Animals ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

This study aimed to investigate the immune adjuvant effect and mechanism induced by chitosan nanoparticles carrying pJME/GM-CSF. In this study, plasmid DNA (pJME/GM-CSF) was encapsulated in chitosan to prepare chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles using a complex coacervation process. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the type of infiltrating cells at the site of intramuscular injection. The phenotype and functional changes of splenic DCs were measured by flow cytometry after different immunogens were injected intramuscularly. The killing activity of CTLs was assessed using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The preparation of chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles matched the expected theoretical results. Our results also found that, after pJME/GM-CSF injection, the incoming cells were a mixture of macrophages, neutrophils, and immature DCs. Meanwhile, pJME/GM-CSF increased the expression of MHC class II molecules on splenic DCs, and enhanced their Ag capture and presentation functions. Cell-mediated immunity was induced by the vaccine. Furthermore, chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles outperformed the administration of standard pJME/GM-CSF in terms of DC recruitment, antigen processing and presentation, and vaccine enhancement. These findings reveal that chitosan could be used as delivery vector for DNA vaccine intramuscular immunizations, and enhance pJME/GM-CSF-induced cellular immune responses.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; virology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; immunology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Spleen ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; virology ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effects of allogenic intra-bone marrow bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) on re-establishing hematopoiesis in mice. Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) from BALB/ c mice were transplanted into the C57BL/6 mice treated with a lethal dose of ~(60)Coγ-ray radiation through intra-bone marrow injection or intravenous injection. Sixty of the C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups as higher dose intra-bone marrow injection group (IBM1 group), lower dose intra-bone marrow injection group (IBM2 group) and intravenous injection group (IV group). The nucleated cell numbers of whole bone marrow from the tibia of each recipient mouse were counted respectively at the day 1, day 3, day 6 and day 9 after the transplantation. The donor-derived total nucleated cells and myeloid cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Results At 6th day after transplantation, more total bone marrow nucleated cells, total donor-derived nucleated cells and donor-derived myeloid cells in the tibia of injected side in both IBM1 group and IBM2 group were found than that in IV group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with traditional bone marrow transplantation (IV-BMT),IBM-BMT improves the bone marrow hematopoiesis in the early hematopoietic re-establishing stage in allogenic bone marrow transplantation.

BACKGROUND:How to reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases is an urgent concern in the field of public health.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence of adenovirus-mediated NSF-siRNA release from vesoactive substance on the cardiac function of a rat model of myocardial infarction.
METHODS:A total of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were applied to establish acute myocardial infarction models by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. After the model was determined by electrocardiogram successful y, NSF-siRNA adenovirus (experimental group), negative adenovirus (control group) and normal saline (normal saline group) were injected near the infarct area of the left ventricle of rats respectively. After 2 weeks, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was tested with noninvasive ultrasonic cardiogram. Meanwhile, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximum pressure rising speed of left ventricular (dp/dt max) were detected by connecting the right external carotid artery place pipe to the BL-420 biological function experiment system, to evaluate the cardiac function. Subsequently, the rat heart was harvested for serial sections to observe the infarcts range.

Objective The CYP19 gene product enzyme aromatase mediates the conversion of the androgen testosterone to es -tradiol.The aim of this study is to investigate whether the CYP19A1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with the susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and serum hormone levels. Methods We conducted a case-controlled study, which included 373 PCOS patients and 313 healthy controls.We genotyped SNP rs2899470 in the subjects using the polymerase chain re-action-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) method and analyzed the frequencies of genotypes and alleles as well as the association of different genotypes with age , menarchal age, body mass index (BMI), and serum levels of hormones. Results The gen-otypic distributions of rs2899470 GG, TG, and TT in the PCOS women were 44.5%, 49.6%, and 5.9%, respectively, significantly dif-ferent from 39.3%, 48.6%, and 12.1%in the healthy controls (P=0.013).The frequency of the G allele was 69.3%in the former, remarkably higher than 63.6%in the latter (P=0.025).The rs2899470 genotypic frequencies were associated with the serum E 2/T lev-els in the PCOS patients. Conclusion SNP rs2899470 in the CYP19A1 gene is associated with the susceptibility to PCOS , and so is the genotype of rs2899470 with serum E2/T levels, which may be attributed mainly to the reduced activity of aromatase .

AIM: To optimize the extraction process of Myrrha by SFE-CO 2. METHODS: Orthogonal design was applied and GC was used to determine the contents of ?-Elemene in order to optimize the process. RESULTS: The optimized conditions were as follows: pressure 25 MPa, temperature 45 ?C and extraction time 4 h. CONCLUSION: The method of SFE-CO 2 is rapid, convenient in comparison with conventional methods.

AIM:To investigate the changes of visual development produced by monocular atropinization in rats.
METHODS: Twenty normal SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group ( n = 10 ) and atropinization ( experimental) group ( n=10 ) . All the left eyes were selected as the experimental eyes, and the right eyes served as the normal eyes. The left eyes in atropinization group was produced by 1% atropine, 3 times a day and the right eyes in control group was treated with normal saline, 3 times a day. The flash visual evoked potentials ( F-VEP ) and retinoscopy refraction of the rats'both eyes were detected at five time points:0, 7, 14, 21, and 28d after atropinization, respectively. After 28d, six rats were randomly selected from both groups and each group had three rats. The expression of the c- fos mRNA was observed in both visual cortexes. Another six rats were chosen for the same test after 2d dark environment with 2h light later. The expression of c-fos mRNA was detected again.
RESULTS: After 14d anisometropia was observed in experimental group, the difference was 3. 9D ( P<
0.0 5 ) , F-VEP P1 wave of the rats left in experimental group was reached to 88. 9±1. 889ms at 21d, there was statistical difference compared with the right eye ( P<0.05). After 28d, c-fos mRNA expression in the left visual cortex of rats in the experimental group was higher than that of the right side, but there was no significant difference. But when underwent 2h light stimulation after in the darkroom 2d, the c-fos mRNA expression in in the left visual cortex of rats in the experimental group was 5 times higher than that of the right side, there was a statistically significant difference (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: In the critical period of visual development, monocular chronic atropine in rats can form anisometropia, may delay the transmission of the optic nerve, hinder the normal development of the visual cortex. Monocular atropinization in rats can be used as the model of anisometropia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. METHODS: Cells of the rat hepatocyte line BRL were cultured. The hepatocytes were treated with LPS, ERS inducer thapsigargin (TG), and ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), respectively or in their different combination. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The cyto-nuclear morphological changes of apoptosis cells were detected by the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258. The apoptosis rate was assessed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining. Expressions of GRP78 as ERS marker protein, CHOP, caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3 as ERS related protein were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: LPS could cause a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis rate in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The expression of GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased with LPS treatment. TG led to a marked decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis rate, which aggravated the hepatocyte injury induced by LPS; whereas 4-PBA alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION ERS mediates LPS-induced hepatocyte injuries, indicating that ERS may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced hepatocyte injuries.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Survival ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hepatocytes ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Phenylbutyrates ; Rats