To know the characteristics of Shuxuening injection used on cerebral infarction patients in clinical practice, 6 053 cases of Hospital information system (HIS) data from 20 hospitals were analyzed. Using the basic description method and association rules to analysis the data. By analysis the data we found that the average age of cerebral infarction patients who used Shuxuening injection is 67.96, 83.94% of patients were aged 46-80. The injection is administered intravenously,with most patients receiving a dosage of 15-20 mL per dose for between 1 and 14 days. It is always combined with aspirin (48.508%), cinepazide maleate injection (22.073%), atorvastatin calcium tablets (18.873%) in clinical practice. When it comes to two drug combinations, it always combined with cinepazide maleate injection and aspirin (8.178%), nicergoline capsules and aspirin (7.63%). Therefore, based on existing data, we give the conclusion that for the treatment of cerebral infarction Shuxuening injection is mainly used for older patients, and is often combination with similar pharmacological effects chemical drugs, which is complied with the guidelines. However, the wrong dose is still exist, doctors should realize the hiding risk.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

The safety of drugs has been the important issue that has caught the mutual attention of clinicians and patients. Kidney is one of the important organs in drug metabolism. The study is based on hospital information system (HIS) data from 20 nationwide general hospitals, indicated by Scr and BUN. Generalized boosted models (GBM) based on propensity score method were used to balance confounding factors. The study contrasts changes on renal function between used Shuxuening injection patients and the unused to explore whether Shuxuening injection affects renal function in clinical. The results showed that Shuxuening injection is likely to affect Scr in logistic regression (P value is 0.035); after the logistic regression based on propensity score method (P value became 0.513, 0.590), no differences were found between the two groups; before and after the logistic regression based on propensity score method (P value was less than 0.05), Shuxuening injection possibly affects BUN. Nevertheless, this study is a retrospective analysis. Logistic regression based on propensity score method can control the known confounding factors very well, while there may be the unknown ones. Therefore, the further exploration is required to monitor whether Shuxuening injection affects really BUN, which will provide clinical guidance for Shuxuening injection safe application.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Tanreqing injection is suitable for early pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute exacerbations of chronic, and upper respiratory tract infection which are classified with phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine. To understand the clinical adaptation syndromes and medication characteristics of the post-market Tanreqing injection, the research team of the paper monitored the patients who are used with Tanreqing injection from September 2012 to October 2013 in four leader hospitals based on the method--prospective, multi-center, large sample, registration-type hospital centralized monitoring,and analyzes the general information, diagnostic information and medication characteristics of patients, in order to produce evidence for clinical practice and medication decisions and to establish the foundation of rational drug use.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEUse propensity score methods to explore the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SQFZ) on ALT and AST lever of real worlds.

METHODHIS data from 18 hospitals was analyzed. Patients ranging from 18 to 80 years, it were divided into the cases group was used Shenqi Fuzheng injection > 21 days under the instruction, and control group used SQFZ ≤ 21 days. A large number of confounding biases are taken into account through the generalized boosted models (GBM) and multiple logistic regression model to estimate the treatment effects of SQFZ on abnormal changes in ALT and AST index and to explore possible influencing factors.

RESULTSventy and one confounding factors had been counterpoised, stratified analysis showed that the abnormal changes of cases group lower than control group, but not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONAnalysis of HIS database showed that significant effects of SQFZ on abnormal changes in ALT and AST have not been found. The results of this study form the retrospective data, for the purpose of validating its clinical safety should be have a prospective clinical study of large sample.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Injections ; Liver ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

