From the current reality of weak legal consciousness of medical students and based on summing up the training status on legal awareness of medical students in China, this paper proposes some countermeasures such as strengthening the educational work of training medical students' legal awareness,improving the cultivation of their spirit of the law and establishing the legal awareness of medical workers,etc.

To introduce professor YAN De-xin's experience in diffrerentiating and treating Emeda with Heart Involved from qi and flood He thinks that pathogenesis of Emeda with Heart Involved is water overflowing due to yang deficiency,internal retention of blood stasis and turbidity.So this disease can be differentiated from these aspects including the disturbance of the functional activities of the lung,failure to transform body fluid;body fluid transformed by blood stasis,simultaneous disorders of both blood and body fluid;deficiency of pectoral qi,derangement of qi and blood.What's more,he proposes the application of drugs for warming yang and promoting blood circulation is very important.

Oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cytosine phosphate-guanosine motif(CpG ODN) may induce high expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, HLA I and HLAⅡ molecules on dendritic cells(DC) and stimulate DC to produce high level of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-? and IFN-?. CpG ODN is demonstrated in vivo to be a very potent adjuvant for Th1 cells, regulating Th0 cells to develop toward Th1 cells. Its role for DC is characteristics of CpG ODN sequence specificity and species specificity. CpG ODN is, at present, considered as a pathogen associated molecular pattern which binds its specific receptor,Toll-like receptor 9,then functions through TLR/IL-1R signaling pathway. It may represent a new therapeutic drug for broad applications in infectious disease, autoimmune disease, allergy and cancer therapy.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of syncope by analyzing its etiology.Methods Ninety-six syncope patients admitted to our hospital from 2014-01-01 to 2016-12-21were included in this study.The etiology of syncope was analyzed.Results Of the 96 syncope patients included in this study,50 (52.1 ％) were diagnosed with nerve-mediated reflex syncope,31(32.3％) with orthostatic hypotensive syncope,10 (10.4％) with cardiogenic syncope due to arrhythmia,coronary atherosclerotic cardiopathy or pulmonary embolism,5 (5.2％) with other diseases.Conclusion Nerve-mediated reflex,orthostatic hypotension and cardiogenic factors are the causes of syncope.Attention should thus be paid to syncope caused by nervous system diseases.Clarification of the risk factors for syncope helps to reduce its potential risk.

0.05).Conclusions Long-term or short-term use of OXC can affect serum levels of thyroid hormones in children with epilepsy,so serum levels of thyroid hormones shall be monitored regularly in epileptic children treated with OXC.

0.05).Thyroid follicular volume of VPA group slightly reduced;thyroid follicular volume of OXC group increased while epithelial cells thinning;thyroid structure of LEV group had no alterations;thyroid follicular volume of OXC plus LEV group and VPA plus LEV group had no consistent alterations.Conclusions Long-term application of VPA and OXC may arouse alterations of thyroid structure and hormone secretion.LEV has no effection on thyroid function,with VPA and OXC combined usage can reduce their effection on thyroid gland.Thyroid hormone level should be monitored when using anti-epileptic drugs(ADES) long-term in clinical work.

There is a new research model named 'registry study/patient registry' in Western medicine, which could be referred to by Chinese medicine researchers, such as active safety surveillance. This article will introduce registry study from different aspects as the developing history, features, and application in order to inform Chinese medicine researchers of future studies.
Marketing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; economics ; Phytotherapy ; adverse effects ; economics ; Registries ; Safety Management ; methods

There has been much difference between effectiveness and harm in evidence evaluation. Many evidence ranking or grading systems have been developed'by researchers in the world. However, no evidence ranking or grading systems are based on safety research reality. Those existing evidence ranking or grading systems are prone to evaluating effectiveness evidence not proper for harm evidence. It is necessary to develop a new system for harm evidence. We put forward to establishing the body of evidence for harm for postmarketing traditional Chinese medicine as required by our daily research work. We do hope such an ideal could be helpful and indicative for evidence evaluation for harm.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

AIM:To investigate the effect of different cutting centers on the visual acuity, refractive diopter and visual quality of patients undergoing laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).METHODS: A total of 80 patients (160 eyes) with myopia treated by elective LASIK were divided into two groups.Thirty-six cases (72 eyes) with visual axis corneal reflection point (VACRP) as the cutting center were included into the VACRP group while 44 cases (88 eyes) with pupil center (PC) as the cutting center were included into the PC group.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive diopter, corneal aberration [total corneal and anterior corneal surface higher-order aberrations (HOA), spherical aberration (Z40), vertical coma (Z3-1), horizontal coma (totZ31) and offset of cutting centers were determined before surgery and 1mo after surgery.RESULTS: There was no difference in the probability of UCVA ≥ 0.1, BCVA and refractive diopter between the two groups at 1mo after surgery (P>0.05).The astigmatism and cutting center deviation of VACRP group were lower than those of PC group (P<0.05).The totHOA, totZ40, totZ3-1, totZ31, froHOA, froZ3-1、froZ31 and froZ40 were lower in VACRP group than PC group at 1mo after surgery (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The UCVA of patients treated with both cutting centers for LASIK is good but VACRP has more advantages in reducing the offset of cutting center and improving postoperative visual quality.

Objective To assay the level of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls and compare the difference between SLE group and control group, and to analyze between the level of NETs and related laboratory parameters. Methods Forty-four females patients with SLE were recruited as research subjects, with 24 cases in the active stage and 20 in stable stage. Forty-two healthy female volunteers matched in age were enrolled as control subjects. The fluorescence intensity of NETs in neutrophils was detected by fluorospectrophotometry. The concentration of neutrophil elastase in plasma was quantitatively detected. Statistical analysis of the difference of level of NETs between the SLE group and control group was conducted. Then the correlation between the fluorescence intensity of NETs and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and anti-histone, and anti-nucleosome, and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) was analyzed respectively. The same tests were conducted for the level of NE. The results of the two groups were compared using analysis of variance and the relevance was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. NETs morphosis was observated by immunoflurescence method, and the difference of NETs between SLE group and control group was analyzed. Results ① The fluorescence intensity of NETs was significantly increased in SLE group(241±139) than that in the control group (173±135), (t=2.31, P<0.05).②The concentration of NE in the SLE group (102±47) was significantly higher than that in the control group (62±22), t= 4.38, P<0.01. No difference of NETs [(274±168) vs (211±102), t=1.52, P>0.05] and NE concentration [(104±43) vs (96±48), t=0.50, P>0.05] between SLE active stage and stable stage was detected. ③ The fluorescence intensity of NETs in SLE patients was positively correlated with SLEDAI, but had no obvious correlation with anti-dsDNA, anti-histone, anti-nucleosome, CRP or ESR, respectively. ④Images under confocal microscope showed that more NETs generated by PMN from SLE patients than that from controls. Conclusion The generation of NETs is enhanced in female patients with SLE. And NETs may relate to disease activity. However, NETs may not induce the production of autoantibodies.