Purpose To assess the potentia1 of DNA image cytometry and urinary cyto1ogy in screening for urothe1ia1 carcinomas,and to find the idea1 method of ear1y diagnosis of urothe1ia1 cancer. Methods Voided urine specimens from 121 patients with urothe1ia1 carcinoma were random1y co11ected as test group and 95 patients with symptomatic uro1ogic disease but not urothe1ia1 carcinoma as con-tro1 group,a11 of the specimens were ana1yzed by both urinary cyto1ogy and DNA image cytometry. Results Urinary cyto1ogy had a higher sensitivity but 1ower specificity in diagnosis of urothe1ia1 carcinoma than that of DNA cytometry. Urinary cyto1ogy yie1ded an o-vera11 sensitivity of 85. 10%,specificity of 76. 80%. DNA cytometry revea1ed a sensitivity of 81. 80%,specificity of 81. 10%. Among the 121 urothe1ia1 carcinoma,there were 103 b1adder cancers,18 patients with upper urothe1ia1 carcinoma. For different types of urothe1ia1 carcinoma,both of the two methods demonstrated good sensitivity in the high 1eve1 tumor. And DNA cytometry had exce11ent sensitivity in the diagnosis of urothe1ia1 carcinoma in invasive b1adder cancer and upper urinary tract cancer,and both were more than 94%. Conclusions In 1ight of its high1y good sensitivity and specificity in urothe1ia1 carcinoma,especia11y in invasive b1adder cancer and upper urinary tract cancer,DNA cytometry shou1d be used to eva1uate suspect urothe1ia1 ce11s in urinary cyto1ogy specimens. Com-bined with the conventiona1 urinary cyto1ogy,the detection for urothe1ia1 carcinoma wou1d be significant1y improved.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting prognosis of children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas(NHL).Methods Thirty patients of childhood NHL histologically proven in Shanghai children′s medical center from Jan.1996 to Dec.2000 were analyzed.The patients were divided into groups according to some clinical factors that may have predictive significance including age,gender,immunologic phenotype,general system symptom,the size of tumor bulk,bone marrow involvement,mediastinal involvement,hepatomegaly or liver involvement,splenomegaly or spleen involvement and early response to chemotherapy,then the difference of survival rate were compared between groups.Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method,and difference between groups were campared using the Log-rank test.Results The 3-year survival rate was better in patients without giant tumor bulk than that with giant tumor bulk(P0.05).Conclusions Bone marrow involvement and the size of tumor bulk have very significant influence on prognosis of childhood NHL,and splenomegaly or spleen involvement have significant influence on disease-free survival.It can′t be proven in childhood NHL in this study.

Objective To observe the effect of selenium on the ACTH positive cells in the pars distalis of pituitary of rat with colon mucosa cancer induced by azoxymethane(AOM).Methods Twenty 3 weeks old Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal control group;the experimental control group;the selenium before AOM induced colon mucosa cancer group;the selenium after AOM induced colon mucosa cancer group.To induce rat colon mucosa cancer,3 weeks old SD male rats received(i.p.) injections of AOM at a dose of 15mg/kg once a week for two weeks.Selenium(Na_2SeO_3,4mg/L) began to be provided in the drinking water before and after AOM administration,and lasted for the whole experiment period.The rat pituitary tissues were excised from the 34 weeks old rats.The morphological changes of the ACTH positive cells in the pars distalis of pituitary were observed using immunohistochemical methods,and then the results were analyzed by image analysis system.Results Aberrant crypt foci(ACF) and aberrant crypt(AC) were showed in the colon mucosa of rats that received two weekly i.p.injections of AOM by light microscopy with methylene blue staining.The ACTH positive cells in the experimental group rat displayed a significant increase compared with those in the normal control group rat(P

Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Syndrome

Objective To investigate the expression of Ezrin in gastric cancer tissues and its clinical significance.Methods Gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal gastric tissues from 60 patients with gastric cancer were collected from June 2008 to May 2009 at the Southwest Hospital.The mRNA and protein expressions of Ezrin were detected by using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot.The relationship between Ezrin and the gender and age of patients,and tumor differentiation,pathological staging,depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis was analyzed.All data were analyzed using the t test,chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation.Results The Ezrin mRNA expression level was increased in 33 (55％) cases of adjacent normal gastric tissues and 21 (35％) cases of gastric cancer tissues; the Ezrin protein expression level was increased in 45 (75％) cases of adjacent normal gastric tissues and 22 (37％) cases of gastric cancer tissues.The mRNA and protein expressions of Ezrin in the normal adjacent gastric tissues were 1.30 ± 0.04 and 3.57 ± 0.45,respectively,which were significantly higher than 0.53 ± 0.36 and 0.96 ± 0.18 in the gastric cancer tissues ( t =5.309,22.617,P ＜ 0.05 ).The mRNA expression of Ezrin was positively correlated with the protein expression of Ezrin (r =0.602,P ＜ 0.05 ).The mRNA and protein expressions of Ezrin were related to the pathological stages,depth of invasion and state of lymph node metastasis (x2 =6.41,6.49,4.62; 5.40,8.87,4.12,P ＜ 0.05),but not to the gender,age and tumor differentiation (x2 =0.50,0.07,1.07 ; 0.01,1.16,1.96,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The mRNA and protein expressions of Ezrin are significantly decreased in the gastric cancer tissue,which might be responsible for genesis,development and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein-serine-threonine kinases(Akt) signal transduction pathway in EphB receptor-mediated neuropathic pain in rats.Methods Forty-eight pathogen-free male SD rats aged 2-3 months weighing 150-180 g were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =8 each):groups sham operation (groups S1 and S2 ); groups chronic constrictive injury (CCI) (groups C1and C2 ) and groups EphBI-Fc (EphB receptor antagonist) + CCI (groups E1 and E2 ).Neuropathic pain was induced by placing 4 ligatures on left sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 5-0 silk thread in groups C1,C2,E1 and E2.EphBI-Fc 0.5 μg in 5 μl normal saline was injected intrathecally 1 h before operation and at 1 and 2 d after operation (group E1 ) or on 5th day after operation (group E2).Normal saline 5 μl was injected intrathecally instead of EphBI-Fc 1 h before operation and at 1 and 2 days after operation (groups S1 and C1 ) or on 5th day after operation (groups S2 and C2 ).Pain withdrawal latency to noxious thermal stimulation (PWL) and pain withdrawal threshold to noxious mechanical stimulation (PWT) were measured before operation and at 1,3 and 5 d after operation.The animals were sacrificed at 5 d after operation after measurement of pain threshold.The lumbar segment of spinal cord (L4-6) was removed for determination of c-Fos,PI3K and phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt) expression.Results CCI significantly reduced PWL and PWT and up-regulated spinal c-Fos,PI3K and p-Akt expression in groups C1 and C2 as compared with groups S1 and S2.EphB1-Fc significantly decreased hyperalgesia and the upregulated spinal Fos,PI3K and p-Akt protein expression induced by CCI in groups E1 and E2 as compared with groups C1 and C2.Conclusion Spinal EphB receptor is involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain through PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the applicability and superiority of modified Seldinger technique (MST).MethodsTotally 108 patients receiving peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) through vascular ultrasound combined with MST technology were enrolled as MST group and another 108 patients receiving PICC using traditional direct vision method as control group.The first puncture success rate,PICC succesa rate,catheterization time required,and early complication rate were compared between these two groups.ResultsThe first puncture success rate was 88.89％ in MST group and 72.22％ in control group (P=0.002) ; the catheterization success rate was 82.41％ in MST group and 57.41％ in control group ( P =0.000).In the MST group,there were two cases where the catheter within neck was ectopic ( P =0.003 ),two cases experienced bleeding at the puncture sites (P =0.017),three cases had phlebitis (P =0.001 ),and one case suffered from catheter blockage (P=0.010).In the eontrol group,the corresponding numbers were 13,10,18,and 9.However,the time required for PICC showed no significant difference between these two groups (P=0.685).In the MST group,15 cases were catheterized in less than 15 minutes,72 cases between 15 and 25 minutes,and 21 cases for more than 25 minutes.In the control group,12 cases were catheterized in less than 15 minutes,70 cases between 15 and 25 minutes,and 26 cases for more than 25 minutes.ConclusionPICC through MST can be more effective in positioning the targeting blood vessels,increasing the success rate of catheter insertion,reducing various tissue damages,and lowering potential complications.