To investigate the relationship among serum vascular endothelial cells(VE) -cadherin, advanced glycation end-products( AGE), and atherosclerotic lesion. 20 healthy subjects and 60 patients with diabetes mellitus,including 30 patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CI), were enrolled.Soluble VE-cadherin and AGE were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). The relationships among the concentration of soluble VE-cadherin, AGE, and the course of the disease, blood glucose, and blood lipid levels were analyzed with multivariant stepwise regression analysis. The levels of serum VE-cadherin and AGE in the patients with diabetes and CI were higher than those in control group( P＜0. 05 ). There was a significant difference in VE-cadherin between the diabetes group and the CI group( P＜0. 05 ). Serum VE-cadherin levels were positively correlated with serum AGE levels(r = 0. 69, P＜0. 01 ). AGE levels were positively correlated with the diabetes duration ( r = 0. 31, P =0. 02 ). The levels of serum VE-cadherin in diabetic patients are positively correlated with their serum AGE levels. The VE-cadherin seems to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis caused by AGE.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the formulation of correct antifungal treatment strategy,and to promote stan-dard use of antifungal agent. METHODS:A retrospective survey was conducted for 138 haematologic patients from May 2013 to May 2014 in a third grade class A hospital,of whom all had used antifungal drugs during hospitalization. We collected all patients' information and analyzed it statistically. RESULTS:Of 138 haematologic patients,3 were proven IFD (all were Candida infec-tion),6 were probable IFD,12 were possible IFD,and 117 were undefined IFD. The positive rates of fungi pathogenic detection, fungal smear,G-test,and GM-test were 15.3%,9.4%,6.4% and 23.4% respectively. 6 kinds of antifungal were used,and vori-conazole had the highest frequency,followed by fluconazole,itraconazole,amphotericin B,caspofungin and micafungin. 62.3%patients used only one kind of antifungal,but 15.9% patients used 2 or more kinds of antifungal. The average medication course was 20.5 days(1 day to 125 days). Irrational drug use showed improper drug selection,unreasonable dose,and replacing antifun-gal with insufficient basis. CONCLUSIONS:The antifungal use in haematologic patients in the hospital is consistent with the re-quirements of guidelines,but there are still some issues as insufficient antifurgal drug treatment course to be further standardized.

A system analysis about the microbial flora of normal and abnormal soybean sauce liquor from the high-salt-level watery state fermentation was made and the dominant bacteria and yeasts were identified.On the other hand,a discussion of effect of temperature on microbial flora was made.The results indicated that there were no obvious differences about the count of aerobe,spore-producing bacteria,enterobacteriaceae,lactic acid bacteria and anaerobe between the normal and abnormal soybean sauce liquor and there were marked differences about the count of yeasts and salt-tolerant bacteria.The predominant yeasts in normal soybean sauce were Torulopsis and Saccharomyces,accounting for 55.9% and 35.3% of the total yeasts separately,and in abnormal soybean sauce were Pichia,candida and Saccharomyces,accounting for 62.8%,17.9% and 9.0% respectively.

These years with industrial antiseptics and disinfectants widely used, especially unscientifically used, the resistance of microorganisms is more and more serious, which brought much more difficulties to industrial producing. The developments on the resistance of microorganisms to industrial antiseptics and disinfectants, their resistant mechanisms and the control strategies are reviewed, which aids us to reasonably use industrial organic antiseptics and disinfectants in existence and provides academic and scientific basis.

In the last several years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made much progress in the treatment of neurological diseases. The living space of TCM in neurological diseases lies in refractory diseases, aging and chronic diseases caused by multiple factors as well as sub-health state and chronic fatigue state. The effect model of TCM mainly consists of whole effect, self-organization, self-stable model, holographic effect and butterfly effect. The effective point of TCM in neurological diseases lies mainly in end-points and health-related events. Moreover, TCM has advantages in the evaluation of symptoms, syndrome and quality of life (QOL). Some key indexes should be included when evaluating the efficacy of TCM in neurological diseases. Meanwhile, the advantages of TCM such as end-points, health-related events and QOL should be highlighted. Multi-subject researching methods could be adopted to make a comprehensive evaluation of subjective and objective indexes. The clinical evidence on the TCM efficacy evaluation may come from RCTs, and other types of designs can also be considered.
Aging ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVETo create a 3-dimensional finite element model of knee ligaments and to analyse the stress changes of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) with or without displaced movements at different knee flexion conditions.

METHODSA four-major-ligament contained knee specimen from an adult died of skull injury was prepared for CT scanning with the detectable ligament insertion footprints, locations and orientations precisely marked in advance. The CT scanning images were converted to a 3-dimensional model of the knee with the 3-dimensional reconstruction technique and transformed into finite element model by the software of ANSYS. The model was validated using experimental and numerical results obtained by other scientists. The natural stress changes of LCL at five different knee flexion angles (0 degree, 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree, 120 degree) and under various motions of anterior-posterior tibial translation, tibial varus rotation and internal-external tibial rotation were measured.

RESULTSThe maximum stress reached to 87%-113% versus natural stress in varus motion at early 30 degree of knee flexions. The stress values were smaller than the peak value of natural stress at 0 degree (knee full extension) when knee bending was over 60 degree of flexion in anterior-posterior tibial translation and internal-external rotation.

CONCLUSIONLCL is vulnerable to varus motion in almost all knee bending positions and susceptible to anterior-posterior tibial translation or internal-external rotation at early 30 degree of knee flexions.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; physiology ; Collateral Ligaments ; physiology ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; physiology ; Stress, Mechanical