Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; Child, Preschool ; Clindamycin ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Paraplegia ; chemically induced

Objective To explore the expression of heparanase(HPA)and its correlation with the clinical pathological features and angiogenesis in bladder transitional cell carcinoma.Methods HPA mRNA level was detected with RT-PCR and its protein level was determined by immunohistochemical staining in 68 cases of bladder cancer and 24 cases of adjacent tissues of bladder cancer.Results The positive rate of HPA mRNA was 60.3%(41/68)in bladder cancer,4.2%(1/24)in the adjacent tissues of bladder cancer.The expression of HPA mRNA had statistically significant correlation with pathological stage,clinical staging and lymphonode metastasis(P

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence can be divided into stress, urgent and mixed types, they can not be easily distinguished only basing on clinical experience, which often result in misdiagnose or improper treatment OBJECTIVE: To discuss the value of urodynamical inspection, especially stress leak point pressure (SLPP) determination in the diagnose of female stress urinary incontinence.DESIGN: Retrospective paralleled comparison observation.SETTING: Center of General Urology Department, Southern Hospital,Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 female patients who received medical treatment in the uropoiesis surgical department of the Southwest hospital due to urinary incontinence between January 1996 and May 2002 were enrolled in this experiment.gle was determined and considered as normal if it was ＜100° and abnormal if ＞ 100°. Urethral tilt angle is judged as normal if ＜ 45° and abnormal if ＞45°; Urethrovesical junction (when static state) was judged as normal if not tion: including fulling urinary bladder pressure measurement, static urethral Cystourethrography classification standard: type Ⅰ refers to posterior urethrovesical angle vanished with urethral tilt angle＜45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure＞20 cmH2O; type Ⅱ: refers to posterior urethrovesical angle vanished with urethral tilt angle＞45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure＜20 cmH2O; type Ⅲ refers to normal posterior urethrovesical angle with urethral tilt angle＜45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure ＞20 cmH2O. SLPP classification standard: typeⅠ: SLPP ＞120 cmH2O; type Ⅱ: SLPP of 90- 120 cmH2O; type Ⅲ: SLPP ＜ 60 cmH2O;type Ⅱ/Ⅲ: SLPP of 60 - 90 cmH2O.compared with that of cystourethrographic classification.RESETS: Totally120 patients all remained in the final result analysis.stress urinary incontinence, 64 cases as symptomatic stress urinary incontinence including 28 cases of unstable bladder and 36 cases of low compliclassification: of the 56 genuine stress urinary incontinence, 20 cases were diagnosed as type Ⅰ; 16 cases as type Ⅱ and 10 cases as type Ⅱ/Ⅲ; 10cases as type Ⅲ. Two classification was proved of 100% consistency in type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and 94.1% and 90.1% in type Ⅱ and type Ⅱ/Ⅲ respectively, difference was not remarkable (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: SLPP determination can be used to make accurate classification of female genuine stress urinary incontinence, possessing important instructive significance for the treatment.

Vertebral artery hypoplasia is a congenital vessel variation. Its incidence is from 1. 9 to 26. 5% . In recent years, studies have shown that vertebral artery hypoplasia may be a potential risk factor for posterior circulation infarction, especialy when it coexists with other cerebrovascular risk factors. Vertebral artery hypoplasia may also cause regional hypoperfusion and complex neurovascular regulation, and it also has a certaln link with migralne.

Objective To assess whether the plaque volume of carotid artery evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound can predict the risk of cardiovascular events earlier in patients with coronary heart disease, in comparison with plaque thickness.Methods A total of 99 patients were enrolled, including 66 patients with asymptomatic carotid plaque and 33 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and carotid plaque.Three-dimensional ultrasound was performed in all the patients.Coronary angiography was performed in all the patients in CHD group.Coronary artery Gensini score was calculated.Plaque thickness, plaque area and plaque volume were compared between the two groups.We analyzed the relationship of plaque volume with Gensini score and other cardiovascular risk factors.Results Plaque volume was significantly higher in CHD group [(1312.38±513.70)mm3] than in asymptomatic group [(947.54±321.41)mm3] (P=0.023).However, plaque thickness and plaque area were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).Plaque volume was positively correlated with Gensini score (r=0.519, P=0.002), homocysteine (r=0.569, P=0.002), and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.There was a negative correlation between plaque volume and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a factor protecting against cardiovascular events (r=-0.387, P=0.038).Conclusion Compared with plaque thickness, the volume of carotid plaques assessed by three-dimensional imaging technique may be a better predictor of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical biomarkers of acute lung injury(ALI) after the Stanford A aortic dissection.Methods Thirty patients underwent Stanford A aoatic dissection were selected as subjects,who hospitalized from January 2006 to March 2013.Of which,21 patients underwent total arch replacement with stented elephant trunk procedure and 9 patients underwent triple-branched stent graft placement.The general information of patients,preoperation echocardiogram data,and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2),partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2) were recorded before,after the operation and entering ICU.Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2),oxygenation index (OI) were calculated.Results A-aDO2 and OI at preoperation,postoperative and entering ICU point were (112.47 ±41.06) mmHg,(136.13 ± 29.51) mmHg and (141.37 ± 25.94) mmHg; (535.23 ± 70.15) mmHg; (491.50 ± 73.12) mmHg and (387.33 ± 91.32) mmHg respectively,and the differences were significant (F=35.926,323.742;P =0.000).The levels of A-aDO2 and OI at entering ICU were significant different from that of pre-operation and post-operation (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Early postoperative oxygenation and switching functions of patients with Stanford A aortic dissection are subject to damage to some degree.The A-aDO2 and OI might be sensitive biomarkers of the diagnosis for early acute lung injury of aortic dissection patients.

