Clinical studies have shown that trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve survival in treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer as well as in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for HER2-positive early breast cancer. In patients with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, adding trastuzumab to endocrine therapy improves treatment efficacy. Resistance to trastuzumab may be reversed by incorporating other targeted therapeutic drugs. Patients can still benefit from continuing trastuzumab after their disease progresses.

Child ; Cleidocranial Dysplasia ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography

Aim To establish an animal model of uterine leiomyoma for pathogenesis research and drug screen analysis.Methods Guinea pigs were treated with estradiol benzoate 100 ?g?d~(-1),twice a week,by intramuscular injection for 12 weeks.After the animal were killed,the uteri were dissected out and ultrathin sections were obtained.Compare to that of human being,pathohistologic characteristics were observed under the microscope.Results The uteri treated with estrogen were proliferated and deformated.Uterine nodules were observed in many of the tested animals.According to the results of pathohistology,these cells demonstrate the features of smooth muscle-like cells.Conclusion The uterine leiomyoma induced by estrodiol in guinea pig is similar to that of human being.It has been suggested that the animal model is valuable for pathogenesis research and drug screen analysis,although it still needs more evidence to be demonstrated.

Adult ; Ear Canal ; pathology ; Ear Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Neurofibromatoses

The development of formulas in the Ming Dynasty surpassed the previous dynasties in range and depth.The main achievements of formulas were not only the coming out of Puji Fang and Yifang Kao,but also the diversity of formulas nomenclature and variation,initial perfection of formulas classification and composition,continuous invention of new distinctive formulas,steady increment of remedy books and wide application of preparations.

In the 58th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, some clinical results on B-cell lymphoma were reported. This review will focus on the recent progress of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma in this annual meeting.

[Objective]To sum up Mr. Zhu Xiankang’s clinical experience in treating children multiple tourette syndrome with nourishing kidney to soothe liver and relieving dizziness to remove sputum. [Method] By expounding the reason and mechanism, treating rules and formula of children multiple tourette syndrome, as wel as analyzing typical clinical cases, it expounds Pro. Zhu Xiankang ’s experience in treating the said disease with his method. [Re-sult] In his view, the disease owes to excessive five sensations, wind sputum accumulated inside, with mechanism of deficient kidney and hyperactivity of liver, wind sputum blocking col aterals, should take nourishing kidney to soothe liver and relieving dizziness to remove sputum as basic method;he applied revised Dingchou Decoction to treat 1 case of multiple tourette syndrome; after 3m, the un-automomous spasm disappeared gradual y, the patient had good appetite and sleep, al symptoms were relieved, and he was cured. [Conclusion] Mr. Zhu Xiankang ’s clinical experience in treating children multiple tourette syndrome has enlightenment to pediatrics clinic.

Lymphatic vessels are important for the spread of solid tumors, and recent researches indicated that lymphangiogenic factors(VEGF C and VEGF D)could stimulate lymphangiogenesis in tumors by activating their receptors on the lymphatic endothelial cells, then enhance the incidence of lymph node metastasis. In addition, inhibition of VEGFR 3 signaling could suppress tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis to lymph nodes, thus, inhibition of lymphangiogenesis can be expected to be a new method of blocking tumor metastasis.

Cutaneous wound healing is a complicated multiatep process with numerous mediators that act in a network of activation and inhibition processes. Nonhealing chronic wounds decrease the quality of Life. Recombinant growth factors, currently used in clinic, fail to provide a sustained repair function at the wound due to their inadequate biological availability and transient half-time. Recent attention has focused on gene therapy, which might become a significant treatment modality for those wound healing pathologies refractory to other wound management approaches. This review discusses the potentials and limitations of current genetherapy for the treatment of wounds, current ongoing clinical trials, and possible future directions in this exciting field.

Müller cells, as the special radial glial cells in the retina, span the entire retina, contact with neurons, microvessels and processes in the retina and play a significant role in protecting retinal structure and function.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major ocular complication of diabetic patients.In the progression of DR, diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of vision loss.During the occurrence of DME, the morphological and structural changes of Müller cells including severer swelling and vacuolation of cell bodies, increased apoptosis, and abnormal secretion of cytokines, etc.damage the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), increase the permeability of BRB and accelerate the exudation of subretinal fluid.In addition, Müller cells can disrupt the regulation of K + and water transportation, obstruct the fluid absorption in the subretinal space and promote the formation of DME.However, in the early stage of DR, neurotrophic factors secreted by Müller cells can protect the retina by alleviating retinal edema and protecting optic ganglion cells, suggesting that Müller cells can be used as targets for DME treatment.Therefore, new strategies can be provided by fully exploring the role and mechanism of Müller cells in the formation of DME.In this paper, the mechanism of Müller cells in DME and its protective role in the progression of DME were reviewed.