Objective To analyze the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogenic isolates during 2009-2014 for rational use of clinical antibiotics.Methods The clinical data were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively to examine the distribution and resistance profile of the pathogenic isolates.Strain identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were conducted by BioMerieux VITEK-2 automatic microbiology analyzer and the associated identification cards.All results were interpreted according to CLSI standards.Results A total of 6 393 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated during the six-year period.The top three pathogens were Escherichia coli (33.6 ％),Enterococcus faecalis (19.4 ％),and Streptococcus agalactiae (13.7 ％).In addition,8,1,and 10 strains ofListeria spp.were isolated in 2009,2010,2014,respectively.A total of 40 strains of anaerobic bacteria had been isolated since 2012.The isolates were mainly from genital tract (53.7 ％) and uterine cavity (21.3 ％),followed by blood stream (8.2 ％),including venous blood samples (6.1％) and umbilical cord blood samples (2.2 ％).There were 165 (2.6 ％) cases of surgical site infections.Escherichia,Enterococcus,and Streptococcus were the top three bacteria isolated from both uterine cavity and venous blood samples.The top three bacteria isolated from surgical sites were Escherichia,Enterococcus,and Staphylococcus.The bacteria isolated from umbilical cord blood samples were mostly Streptococcus,Escherichia,and Enterococcus.Anaerobic bacteria were mainly isolated from blood samples,which accounted for 82.5 ％ of all anaerobic bacteria.Listeria monocytogenes isolates were mainly from venous blood samples or uterine cavity.Overall,the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the pathogenic isolates was relatively stable during the period from 2009 to 2014.Most antibiotics showed good activity against these isolates.Conclusions The pathogens isolated from this gynecology and obstetrics hospital during 2009-2014 period are mainly Escherichia coli,Enterococcusfaecalis,and Streptococcus agalactiae.Most isolates were susceptible to the commonly used antimicrobial agents.In addition to a few MRSA strains,ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli isolates were the main multidrug resistant organisms.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Acupotomy on spastic cerebral palsy. Methods105 cases of spastic cerebral palsy were random divided into group A (35 cases with acupotomy), group B (34 cases with physical therapy) and group C (36 cases with acupotomy and physical therapy). Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was used to assess spasticity before and a month after therapy. ResultsEffective rate of group A was 65.71%, group B was 29.41%, group C was 77.78%, which of group B was significantly lower than those of group A of C. ConclusionAcupotomy can reduce muscular tension of spastic cerebral palsy, which seems more effective than physical therapy.

Orjective:To obtain recombinant CHO-K1 with expressing sPDGFR? and to identify the biological activities of sPDGFR? secreted in non-serum medium.Methods:Recombinant human sPDGFR? expression vector pIRES-Neo3-sPDGFR?-Fc was constructed and then transfected into CHO-K1 cells by using LipofectamineTM 2000.After screened with G418 in 8 weeks,some monoclone cells were selected randomly to amplify in 96-well-plate to 24-well-plates,and then to identify positive cell clones by RT-PCR.Furthermore,the candidate cell clones were test by Real-Time PCR and Western blot assays.Finally,anti-proliferation activities of the expressed sPDGFR? were analyzed by MTT.Results:sPDGFR?-Fc was cloned into pIRES-Neo3 correctly.The sPDGFR?-Fc expression level in recombinant CHO-K1 cell clones were concordant in between Realtime PCR and Western blot assay.sPDGFR?-Fc obtained from cultured non-serum medium of positive CHO-K1 could significantly inhibit proliferation of vascular endothelial cell.Conclusion:Successed to select recombinant CHO-K1 cell lines with high expressed sPDGFR?-Fc.The sPDGFR?-Fc can inhibit the cell proliferation significantly and it means sPDGFR?-Fc might be a new anti-cancer drug in the future.

OBJECTIVETo survey the married couples at reproductive age for contraceptive knowledge in 5 Chinese cities.

