Objective To systematically evaluate the influence of TNF-α and NSE levels in cerebrospinal fluid on Chinese children with viral encephalitis (VE).Methods Literature about the influence of TNF-α and NSE levels in cerebrospinal fluid on Chinese children with VE,which were published before Nov.1,2016,were searched in databases including CNKI,Wanfang Data,Cochrane Library and PubMed.And the case-control study about the TNF-α and NSE levels in cerebrospinal fluid between Children with VE (VE group) and children without VE (control group) were included in this study,and the quality evaluation was implemented and the data were extracted.And then the RevMan 5.3 was used to carry out the meta-analysis.Results Nine case-control studies were included in this study,involving 536 cases in the VE group and 284 cases in the control group.The results showed that the level of TNF-α and NSE in cerebrospinal fluid of the VE group were all significantly higher than that of the control group,and the differences was statistically significant [SMD=1.75,95%CI:1.56-1.93,P<0.01;SMD=1.34,95%CI:1.17-1.51,P<0.01].Conclusion The levels of TNF-α and NSE in cerebrospinal fluid are positively correlated with the incidence of VE in Chinese children.

Objective: To determine bacteriostatic drugs nipagin esters and metronidazole illegally added to chitosan medical devices.Methods: An HPLC method was used with a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)column.The mobile phase was water and acetonitrile(65∶35).The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was 254 nm.The column temperature was 35℃ and the injection volume was 10 μl.Results: Nipagin esters were detected out in chitosan suppositories and gel.Metronidazole was detected out in chitosan lotion.Conclusion: The method is simple and fast, which has guiding significance for further comprehensive studies of bacteriostatic drugs illegally added to chitosan medical devices.

Objective To understand the situation of eosinophils absolute value and percentage in the population of occupational health examination in Changsha City ,and to analyze the distribution situation of physical examination abnormal results of eosino‐phils absolute value(EOS) and percentage(EOS% ) .Methods The blood cell analysis results and physical examination abnormal manifestations in 22 135 cases of occupational health examination were statistically analyzed .Results Among cases of EOS absolute value and EOS% increase ,the majority had the changes of EKG abnormality ,fatty liver ,etc .the minority were reactive and clonal increase ,meanwhile the cases of unknown cause eosinophils increase also accounted for a large proportion .Conclusion It is sugges‐ted that a large number of experiments and clinical studies should be carried out for further investigate the significance of eosino‐phils increase in the occupational health examination .

BACKGROUND: Precise clinical treatment of talar ischemic necrosis remains controversial at present.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in the stress and its distribution on talar trochlear articular surface in case of talar necrosis at different levels.METHODS: The present study adopted eight ankle specimens to establish the three-dimensional finite element model of ankle. Through changes in the talar necrosis volume of these models, this study analyzed the change law of talar trochlear articular surface stress and its distribution and calculated the critical necrosis volume of traumatic foot and ankle arthritis or talar collapse that may be induced by talar ischemic necrosis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experiment successfully established the three-dimensional finite element model of ankle. This study found that talar trochlear articular surface stress distribution showed little change in case of talar medial and lateral necrosis at a lower level; when medial talar necrosis volume reached (26.6±1.5)%, and lateral talar necrosis volume reached (35.0±2.5)%. Stress concentration phenomenon occurred in the boundary area between talar necrosis tissue and normal osseous tissue, and the stress area took the shape of irregular pattern. It is suggested that surgical treatment should be considered due to the high-risk induction of ankle-foot traumatic arthritis or talar collapse.

