Objective To observe the effects of culture medium of a mn iotic cells on NO and NOS in retinal tissues of rabbits in vitro in order to pro vide a protective method for antioxidation in retina transplantation. M ethods Thirty adult healthy rabbits (30 right eyes) were divided into 3 groups. Group Ⅰ: fresh retinal tissue; group Ⅱ: routine culture medium; group Ⅲ: culture medium of amniotic cells. The retinal tissues in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ we re cultured in the corresponding culture medium for 1 week. The content of NO an d NOS in retinal tissues in the 3 groups were determined. Results Compared with group I, the content of NO and NOS of group Ⅱ increased obvio usly (t=3.821, 3.854; P0.05) . Conclusion Culture medium of amniotic cells may remove free r adicals and enhance the ability of antioxidation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) in rapid prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies. Methods Twenty-two short tandem repeats (STR) and AMXY located on chromosome 13,18,21,X and Y were used as markers to examine 1740 samples from high risk pregnant women in Down syndrome screening and advanced maternal age(≥35 yrs) by QF-PCR.Samples were also tested by karyotype analysis and the results of the two methods were compared. Results Karyotype analysis and QF-PCR results were successfully obtained from 1690 samples. All QF-PCR reports were obtained within 48 hours after sample collection.For 1639 samples,normal results were obtained by both karyotype analysis and QF-PCR.Among 51 samples that were found abnormal by karyotype analysis,41 were abnormal in QF-PCR.The rapid tests found all numerical abnormalities involving chromosome 21,18,13,X and Y in prenatal diagnosis,including trisomy 21 (n =30),trisomy 18 (n =6),45,XO (n =1 ),47,XYY (n=1),47,XXX (n=1),69,XXX (n=1) and mosaic 47,XXY[94]/46,XX[6] (n=1)(47,XXY in QF-PCR).No false positive results were found.The results obtained by QF-PCR were consistent with those of cytogenetic studies in 99.4％ of the samples (1680/1690).Only ten cases of mosain and structural abnormality could not be found (0.6％,10/1690) by QF-PCR. Conclusions Rapid QF-PCR test might diagnose all aneuploidies involving chromosome 21,18,13,X and Y.It could provide rapid and accurate diagnosis for 99.4％ pregnant women with positive Down syndrome screening and advanced maternal age.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on the proliferation of rabbit chondrocytes in vitro.

METHODSChondrocytes from the knee joints of New Zealand white rabbits were cultured. bFGF or HA or both were added into the culture medium respectively, and the proliferation of the chondrocytes was measured with MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyl-tetra-zolium bromide. (MTT, Sigma, M2128).

RESULTSBasic fibroblast growth factor (10 ng/ml) with low concentration of fetal bovine serum in the culture medium promoted the proliferation of chondrocytes significantly, and this effect reached its maximum when concentration of bFGF reached 50 ng/ml. HA itself had no effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes. However, when bFGF was used in combination with HA, especially when the concentration of bFGF was 50-500 ng/ml and that of HA was 10-50 ng/ml, the effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes was much more than when bFGF or HA was used alone.

CONCLUSIONSbFGF can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes. HA, which has no effect on the proliferation of the cells, can maintain a normal growth of chondrocytes. When bFGF is used in combination with HA, more proliferation is obtained.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; drug effects ; physiology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Hyaluronic Acid ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Knee Joint ; cytology ; Male ; Probability ; Rabbits ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and security of different uses of propofol on the sedation during the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. METHODS: Four hundred patients who underwent gastroscopy received midazolam and propofol as sedation. Patients were divided to 4 groups with different intervals between midazolam and propofol: Group A and D with the interval of 30 seconds to 1 minute, Group B and C with 3 to 5 minute interval. All patients were premedicated with midazolam and propofol at 16 approximately 25 mg/10s (Group A and B) and 6 approximately 7 mg/10s (Group C and D). RESULTS: The doses of propofol of Group A,B,C, and D were (111.90+/-22.43),(102.20+/-15.99),(73.05+/-13.08) and (80.90+/-17.36)mg respectively, with significant difference(P<0.01). The time of return to consciousness decreased markedly in Group C and D [(9+/-1), (10+/-2)min ], and that of Group A and B was [(14+/-5), (13+/-3)min ]. There was significant difference between Group C, D and Group A, B(P<0.01). CONCLUSION The dose of propofol and the time of return to consciousness depend on the rate of administration and the interval between midazolam and propofol. Appropriate rate and interval can produce safer and more effective sedation for the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; administration & dosage ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Midazolam ; administration & dosage ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo assess the reliability and usefulness of the extended supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flap (eSIF) for reconstructing soft tissue defects followinng tongue cancer ablation.