METHODSThe data derived from a questionnaire-based research conducted in 2002 on family planning among married couples in 5 Chinese cities were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe total rate of good contraceptive knowledge was 70.10% in the couples. Among all the contraceptive measures, condom use was the most familiar one. The understanding of contraceptive knowledge in couples working in official departments and educational institutes was better than that among the couples working in common enterprises, affected by such factors as gender, geographic regions, educational background and willingness of child-bearing.

CONCLUSIONThe married couples in the Chinese cities have generally good understanding of contraceptive knowledge, which can be affected by different factors among different populations.

Adult ; China ; Cities ; Contraception ; Contraception Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Marriage ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

Objective To evaluate the advantages of TB-IGRA and protein chip to detect the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods From October 2013 to March 2014,collected 78 cases of clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis and normal control’s pe-ripheral blood specimens,used TB-IGRA kits and Mycobacteriumtuberculosis IgG kit(protein chip)to detected respectively. The results were analyzed and compared.Results The sensitivity of protein chip and TB-IGRA in the detection of Mycobac-teriumtuberculosis were 34.5% and 89.7% respectively,which was statistically significant (χ2=26.95,P<0.05).The spe-cificity of protein chip and TB-IGRA were 90.0%,95.0% respectively,which were not statistically significant (χ2=1.64,P> 0.05).The positive rate of TB-IGRA and Protein chip in tuberculosis were 90.5% and 42.9%.The positive rate of TB-IGRA and Protein chipin extrapulmonary tuberculosis were 89.20% and 29.7% respectively.Conclusion Compared TB-IGRA and protein chip,either diagnose tuberculosis or extrapulmonary tuberculosis has highly positive rate and sensitivity, TB-IGRA can be widely used in the early screening of tuberculosis.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of physical inactivity among the elderly in Jing'an District during 2002-2011;to quantify the burden of stroke and coronary heart disease attributable to physical inactivity; and to estimate the benefits in disability free life expectancy ( DFLE) from reasonable physical activity. Methods To understand the epidemiological characteristics of physical inactivity among the elderly in Jing'an District, through analyzing DFLE data.To obtain relative risk ( RR) of stoke and coronary heart disease attributable to physical inactivity, via World Health Organi-zation ( WHO) Comparative Risk Assessment ( CRA) project.To calculate population attributable frac-tions ( PAFs) using CRA methodology.To estimate the increase of DFLE attributable to physical activity, based on the results of Jing'an District DFLE research. Results From 2002 to 2011 , the prevalence of physical inactivity and the incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease associated with physical inactivity among the elderly in Jing'an District presented a downward trend, i.e.incidence of stroke at 13.80%(range 9.16%-21.43%) and that of coronary heart disease at 16.83% (11.19%-26.76%).With the elimination of physical inactivity, DFLE is expected to increase by 0.94 (0.11-2.70) years from stroke and 0.65 (0.11-1.91) years from coronary heart disease. Conclusion Increase of physical activity could reduce the incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease among the elderly, increase DFLE , and gain health benefits.

Objective To observe the changes of autophagy and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex in rats with brain explosive injury and received hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment, and investigate the effect and significance of HBO on them. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6), explosive injury group (n=24) and explosive injury treated with HBO group (n=24).The control group was not injured and 600 mg TNT electric detonators were exploded over the brain of rats at a 12 cm distance in the explosive injury group and explosive injury treated with HBO group. HBO management was given to the explosive injury treated with HBO group 3 and 22 h after explosive injury and at the same time of the other 6 d. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the changes of Beclin-1 and caspase-3 in the cerebral cortex on the 6th and 24th h, 3rd and 7th d of injury. Results The expression levels of Beclin-1 and caspase-3 in the explosive injury group and explosive injury treated with HBO group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of Beclin-1and caspase-3 in the explosive injury treated with HBO group were significantly lower than those in the explosive injury group at the same time points (P＜0.05). Conclusion The decreased expressions of autophagy and apoptosis in brain cells by HBO treatment might be one of the possible mechanisms of treating craniocerebral injury.