Objective To establish a practical microPET imaging procedure for the measurement of myocardial metabolic rate of glucose (MRGlu) in mice.Methods Twenty wild-type BKS mice were divided into 4 groups by random number table method.The mice were anesthetized with different concentrations of isoflurane (1.3％,1.5％,1.8％,2.0％) at the temperature between 30 ℃ to 34 ℃.The respiratory rate and the physiologic condition were monitored for adjusting the most appropriate isoflurane concentration.Then,different volumes of saline were injected to the anesthetized mice and blood glucose concentrations were measured to test the optimal injection volume.Under the optimal operating condition,18 F-FDG were injected in a group of six mice and followed by microPET imaging.Left ventricular TAC was obtained by drawing ROI and myocardial glucose SUV was also calculated.Meanwhile,the TAC from venous sampling at different time points after 18F-FDG injection was generated.Kinetic Imaging System was used to estimate the coefficients and calculate the MRGlu(Ki ×Glu/LC; Ki =k1 ×k3/(k2+k3).One-way analysis of variance and q test were used to analyze the data.Results No movement was observed in non-fasted mice anesthetized with (1.5-1.8)％ isoflurane,and their respiratory rates were all over 80 per minute.The plasma glucose concentration showed no difference at each time point between the experimental group injected with 75 μl saline and the control group (F=1.215,P＞0.05).The plasma glucose concentration of mice injected with 150 μl saline exhibited statistically significant difference at 30 min (q =2.485,P=0.024),45 min (q =2.287,P=0.036) and 60 min (q =2.709,P =0.015).When the injection volume reached 300 μl,the blood glucose concentration increased remarkably at 45 min (q =2.435,P=0.027).Mice were maintained in good condition after injected with 18F-FDG ranging from 7.4 to 11.1 MBq within 75 μl volume,meanwhile clear and stable myocardial microPET images could also be obtained.The median myocardial SUV value was 11.88(9.71-14.93),Ki value was 0.19 (0.10-0.54) ml · min-1 · g-1and MRGlu value was 19.64 (5.55-23.28) mg · kg-1 · min-1at 45-55 min after 18F-FDG injection.Conclusion The microPET imaging may be a reliable,practical method to evaluate myocardial glucose uptake rate and metabolic rate in mice under the precondition of optimal isoflurane anesthetization (1.5％-1.8％)and small volume of 18F-FDG injection (≤＜75 μl).

Objective:To investigate the effect of a low calcium diet on the distal and proximal tibial metaphysis in male rats using bone histomorphometrical techniques. Methods:Forty 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats, with a mean weight of 280?22g, were randomized into five groups. Group one and group two were fed a normal diet (Ca 1.0%) and a very low calcium diet (VLCD ,Ca 0.1%) respectively for one month,and the rest three groups were fed a normal diet (Ca 1.0%), a very low calcium diet (VLCD, Ca 0.1%) and a low calcium diet (LCD , Ca 0.3%) respectively for three months. All animals received double bone fluorochrome labeling prior to sacrifice. At the end of experiment, the left tibiae were harvested for bone histomorphometrical evaluations. Results:After one month, compared to control group, distal tibial metaphysis(DTM) of VLCD did not change significantly but proximal tibial metaphysis(PTM) was decreased significantly whose percent trabecular area (%Tb.Ar) was decreased to 38% (P

Objective To explore the possible effects of hepatocyte growth factors (HGF) on prevention and therapy of disused gastrocnemius atrophy in rats by observing their effects on the wet weight and contractile function of the gastrocnemius of fixed hind limbs. Methods Twenty-four Wister male rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a contrast group and an experimental group. Their right hind limbs were fixed for four weeks with plastic piaster from metatarsus to 1 cm up the knee. Their knee joint was fixed in 100?flexion and their ankle joint in 60?plantar flexion. Rats in the contrast group were injected with 0. 2 mL of normal saline, and rats in the ex- perimental group were injected with HGF (10 mg/kg, 10 mg/mL). Their whole gastrocnemius of the right hind limb was dissected four weeks later to measure its contractile function and wet weight. Results Compared with the blank group, single maximal contraction, maximal tetanus, and wet weight of the gastrocnemius in the contrast and experimental groups decreased significantly (P＜0. 05), and fields of electric stimulation also decreased signifi- cantly (P＜0. 05). Compared with the contrast group, single maximal contraction, maximal tetanus, and wet weight of the gastrocnemius in the experimental group were significantly superior (P＜0.05), and fields of electric stimulation significantly increased. Conclusion Since after a local injection of HGF, the contractile function and wet weight can be significantly increased, HGF may have a preventive effect on disused atrophy.

