More and more research proved that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play an important role in immune tolerance in these years. Known as a T cell growth factor, Interleukin2 (IL-2) regulated the immune tolerance induced by Treg cells. IL-2 sustained the activity of Treg cells both in thymus and periphery while it was dispensable for the development of Treg cells in thymus. In addition, IL-2 signal affected the function of Treg cells and maintained their competitive fitness. Therefore, CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and IL-2 formed an immune network to regulate the processes of immune response, immune tolerance and autoimmune homeostasis.

Diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries,it accounts for a large part of global disease burden every year.Water and sanitation are closely associated with the morbidity of diarrhea.The recent researches were reviewed in this paper,and the effect of drinking water,sanitation and hygienic knowledge on diarrhea was discussed.The incidence rate of diarrhea was likely to decrease as water supply and sanitation were improved.

Objective To investigate drug adverse reactions caused by Qingkailing injection,in order to provide a reference for clinical drug rational use.Method 2003-2008 Qingkailing Injection Case reports of adverse reactions collected from the Guizhou Province Monitoring Center Database was analysed descriptively.Result The occurrence of Qingkailing injection adverse reactions was not correlated to gender.The clinical manifestation was mainly for allergic reactions(305 cases,accounting for 35.59%)and systemic damage(417 cases,accounting for 48.66%).There were 652 cases adverse reactions occurred in 30min accounting for 76.08%.Conclusion Clinical physicians,pharmacists should attach importance to Qingkailing injection adverse reactions,persist in rational drug use and focus on the observation,after druguse.

A satisfaction survey carried out by Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, found differences of patient satisfaction between locals and overseas patients in consulting environment, outpatient procedure, quality of service, quality of diagnosis and treatment. The patient satisfaction of overseas patients was lower than locals. Especially noteworthy is the low satisfaction of the former for the hospital coloring, privacy in the sector, registration, vocal communication, patient condition statement, nurse attitude and service quality. Real-time improvement in these aspects of medical services has harvested obvious progress. Results of the satisfaction survey provided valuable reference materials for large-scale activities, and ongoing improvement of medical services in the long run.

Adult ; Efficiency ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo discuss the relative association of soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature chang in patients with scapula muscle fasciitis.

METHODSFrom February 2012 to December 2012,29 patients with scapula muscle fasciitis were investigated. There were 10 males and 19 females with an average age of 27.77 years old (ranged from 22 to 40 years old). Routine AP and lateral cervical X-rays were done in all patients. Cervical lordosis was measured according to Borden's method and the pain point tension was measured by soft tissue tension meter. Finally,perform statistic analysis to bove data.

RESULTSLateral X-rays showed 9 cases were normal cervical lordosis, 18 cases were cervical lordosis decreased, 2 cases were cervical lordosis increased. The regression equation of cerical lordosis changes D(Y) and soft tissue tension displacement D0.5 kg (X) was Y = -15.069 + 3.673X.

CONCLUSIONThere is linear relationship between soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature change. With the soft tissue tension increases, the cervical lordosis trend to decrease.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Fasciitis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Scapula ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effect of Silbinin Capsuon serum interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-?in NAFLD patients.Methods 58 patients with NAFLD were randomized into two groups.The treatment group including 29 cases received 70mg of Silbinin Capsules each time,three times a day.The control group including 29 cases received 100mg of goucurolactone tablets each time,three times a day.At the same time,both groups control food and drink and proper physical exercises.One course of treatment was 30 days in the study.Observe the changes of serum ALT,AST,IL-8 and TNF-?before and after treatment.Results The serum level of ALT,AST,IL-8 and TNF-?were improved significantly in both groups after treatment(P

Objective: To study the expression of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL) and IFN ? in gastric cancer and its possible significance. Methods: Fifty eight gastric paraffin wax embedded cancer tissues and fifty three normal tissues adjacent gastric cancer were tested for the expression of Fas and FasL protein by immunohistochemistry and IFN ? mRNA by in situ hubridisation respectively. Results: The positive rate of Fas in cancer cells of gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in gastric epithelial cells of the tissues adjacent cancer(19.0% and 64.2%, respectively; ? 2=23.46, P = 0.00). The positive rate of FasL in cancer cells of gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in gastric epithelial cells of the tissues adjacent cancer(63.8% and 45.3%,respectively; ? 2=3.83, P =0.05). The positive rate of IFN ? in cancer cells of gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in gastric epithelial cells of the tissues adjacent cancer(0.0% and 49.1%,respectively; ? 2=37.16, P =0.00). Conclusion: The Fas-FasL system was unbalanced, and the expression of IFN ? was low in gastric cancer cells in this study. These may be related to the carcinogenesis of gastric epithelial cells and might be responsible for the immune escape of these cells.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical compositions of the volatile oil on the overground parts of India wormwood herbs.METHODS:The chemical compositions of the volatile oil of the overground parts of India wormwood herbs extracted by wet distillation were analyzed by capillary GC-MS method and the relative component percentage of each component was determined by GC area normalization method.RESULTS:52peaks were separated by capillary GC-MS and their corresponding compounds were identified.The main chemical compositions were as follows:?—Caryophyllene(8.245%);10,10—Dimethyl—2,6—dimethylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undecane—5—?—alcohol.(7.089%);6,10,14—trimethyl—2—Pentadecanone(5.199%);Caryophyllene oxide(4.808%),etc.CONCLUSION:This study can be served as a scientific basis for the further exploitation and utilization of India wormwood herbs.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the preparation methods of polyaspartate derivatives as drug delivery systems. DATA SOURCES:An online search of Elselvier,ACS publications and Springerlink between January 1990 and January 2006 was undertaken by using the keywords of "polyaspart*,hydrogels,micelles,complexes" to identify the relevant articles published in English.Meanwhile,Chinese journals full-text database were scanned with computer to search relevant articles published from January 1995 to October 2005,and the keywords were"asparmide,complexes,hydrogels,release" with language limited to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION:All the related data were analyzed to select those were aimed directly at the criteria.As for the arti cles in the same field,those published recently or published in the authority journals were preferred. DATA EXTRACTION:A total of 56 articles about the preparation methods of polyaspartate derivatives as drug delivery systems were collected, and 29 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS:Polyaspartate derivatives are new biodegradable and biocompatible materials.Covalent complexes, hydrogels and micelles,three main drug delivery systems of polyaspartate derivatives,exhibit good biocompatibility and conspicuous effect of control-release.CONCLUSION:With the help of the short synthesis route,simple manipulation,high production rate, the excellent biocompatibility as well as the better hydrophile,the polyaspartate derivatives are prone to reacting with other compounds for the modification.It is noted that the controllability of the control-release systems will be well improved through the researches of the influence factors of the degrading velocity and the new modifying method,additionally,the polyaspartate derivatives will be applied in the drug delivery field widely.