Human Interleukin-11(hIL-11)has no Cys residue in its natural form.By site-directed mutagenesis,a Cys residue can be introduced to replace the 1st residue Gly and the rhIL-11 was chemically modified by using 20 kDa mPEG-maleimide conjugated to this site.The mPEG-hIL-11 conjugate was purified and showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with an apparent molecular weight.The biological activity of purified mPEG-hIL-11 was determined using a dependent cell line 7TD1.The remaining biological activity of PEGylated-rhIL-11 was 30% of native rhIL-11,suggesting chemical modification of rhIL-11 by PEG is a promising approach for improving the pharmacological efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of ghrelin on the duodenal myoelectrical activity during the feeding state and the fasting state in rats. METHODS: One pair of bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted in the duodenal serosa of rats for electromyography. The myoelectrical activity was recorded when ghrelin was injected intravenously into rats during the feeding state or the fasting state. Some rats were pretreated with atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, L-arginine, and (D-Lys3)GHRP-6 respectively to explore the mechanism of ghrelin. RESULTS: Duodenal migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) could be induced by ghrelin in the feeding state. Ghrelin could shorten the length of duodenal MMC cycle and increase the amplitude and frequency of phase III during the fasting state. The percentage of phase III in the MMC cycle did not change. These effects were inhibited by atropine and L-arginine (D-Lys3)GHRP-6, but not by propranolol and phentolamine. CONCLUSION Ghrelin seems to be closely related to the duodenal motility. The excitatory effect of ghrelin on duodenal MMC might rely on the cholinergic pathway, and have a close relationship with NO. The receptor of ghrelin can regulate its activity.
Animals ; Duodenum ; drug effects ; physiology ; Electromyography ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Ghrelin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiology ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the analgesic and sedative effects of inhaling a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen on burn patient during and after dressing change.

METHODSA total of 240 burn patients hospitalized in the Institute of Burn Research of Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Department of Burns of the First People's Hospital in Zhengzhou, and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2011 to September 2012 were enrolled in our study, and they were all in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The 240 patients were divided into control group (n = 60, treated with inhalation of oxygen during dressing change) and treatment group (n = 180, treated with inhalation of a mixture of 65% nitrous oxide and oxygen during dressing change) according to the computer-generated list of random number. The other treatments in control group and treatment group were the same. Before, during, and after dressing change, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), oxygen saturation (SO2), and adverse effects were observed. The degree of pain and anxiety felt by the patients were respectively evaluated with the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Chinese version of the burn specific pain anxiety scale (C-BSPAS) at the same time points as above. Data were processed with analysis of covariance, chi-square test, analysis of variance, and rank sum test.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between control group and treatment group in the levels of HR, SBP, DBP, and SO2 before dressing change (with F values respectively 0.76, 0.06, 1.11, 0.70, P values all above 0.05). Compared with those of control group, the levels of HR, SBP, DBP, and SO2 in treatment group were significantly ameliorated during dressing change (with F values respectively 81.78, 146.36, 226.44, 205.62, P values all below 0.01). After dressing change, the levels of DBP in the two groups were close (F = 0.31, P > 0.05), but the levels of HR, SBP, and SO2 showed statistical differences (with F values respectively 7.02, 8.69, 12.23, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Before dressing change, the VAS scores were approximate between control group and treatment group (Z = 0.21, P > 0.05). Compared with those in control group (9.4 ± 0.7, 1.7 ± 2.5), the VAS scores were significantly lowered in treatment group during and after dressing change (1.6 ± 1.3, 0.7 ± 1.1, with Z values respectively 11.84, 3.35, P values all below 0.01). There was no significant difference in C-BSPAS score between control group and treatment group before dressing change (Z = 0.62, P > 0.05). Compared with those in control group (75 ± 13, 73 ± 12), the C-BSPAS scores in treatment group were decreased during and after dressing change (9 ± 15, 9 ± 14, with Z values respectively 11.91, 12.28, P values all below 0.01). There were no obvious adverse effects in two groups before, during, and after dressing change.

CONCLUSIONSA mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen seems to have obvious analgesic and sedative effects on burn patients during dressing change, and it can be widely used.

Administration, Inhalation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Analgesia ; methods ; Bandages ; Burns ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrous Oxide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult