Allergic diseases such as allergic asthma, allergic der-matitis, allergic rhinitis, are polygenic diseases, involving the interaction between the environment, genes and immunity. In the past few decades, the incidence rate of allergic diseases in-creased predominantly and influenced the quality of people's lives seriously, so looking for new targets for the prevention and treat-ment of allergic diseases and drugs with less adverse reaction be-comes a hot topic for researchers. MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that mediate nega-tively posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by targe-ting specific mRNA sequences to inhibit the translation of mR-NAs. They are widely involved in the biological processes of cell differentiation, immune response and tumor development. The study shows that miRNAs can control the occurrence and devel-opment of allergic diseases. Studying the regulatory role of miR-NAs in allergic diseases has important implications for exploring the immunopathological mechanisms and discovering new thera-peutic targets of drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the economics of interferon α1b and α2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. METH-ODS:By retrospective study,114 patients with chronic hepatitis C who received interferon were selected,60 patients received interfer-on α1b were divided into group A and 54 patients received interferon α2b were divided into group B. Negative conversion rate of HCV-RNA,normalization rate of ALT and the incidence of ADR in 2 groups were compared,and pharmacoeconomic analysis was conducted. RESULTS:Negative conversion rates of HCV-RNA in group A in 4,12,24,36,48 weeks were 55.00%,71.67%, 63.33%,61.67% and 65.00%,group B were 64.81%,66.67%,62.96%,55.56% and 61.11%,respectively,there were no signifi-cant differences between 2 groups (P>0.05);after treatment,normalization rate of ALT in group A was 95.23%,group B was 96.10%,there was no significant difference between 2 groups(P>0.05);and there were no significant differences in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05),so cost-minimization analysis was used to evaluate pharmacoeconomics. Therapy cost in group A was 13 216.56 yuan,group B was 7 929.60 yuan,group B was lower to group A;sensitivity analysis received the same results. CON-CLUSIONS:Interferonα2b is more economical thanα1b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; pathology

A 26?year?old male patient presented with facial depigmented patches for 10 years, some of which turned to blue?grey 7 years prior to the presentation. Before the white patches turned blue?gray, the patient developed contact dermatitis due to topical application of self?made drugs. Skin examination showed blue?gray hyperpigmentation on the left upper lip and in the temporal region, with white hairs in the hyperpigmented lesions on the left upper lip. Dermoscopy revealed irregularly shaped, light to dark blue?gray patches on the left upper lip, which were intermingled with white patches in some regions, and white hair stubs were observed in the white patches. Histopathological examination of temporal lesions showed decreased melanocytes in some regions in the epidermis, pigmentation in both basal and suprabasal layers, perivascular infiltration of a small number of chronic inflammatory cells and melanophages in the superficial dermis, and melanophage infiltration around sweat ducts. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with blue vitiligo. He refused to receive any treatments, and follow?up was under way.

Objective To evaluate the distribution of fetal abnormal chromosome karyotype in mid-pregnancy and analyse the possible misdiagnosis risks of molecular techniques in clinical prenatal diagnosis.Methods Fetal karyotype ( fetal cell collected from amniotic fluid ) in Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Zhejiang Province between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed on distribution according to 7 different referral indication:positive screening for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, advanced maternal age , abnormal history of pregnancies , abnormal family history , fetal structural abnormalities and others.The combination of trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 ( T21/18/13 Group) and the aneuploidies of chromosome 21, 18, 13, X, Y (21/18/13/X/Y Group) were further analyzed based on the current molecular target detection range.Results There were 462 cases out of 12 481 with chromosomal abnormality (3.60%, 462/12 841), with 215 cases of high risk (detection rate 1.67%, 215/12 841) and 247 cases of low risk (detection rate 1.92%, 247/12 841).Under different indications , the detection rate on abnormal chromosome of high risk (high-risk CA) is different,“abnormal fetal ultrasound” is the highest(27.27%,24/88).Among the high-risk CA, T21/18/13 Group accounted for 72.56%(156/215), while the 21/18/13/X/Y Group accounted for 94.88%(204/215).For the 7 regular indications , the high-risk CA distribute different;Except the T21/18/13 Group and 21/18/13/X/Y Group, the rates of other abnormal chromosome karyotype in the high risk CA were 0.28%( 2/719 )-12.5%( 11/88 ) and 0.06%( 4/6 915 )-1.14%( 1/88 ) according to different indication, respectively.Conclusions The distribution of abnormal karyotype were different under different referral indication;the detection power and possible misdiagnosis risks were varied under different indication for each molecular technique.It was suggested that doctors should select suitable molecular technique according to different clinical indications and each molecular method has its own limitations .

Objective To investigate the expression of PD-1 on CD4 +and CD8 + T cells in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB)treated with telbivudine.Methods Fifty-six HBeAg-positive CHB patients admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during January 201 3 and June 201 4 were enrolled in this study.The expression of PD-1 on CD4 +and CD8 + T cells was detected with flow cytometry at baseline,24,48 and 72 wks after telbivudine treatment.The relationship of PD-1 expression with alanine aminotransferase (ALT)level,HBeAg seroconversion and HBV DNA loads was analyzed.t test and completely random variance analysis were used to analyze the data.Results The PD-1 expression on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells at baseline was higher in patients with low ALT levels compared to those with high ALT levels(t =1 2.20 and 9.69,both P <0.01 ),while higher levels of PD-1 expression was also observed in patients with high HBV DNA load (≥5 lgIU /mL)compared to those with low HBV DNA load (t =4.39 and 4.85,both P <0.01 ).PD-1 levels on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells presented a declining trend after telbivudine treatment(F =6.98 and 8.97,both P <0.01 ),PD-1 expression in patients with HBeAg seroconversion showed lower levels compared with baseline values (t =1 8.45 and 1 8.01 ,both P <0.01 ). Conclusion In HBeAg-positive CHB patients,the expression of PD-1 on CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes shows a decreasing trend during the treatment with telbivudine,indicating that antiviral therapy may alleviate the immunosuppression in these patients.

Bronchial asthma is a kind of respiratory disease which affects people 's life quality seriously. Many factors in-volved in the occurrence and development of such disease, of which the aberrant expression of E-cad plays a critical role in it. Research found that E-cad is an important cell adhesion molecu-lar, and its main function is to maintain the structural integrity of cells and participate in the improvement of airway remodeling as well as restoration of immune function. Further study showed that the role of mucosal barrier of airway epithelial cells in bronchial asthma patients was often damaged. Moreover, the protein ex-pression of E-cad decreased significantly in mucosal molecular, which suggested that the abnormal expression of E-cad was in-volved in the development of bronchial asthma. A review on the relations between the abnormal expression of E-cad protein and bronchial asthma has been discussed in this paper, also it in-cludes the discussion about the mechanisms of E-cad’ s disorder-induced bronchial asthma as well as explores the strategies of bronchial asthma treatment, which may provide references for the follow-up research and clinical treatment.

The theory of medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the core theories of TCM, which is an important basis for guiding the clinical application of TCM and the key supporting point for the modernization of TCM. How to study the modernization of TCM under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory has become a great challenge for modern researchers. Currently, the researches in TCM mainly focus on chemical studies such as on active ingredients and effective components, lacking the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, and losing the inherent characteristics of TCM. Therefore, the combination of the theory of TCM and the modernization of TCM and the establishment of research mode that is in line with the characteristics of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine under guidance by the theory of medicinal properties of TCM shall be the top priority in modern Chinese medicine research. The property and flavor of TCM are closely related to its chemical compositions, and also have certain regularity. The researches on the chemical components of TCM, systematic design of property and flavor, as well as the separation and combination of TCM property and flavor are beneficial to the overall analysis of the characteristics of TCM, showing great significance to inherit and carry forward TCM. The pharmacological effects about separation and combination methods based on TCM property and flavor were reviewed in this study, providing theoretical reference for the development of new drugs and the application of TCM.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children .Methods A retrospective study was performed in patients who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty ( Anderson-Hynes ) at our institution between January 2014 to August 2014.Totally 6 boys were diagnosed as left ureteropelvic junction obstruction depending on the symptoms and radiographic studies .The mean age was 9 years ( range 4 -12 years ) .Results The procedure was performed successfully without conversion to open surgery in all of the cases .Mean operative time was 216 min (range 175-269 min), with a mean robotic anastomosis time of 45 min (range 30-60 min).Mean estimated blood loss was less than 15 ml.The mean hospitalization was 4.5 days.Mean follow-up period was 10 months ( range 7 -14 months ) .There were no perioperative complications , and recovery was uncomplicated (without recurrence, pyelonephritis, nephrarctia) in all of the patients.Conclusion Robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty can be safely performed in children older than 4-year-old with ureteropelvic junction obstruction .

Objective To examine the effects of gross tumor volume (GTV) and radiation dose on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with whole body gamma knife.Methods The clinical data of 69 HCC patients who underwent body gamma knife treatment from January 2012 to June 2015 in the Radiotherapy Center of the PLA General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.Based on a 50% or 60% isodose coverage of the planning target volume (PTV), patients were treated with a radiation dose of 4-5 Gy per fraction, and a total marginal dose of 36-50 Gy (median dose 45 Gy).Short-term efficacy, overall survival (OS), and the adverse effect of the treatment were evaluated.The optimal cut-off tumor volume was identified using the receiver operating characteristic curve, and survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model, respectively.Results The overall short-term response rate of the 69 patients was 67%.The 1-and 2-year OS rates were 62% and 40%, respectively, with a median survival of 18.6 months.The multivariate analysis showed that gross tumor volume (GTV)<93 cm3(P=0.013) and short-term efficacy of radiotherapy (P=0.000) were significant independent prognostic factors for survival.When GTV was<93 cm3, prognosis was significantly better in patients treated with a dose of ≥45 Gy than in those with<45 Gy (P=0.019).In contrast, radiation dose had no significant effect on survival among patients with GTV>93 cm3(P=0.665).Conclusions GTV is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of HCC patients.Although high-dose radiotherapy provides survival benefits to patients with small GTV, it is not necessarily suitable for patients with large GTV.