Objective:To evaluate the role of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)patients. Methods: From 2004 to 2005,215 patients underwent CABG and there were 36 cases with LVEF0.40(normal LVEF group). Correlative data of the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically. Results: Compared with the normal EF group, the EuroSCORE of the low EF group was much higher (mean 6.4?1.7) and many more patients of the low EF group had concomitant moderate to severe mitral valve insufficiency and aneurysm that needed simultaneous surgical operation(55.6%).Two patients died in hospital(5.5%)in the low EF group whereas five patients in the normal EF group(2.8%, P

Objective To explore the expression of connexin 43 in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) from guinea pig bladder in vitro. Methods Bladder ICCs were primarily cultured from guinea pigs by collagenase digestion method. Primarily cultured bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from guinea pig were taken as control. The expressions of c-kit and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were detected by immunofluorescent method. Immumofluorescent method and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of Connexin 43 in 2 groups of cells. Results The expression of c-kit was positive in ICCs but negative in the control group. On the contrary, the expression of SMA was negative in ICCs but positive in the control group. Connexin 43 expression was significantly higher in ICCs than that in the control group (P

Objective To explore the expression of neuron specific enolase(NSE)and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)in the interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs)in vitro from guinea pigs.Methods The ICCs of bladder were primary cultured from guinea pigs by collagenase digestion.The control group was smooth muscle cell(SMC)of bladder primary cultured from guinea pigs.The expression of c-kit and smooth muscle actin(SMA)were detected by immumofluorescence.RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA level and protein content of NSE and nNOS at 1,3 and 5 d after primary culture.Results The expression of c-kit was positive in the ICCs of bladder but negative in the control group,while the expression of SMA was negative in the ICCs of bladder but positive in the control group.Both NSE and nNOS of the ICCs of bladder were high in the mRNA and protein content,but were negative in the control group.Conclusion NSE and nNOS were expressed stably in the ICCs of bladder in vitro,indicating that the ICCs of bladder may be involved in the regulation of bladder function.

BackgroundRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) has the genetic and phenotype heterogeneity.To determine the disease-causing gene is a foundation of gene therapy.Objective This study was to localize the pathogenic gene and screen the gene mutation associated with Han Nationality autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) in a Chinese family.MethodsTwenty-one families enrolled this study,including 12 patients with ADRP and 9 individuals with normal phenotype.Perimetry,fundus examination,electrooculogram ( EOG ) and electroretinogram (ERG) were performed in 12 patients.Genetic linkage analysis was performed on the subjects in all known genetic loci related to ADRP with a panel of microsatellite markers.Subsequently,the mutation screening of rhodopsin gene was screened by direct DNA sequencing.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.Informed consent was obtained from each subject.ResultsThe fundus appearance of the proband was in accordance with the ADRP,and the EOG and ERG showed undetectable.Contractive visual field also was exhibited in the proband.Linkage analysis showed that the maximum logarithm of the odds(LOD) score reached 3.6671 at marker D3S1292 at recombination fraction θ =0.0.The results of direct DNA sequencing revealed a C→ G transversion mutation at codon 53 in exon 1 of rhodopsin gene,which resulted in a proline to arginine change (Pro53Arg) in 12 patients.However,no similar mutation was found in the unaffected members of this family.ConclusionsThe missence mutation Pro53Arg in rhodopsin gene cosegregate with the RP disease.It is determined to be a pathogenic factor of this ADRP family.