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is well known to negatively regulate T cells responses, but its role in burn-induced T cells immune suppression remains unclear. In the present study, in order to identify the relationship between Tim-3 expression and post-burn T cells immune suppression, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to burn injury or sham injury, and the liver and spleen were harvested at the day 1 after operation. The expression level of Tim-3 on hepatic or splenic T cells and the functional properties of Tim-3(+) T cells were evaluated. It was found burn injury induced dramatically elevated Tim-3 expression on both hepatic and splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in contrast with the post-burn depletion of T cells. Furthermore, Tim-3 expression was correlated with the suppressive phenotype of T cells following burn injury, including increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, reduced T cell proliferation and elevated co-expression of Tim-3 and PD-1. Moreover, Tim-3(+) T cells subsets were more prone to spontaneous apoptosis than Tim-3(-) T cells subsets. Our findings reinforce the idea that the up-regulated expression of Tim-3 on T cells after burn injury plays an important role in the development and maintenance of burn-induced T cell immune suppression.

Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods The clinical data of 114 200 inpatients from June 2002 to June 2008, including gender, age, smoking history, primary disease and risk factors, were reviewed. Results There were 1445(1.27%) cases with venous thromboembolism (VTE), while 1433(1. 25%) patients suffered from DVT and 153(0. 13%) patients suffered from PTE, 16(11. 11 %) patients were dead of PTE. Of all the DVT patients, there were 1348(94. 1%) cases with DVT of lower limbs with no significant difference between left or right lower limb (P>0. 05). There were 49(3.4%) cases with inferior vena cava, 23(1.6%) cases with cavitas pelvis veins and 13(0. 9%) cases with upper extremity veins. The peak ages of morbidity were between 51 to 60 years. Conclusions The incidence of VTE is increasing with ageing and there is no significant difference between males and females. The most common risk factors for thromboembolism include trauma, surgery, cardiac and pulmonary disease, age over 50 years, deep phlebitis, long-term smoking, cancer, pregnancy, childbirth, braking, history of VTE, etc. We may lower the incidence and mortality of VTE by strengthening prevention work according to the high risk factors.

Objective To investigate the roles of a variety of cytokines including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the differentiation of CD+4 Tlymphocyte cells.Methods T lymphocyte cells either in human peripheral blood or routine spleen were cultured in vitro under different stimulation conditions.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the percentages of CD+4IL-17+ T-helper 17(Th17) cells,CD+8 IL-17+ T cells,CD+4 CD+25 FOXP+3 T regulatory (Treg) cells among activated T cells.Results Differentiation of Treg cells,Th17 cells and CD+8 IL-17+ T lymphocyte cells was enhanced when murine splenic T cells were cultured with TGF-β.The levels of expression were (7.8±2.2)%,(12.6±3.1)%,(10.1±2.6)% ,respectively.Experimental control group was severally same type of T cells without cytokine treatment.The levels of expression were (4.8±0.6) %,(1.7±0.5) %,(1.0±0.4) %,respectively.There were statistically significant differences among them (q=4.09,8.80,9.61.P<0.05 or P<0.01).Under combination treatment with IL-6 and TGF-β,(17.8±5.3) % Th17 cells and (15.0±4.2)% CDCD+8 IL-17CD+ T cells were induced,whereas the levels of Treg cells whose differentiation were restrained were (4.1±1.2) %.The differences were statistically significant compared with the level of same type of T cells in TGF-β group (q=5.03,5.17,5.04,P<0.01).Moreover,combination treatment with IL-2 and TGF-β decreased percentages of Th17 and CDCD+8 IL-17CD+ T cells and increased percentages of Treg cells in T cell population.There was an opposite effect when anti-IL-2 was apphed.The percentages of Th17 and CD+8 IL-17+ T cells were increased and the percentages of Treg cells were reduced The regulation trend of T lymphocyte cells in human peripheral blood was similar with those in routine spleen.Conclusion Various cytokines are of great importance in the regulation of the balance between Th17 and Treg cell.