Aged ; Astragalus Plant ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; adverse effects ; Low Back Pain ; etiology ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; adverse effects

Animals ; Intestines ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Meperidine ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rabbits

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Cerebral Infarction ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Humans ; Recovery of Function ; Time Factors

Adult ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; complications ; diagnosis ; Hoarseness ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Prognosis

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Carcinoma ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics

Antigens, Viral ; metabolism ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza B virus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic characteristics of measles viruses circulating in Zhejiang province in 2005.

METHODS4 groups of measles viruses isolated in outbreaks and the H and N gene were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PCR products were purified, sequenced and data was analyzed.

RESULTSAll of the 4 measles isolates belonged to genotype H1 which had been a main genotype containing all of the isolates in China. The isolates shared 99.2% -99.7% identity of amino acid sequence on H and 99.8% identity of amino acid sequence on N gene. When comparing to the China vaccine strain (Shanghai 191), there were 95.2%-95.5% homogeneties and 95.5% homogeneties on H and N gene respectively.

CONCLUSIONData from phylogenic trees of H and N gene revealed that the wide-type measles viruses circulating in Zhejiang province in 2005 all belonged to genotype H1. There were obvious differences on genetic characteristics between the isolates and the genotype A (Shanghai 191).

Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Measles ; epidemiology ; Measles virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between influenza epidemic and genetic characteristic on HA and NA regions of influenza virus subtype A3 isolates of Zhejiang province in the recent years.

METHODSRNA of 25 influenza virus subtype A3 isolates, circulated in Zhejiang province during 1998 to 2005, was extracted. HA1 and NA regions were amplified and sequenced. All the sequence data were analyzed using BioEdit.

RESULTSHA1 and NA regions of all the isolates belonged to 987nt and 1362nt, encoding protein of 329 and 454 amino acids respectively. Isolates shared amino acid homology of 90.9%-99.3% and 95.2%-99.5% on HA1 and NA regions, while divergence on HA1 was greater than that on NA region. During a period of 8 years, 30 amino acids on HA1 region were substituted and 14 of which refer to 4 antigenic determinant sites. Meanwhile,21 amino acids on NA region were substituted and 5 of which referred to 3 antigenic determinant sites. Significant divergences, both in HA1 and NA, were observed among isolates in 1998 and 2002, showing that they belonged to absolutely different branches. Additionally, influenza virus subtype A3 isolates identified in recent years, with 11 N-linked glyeosylation sites in HA1 region, had 5 sites more than early A/Aichi/2/68 strain. Since 1998,3 sites had been inserted in epidemic strains, indicating the accelerated trend of glyeosylation sites were increasing.

CONCLUSIONThere is a correlation between antigenic drift of influenza virus subtype A3 and the two epidemics in Zhejiang province in 1998 and 2002.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; China ; Epitopes ; genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Drift ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuraminidase ; genetics ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) on absorption kinetic parameters of rhubarb free anthraquinones.

METHODSEleven healthy Beagle dogs were randomly divided into the normal group (n = 6) and the SAP group (n = 5). The SAP animal model was prepared by surgery through portal vein blood channel building to collect blood from normal dogs and dogs with SAP. The free anthraquinones (20 mg/kg) was given by gastrogavage. The concentrations of five anthraquinones (aloe emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) in the blood plasma of the portal vein and the femoral artery were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The kinetic parameters were calculated using MATLAB2007B Software. The half life (t(1/2Ka)), the absorption peak time (Tmax), the peak concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve [AUC(0-infinity)], and the mean residence time (MRT) were calculated using the statistical moment method. The transport velocity of corresponding medicines from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood (ka) was calculated.

RESULTSThere was no difference in the chemical composition absorption type of the portal vein and the femoral artery between the two groups. Aloe emodin could be detected in the portal vein of each animal at each time point, and they were in the quantitative range. Rhein could be detected in the portal vein of each animal at each time point, and they were lower than the quantitative limit at few time points. Emodin and chrysophanol could be detected in the portal vein of partial animals at each time point, and most of them were higher than the quantitative limit. Physcion could be detected only in the portal vein of less animals at few time points. Rhein could be detected in the femoral artery at most time points, but the rhein plasma concentration at most time points were lower than the quantitative limit. Lower concentration of aloe emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol could be detected in the femoral artery at only few time points. Physcion was not detected in the femoral artery. The rhein plasma concentration of the femoral artery and the chrysophanol Cmax of the portal vein at 45 min were higher in the SAP group than in the normal group with statistical difference (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the rest indices. The AUC of rhein in the two groups were 59.32% and 66.07% of the total free anthraquinones respectively.

CONCLUSIONSSAP could not obviously affect the absorption kinetics parameters of rhubarb free anthraquinones. The intestinal tract and the liver might possibly play important roles in metabolizing or transforming rhubarb free anthraquinones.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Pancreatitis ; metabolism ; Rheum ; chemistry