METHODSTwenty-two tongue defects in 22 patients with tongue cancer were repaired with eSIF after resection of the tongue malignant tumours. The sizes of the skin paddle ranged from (4 cm × 6 cm) to (8 cm × 14 cm) (average: 5.5 cm × 8.7 cm).

RESULTSThe eSIF survived in twenty cases, including two cases with minimal partial necrosis. The patients were follwed up for 5 - 16 months. Eighteen patients were alive with disease free, two were alive with disease and two died of a lung and liver metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSThe eSIF is reliable for reconstructing oral defects following the ablation of advanced oral malignant tumors.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Fascia ; transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Tongue Neoplasms ; surgery

[Objective]To establish a reliable and accurate preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)method using multiple dis?placement amplification (MDA), which can be applied to the diagnosis of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (X-SCID).[Methods]Haplotype analysis for the X-SCID family was performedusing five short tandem repeats (STR) markers flanking the both sides of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain (IL2RG) gene. MDA technique was used for single-cell whole genomic amplification. The products were used as template in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of informative STR markers found by linkage analysis for haplotype analysis as well as sequencing of the IL2RG gene exon 5.The amelogenin (AMEL) locus was used to do sex diag?nosis.[Results]Linked analysis revealed 3 STR markers were informative. The method was evaluated with 10 single lymphocytes and 10 single blastomeres. MDA was successful in all single cell. The detection efficiency of gene sequencing of pathogenic IL 2RG exon5 was 100%. The PCR efficiency of 3 STR informative markers and AMEL was 96.3%(77/80)and the average allele drop-out (ADO) rate was 11.5%(7/61). A cycle of PGD was performed on the family, and seven embryos were diagnosed, two of which were normal embry?os. Twin pregnancy occurred after transplantation which were given a healthy baby boy and a healthy baby girl.[Conclusion]In this study, multiple displacement amplification combined with specific amplification/sequencing of pathogenic gene and haplotype analysis in the single cell level of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease were performed. The protocol can avoid misdiagnosis caused by contamination and ADO, and improve the diagnostic efficiency of PGD.

BACKGROUNDClinical programs for preventing beta-thalassemia are presently based on prospective carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis. This paper report an achievement of a pregnancy with unaffected embryos using in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), in combination with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), for a couple at risk of having children with beta-thalassemia.

METHODSA couple carrying different thalassemia mutations, both a codon 41 - 42 mutation and the IVS II 654 mutation, received standard IVF treatment, with intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo biopsiy, single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA analysis. Only unaffected or carrier embryos were transferred to the uterine cavity. After confirmation of pregnancy, a prenatal diagnosis was performed.

RESULTSOf a total of 13 embryos analyzed for beta-globin mutations, PGD indicated that 2 were normal, 3 were affected, and 6 were carriers. Diagnosis could not be made in the other 2 embryos. Three embryos were transferred to the uterus on the third day after oocyte retrieval. Ultrasonography revealed a twin pregnancy with one blighted ovum. The prenatal genetic diagnosis revealed that both fetuses were unaffected, and two healthy boys were born, confirming the results of PGD.

CONCLUSIONSWe developed a single-cell based primer extension preamplification (PEP)-PCR assay for the detection of beta-thalassemia mutations. The assays were efficient and accurate at all stages of the procedure, and resulted in the birth of PGD-confirmed beta-thalassemia free children in China. PEP was used here in PGD for beta-thalassemia.