Background Researches documented that retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in unaffected carriers of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) becomes thickened in different quadrants to different degrees.But the change of their macular thickness is still unclear.Objective This study was to clarify RNFLT and macular thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in unaffected female carriers of LHON families.Methods Five female LHON patients (5 eyes) from 5 LHON families,eighteen unaffected female carriers (18eyes) from 18 LHON families and twenty-five age-matched healthy female controls (25 eyes) were included in this study.The patients and genetic carriers were diagnosed in PLA General Hospital from 2011 September to 2012 October.Regular ocular examination were performed followed by OCT measurement of retinas.The Optic Disc Cube 200×200 and Macular Cube 200×200 protocols were used during the OCT measurement.Average (360°) RNFLT,RNFLT at four quadrantic sections,cube average macular thickness and macular thickness of nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) sub-areas were compared among the LHON genetic carriers,LHON patients and normal controls.Results Compared to the normal control group,significant reduced values were seen in temporal,superior,nasal and inferior side of sub-area macular thickness in the LHON female carriers (P=0.022,0.046,0.024,0.008).In addition,but no significant differences were found in cube average thickness,central subarea macular thickness,temporal,superior,nasal and inferior side of lateral sub-area macular thickness,average RNFLT,and temporal,superior,nasal and inferior quadrant RNFLT between the LHON female carriers and normal controls (P=0.102,0.051,0.238,0.663,0.1 10,0.104,0.419,0.371,0.158,0.063,0.563).Compared to the unaffected female carrier group,female patients showed significant reductions in cube average macular thickness,temporal,superior,nasal and inferior side of sub-area macular thickness,temporal,superior,nasal and inferior side of lateral sub-area mac ular thickness,average R NFLT and temporal,superior,and inferior quadrant RNFLT (P =0.000,0.000,0.000,0.007,0.002,0.002,0.000,0.000,0.040,0.000,0.016,0.000,0.000) except for the central subarea macular thickness and nasal quadrant RNFLT (P=0.388,0.580).Conclusions Unaffected LHON female carriers show a normal peripapillary RNFLT,but the macular thickness at medial sub-area is thinner.This first report offers an information of macular structure change in unaffected LHON female carriers,which suggest that macular damage appears prior to RNFLT change.

0.05).After treatment,in neuromus- cular electric stimulation therapy group and ice-massage therapy group,SSA scores and degrade of SaO_2 were improved. There was significant difference between before and after treatment(P

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Japan Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Study Group (JLSG) Protocol in treatment of children suffering from multiple system langerhans cell histiocytosis (MS-LCH). The clinical features, therapeutic response and prognosis of 11 children who were diagnosed and treated by JLSG in our department during October 2004 through October 2011 were analyzed. Among all 11 cases, 8 males and 3 females, the age at diagnosis was from 3 month to 6.5 years old with a median age of 3 years old. There were 10 cases of LCH with multi-system involvement (MS-LCH) and 1 case of single-system involvement (SS-LCH). Among those MS-LCH patients, 5 patients had risk organ involvement, and the other 5 patients did not develop risk organ involvement. All patients had been treated with JLSG protocol. The results showed that 4 cases achieved good response after 6-week induction treatment and the time of drug discontinuation were 5 - 20 months without relapse; 3 cases achieved partial response after 6-week induction treatment, among them 1 case did not relapse after discontinuation of drugs for 19 months, 1 case was still receiving maintenance treatment, 1 case abandoned induction treatment; 4 patients got no response (NR) or progressive disease after 6-week of induction treatment and were switched to salvage therapy, among them, 2 patients had stopped treatment for 2 - 20 months without relapse, 1 patient was still receiving maintenance treatment, one had changed to another therapy. It is concluded that the most of childhood LCH can be effectively controlled by immunochemical therapy based on the JLSG protocol. For children with LCH who has a poor response after 6-week induction treatment, LCH can still be well controlled if switched to salvage treatment.
Antineoplastic Protocols ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome