18.707, P < 0.01 ) ; and those in female among five age groups[left:(9689 ± 1426), (9652 ± 1676), (9347 ± 1500), (9098 ± 1225), (9053 ± 1233) mm3 ; fight: ( 10 558 ±1325), ( 10 266 ± 1463), ( 10 100 ± 1497), (9779 ± 1304), (9617 ± 1254) mm3] also had significant differences (F = 16.859,7.528,P <0.01 ).Bilateral cingnlate cortex volume in both male and female were negatively correlated with age ( r = - 0.330, - 0.324, - 0.169, - 0.243, P < 0.05 ), though the correlation coefficient is not high.Conclusions Cingnlate cortex volume could be accurately measured on the high-resolution MRI with 3D volume analysis software, which can provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.The results may provide normal range for the diagnosis of the volumetric deficits of cingulate cortex.

Objective To understand the prevalence of negative life events and its association with depressive, anxiety symptoms and dissatisfaction of school life among middle school students in Shaoxing, and to provide scientific evidence for further interventions. Methods A total number of 3 197 students (including 1 134 urban and 2 063 town adolescents) were recruited from 2 middle schools in Shaoxing, their average age was (13.73 ± 1.03) years. The Multidimensional Life Events Rating Questionnaire for Middle School Students (MLERQ), Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) and Screening for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) were used to assess the mental health status, while the school life satisfaction was evaluated by the School Life Satisfaction Rating Questionnaire for Adolescents (SLSRQA), and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of the negative life events was 84.9%, unsatisfactory examination performance (48.6%), unreached the teacher's expectation (46.2%), parental chatter (41.4%), unbalanced learning (37.9%), and getting parents scold (27.6%) constituted the main negative life events. The prevalence of depressive symptom, anxiety symptom, and dissatisfaction of school life were significantly higher among middle school students living with negative life events (41.1%, 22.6%, 26.0%) than those without negative life events (20.9%, 3.5%, 16.5%), (?2=71.33, 94.78, 19.83, P<0.001). The prevalence of the psychosomatic health involvement significantly increased with the increase of the number of the dimensions and events (P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression showed that negative life events were the risk factors of depression, anxiety and dissatisfaction of school life. Their OR values were 2.483 (1.951-3.160), 7.245 (4.411-11.899) and 1.733 (1.325-2.267), respectively. The risk of occurring mental symptoms among children with the number of dimensions≥4 and/or the number of events≥12 was two times higher than those of children without such increase in numbers of dimensions and events. Conclusion The status of negative life events is serious among middle school students in Shaoxing. There are statistical associations between negative life events and mental symptoms.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic obesity with normal weight (MON W) in Han nationality adult population,and to identify the cut-off points of body fat percentage (％ BF) by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) for defining MONW.Methods Six hundred and sixty subjects (403 men and 257 women) with body mass index(BMI) ranged from 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2 were recruited into this study.Waist circumference(WC),blood pressure (BP),BM1,and ％ BF were measured.Serum concentrations of glucose,triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoproteincholesterol(LDL-C),serum insulin,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were tested.Those within the highest quartile in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with a normal BM1 between 18.5 and 23.9 kg/m2 were classified as MONW.Results The prevalence of MONW was 11.34％ for men and 16.34％ for women amongst normal-weight subjects,there was no significant different between men and women in the prevalence(P＞0.05).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that TG(OR =5.92,P=0.001),LDLC (OR =13.65,P =0.009),hsCRP (OR =2.09,P =0.011),WC (OR =2.35,P ＜ 0.01),％ BF (total,OR =3.65,P＜0.01) and ％ BF(abdominal,OR =26.07,P＜0.01) were the risk factors of MONW amongst men.For women,TG (OR =9.12,P＜0.01),LDL-C (OR =2.64,P =0.005),HDL-C (OR =0.020,P＜ 0.01),hsCRP (OR =2.15,P =0.039),WC (OR =1.32,P =0.045),％ BF(total,OR =1.73,P＜0.01) and ％ BF(abdominal,OR =8.43,P＜0.01) were the risk factors of MONW.The cut-off points of ％ BF for diagnosing MONW by ROC were ％ BF≥25％ for men,％ BF ≥35.0％ for women.Conclusion MONW is quite common in Han nationality adult population;.％ BF,WC,hsCRP and lipid profiles were independently associated with MONW ％ BF ≥25 ％ for men,％ BF≥35.0％ for women can be used as reference cut-off.point for diagnosing MONW.

0.05).However,A-waves were recorded in 7 patients who were with normal F-waves.Conclusion The occur- rence of A-waves,especially of multiple type,in the ulnar and median nerves might be helpful for the early diagnosis of Guillain-Barr?Syndrome.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and tumor cell density,glucose transporter expression,cellular proliferation and angiogenesis before and after radiotherapy in C6 glioma rats.MethodsThirty C6 glioma-bearing male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:A,B and C ( 10 rats in each group).Two weeks later,18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in group A.In groups B and C,18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at 48 h and 1 week after radiotherapy,respectively.The ratio of SUVmax of tumor to muscle (T/M) was calculated.HE staining,immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to measure tumor cell density,Ki67 labeling index ( LI),microvessel density ( MVD),Glut-1 and VEGF expression quantitatively.The one-way analysis of variance and bivariate correlation analysis were used to compare the changes of each indicator and evaluate the correlation between T/M and biological indicators,respectively.Results Significant differences of T/M,tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD,Glut-1 and VEGF among groups A,B and C were observed ( F =6.77,60.66,104.56,95.49,9.13,24.48,respectively,all P ＜0.05).Least significant difference (LSD) test showed that there was no significant difference between group A and B in T/M,tumor cell density and Ki67 LI ( 10.86 ± 3.31,730.50 ± 78.93,20.02 ± 2.14 vs 9.23 ± 4.56,672.70 ± 92.98,18.56 ± 2.26).However,the indicators of group C (5.16 ± 2.52,355.60 ± 72.62,7.81 ± 1.76 ) were significantly decreased compared with those of groups A and B (all P ＜0.05 ).MVD and Glut-1 expression of group B increased slightly compared with those of group A ( 19.50 ± 1.96,0.20 ± 0.09 vs 17.90 ± 2.02,0.15 ± 0.04),but the difference was not statistically significant.Nevertheless,the two indicators were significantly decreased in group C ( 8.40 +1.84 and 0.07 ±0.06,P ＜0.05).VEGF expression in group B (0.42 ±0.13) was significantly higher than that in groups A and C (0.17 ±0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.09) ( both P ＜ 0.05 ).The changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density between groups A and B ( r =O.81,P ＜ 0.05 ).Changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD and Glut-1 between groups A and C (r =O.83,0.71,0.68,0.62,all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe changes of 18 F-FDG uptake in C6 glioma rats were only correlated to the changes of tumor cell density at 48 h after radiotherapy.However,the changes of 18F-FDG uptake closely correlate to the changes of a variety of biological indicators at 1 week post radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of siHybrids technique on inhibiring the efflux pump gene mexB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in vitro. MethodsTargeting the efflux pump gene mexB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 ,we designed and synthesized three siHybrids molecule and one negative scamble siHybrids molecule. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were intervened by the siHybrids molecules in 50 nmol/L, respectively. And the experiments were made of control groups[blank and scamble (sc) -001]and intervened groups[siHybrids( si ) -001, siHybrids( si ) -002 and siHybrids(si) -003]of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The targeting efflux pump gene mexB mRNA expressions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, including all groups, were measured by real-time PCR in 12 h and 24 h after interference in vitro. Further, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlormycetinCP, erythrocin( EM ), levofloxacin ( L-OFLX), ceftazidime ( CAZ), meropenem (MER) to those groups were detected by using Mueller-Hinton broth dilution before and after interference. ResultsThe relative mexB mRNA amounts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 intervened by different siHybrids were not much more different from each other after 12 h,but the expression of mexB mRNA of the intervened group ( si-001 ,si-002 ,si-003 ) was much lower than control groups after interference for 24 h. The relative mexB mRNA amounts, comparing 12 h with 24 h, we would find the blank control and negative control submit escalating trend. And the intervened control ,three different siHybrids were all with a downward tendency. However, in presence of 50 nmol/L siHybrids, the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of CP, EM, L-OFLX, CAZ, MER to those controls were not much more different before and after interference. Conclusion On level of the mRNA expressions, siHybrids could inhibit the efflux pump gene mexB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in vitro, and within 24 h would be able to function effectively. Further, the effect was time-dependent.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of microRNA-100 (miR-100) in human gastric cancer cells and its role of miR-100 in migration, invasion and proliferation in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.

METHODSTotal RNAs were extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of SGC7901 cells, gastric cancer (50 cases), non-tumor (18 cases) and lymph nodes with metastases (18 cases). The expression of miR-100 was examined by reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR. Additionally, SGC7901 cells were transfected with Pre-miR-100 and negative control constructs, and then their ability of migration, invasion and proliferation in vitro was documented after 48 hours.

RESULTSRT-qPCR showed that although miR-100 expressed in all samples, compared to non-tumour tissues, the expression was lower both in SGC7901 cells and gastric cancer tissues (P = 0.0077, P < 0.01). SGC7901 cells and primary gastric cancer tissues with lymph nodes metastasis had lower miR-100 expression than those of without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0361, P = 0.0356). The migration ability and invasion of SGC7901 cells transfeced with pre-miR-100 decreased as compared with control cells (P = 0.0025, P = 0.0028 respectively). However, miR-100 expression had no significant effects on the cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONSExpression of miR-100 inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells without significant alteration of proliferation. Therefore, miR-100 may play an inhibitory role in the progression of gastric carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Transfection