Adult ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; beta-Thalassemia ; diagnosis ; genetics

Single-port and reduced-port laparoscopic radical gastrectomy as the innovative surgery for gastric cancer are gradually accepted nowadays,and more attentions are also paid to single-port and reduced-port laparoscopic radical gastrectomy due to its better cosmetic effect,less pain,lower incidence rate of surgical site infection and more advantages in enhanced recovery after surgery.However,in the early stage,the development of single-port and reduced-port laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were facing challenges and obstacles on account of limited surgical skills,the lack of special laparoscopic instruments,laparoscope and multi-port Trocar.In recent years,the dilemma and difficult situations were gradually resolved following by surgical techniques innovation,laparoscopic instruments and facilities improvement.It is believed that single-port and reduced-port laparoscopic radical gastrectomy will have a good prospect and breakthrough in the field of gastric cancer treatment in the future.

Laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal can-cer involves total mesorectal excision (TME), D 3 lymphadenectomy, and pelvic autonomic nerve preservation, the goal of which is trying to achieve completely radical cure for cancer and urogenital function preservation. In the actual operation procedure, the understanding of fascial anatomy in abdominal and pelvic cavity will help us to improve the quality of TME surgery for rectal cancer and to preserve the pelvic autonomic nerves. When entering the pelvic cavity, the identification of fascia propria of mesorectum, visceral fascia, pre-hypogastric nerve fascia, presacral fascia, ligament structures around the rectum and the Denonvilliers′ fascia in front of the rectum will help us to protect the pelvic autonomic nerves and avoid surgical injury. So the authors focus on how to identify the pelvic fascia structure clearly in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer, furthermore, to master the concepts of fascia anatomy to realize TME for rectal cancer and to achieve pelvic autonomic nerve preservation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for whole-brain radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for brain metastases.Methods From January 2015 to January 2017,120 patients with brain metastases undergoing hospital radiotherapy at the First People's Hospital and the Second People's Hospital of Yulin City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were randomly divided into three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) group (n =60) and IMRT group (n =60) by envelope method.The curative effects of the two groups and the changes of patient's mental states before and after radiotherapy were compared.Results The median survival times of patients in 3DCRT group was 11.5 months,and the 6 months and 1 year survival times rates were 83.3％ and 35.0％ respectively.The median survival times of patients in IMRT group was 12.9 months,and the 6 months and 1 year survival rates were 86.7％ and 38.3％ respectively.There was no significant difference in prognosis between the two groups (x2 =0.143,P =0.705).There were 8 cases with complete remission,38 cases with partial remission,11 cases with stable disease,3 cases with progressive disease in 3DCRT group,and there were 9,40,9,2 cases in IMRT group respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in short-term efficacy between the two groups (Z =-0.641,P =0.520).Univariate analysis results showed that recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification (x2=53.484,P ＜0.001),extracranial lesions control (x2=13.392,P ＜ 0.001),whether the midline offset (x2 =4.427,P =0.035) were prognostic factors.Multivariate analysis results showed that RPA classification (HR =2.631,95 ％ CI:1.884-3.673,P ＜ 0.001),extracranial lesions control (HR =1.697,95％ CI:1.034-2.786,P =0.037),whether the midline offset (HR =1.787,95％ CI:1.118-2.856,P =0.015) were the independent prognostic factors for the overall survival.According to the results of activities of mini-mental state examination,the scores of 3DCRT group before and after radiotherapy were 27.12 ± 2.42 and 26.08 ± 2.42 respectively,with a significant difference (t =2.723,P =0.009);and the scores of IMRT group before and after radiotherapy were 26.57 ± 3.09 and 27.20 ± 2.46 respectively,with no significant difference (t =-1.610,P =0.1 13).Conclusion IMRT for whole-brain radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost is an effective treatment for multiple brain metastases,which can relieve symptoms,prolong survival time and improve quality of life.