The quality of tutors will affect the quality of graduate student education,The ar-ticle introduced the function of tutors and the rationalization of building the structure of tutors’ team,and so on,and discussed some problems which should be copied with in combination with the teaching feature in Capital Medical University,

Adult ; Ear Canal ; pathology ; Ear Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Neurofibromatoses

Objective To observe the treatment effect of early rehabilitation training on acute cerebral infarction patients with hemiplegia,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods One hundred cases of acute cerebral infarction hemiplegia in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2016 were selected and divided into the rehabilitation training group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases).The control group was given the routine medication therapy and the rehabilitation training group was given early rehabilitation training on the basis of conventional medication therapy.The functional independence assessment (FIM),Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of early rehabilitation training.The level of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in peripheral blood was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the level of CD34+KDR+ in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the FIM total score,FIM sports function score,FMA score,MBI score,SDF-1α and CD34+KDR+ levels before treatment between the rehabilitation training group and the control group (P>0.05).After treatment,the FIM total score,FIM sports function score,FMA score,MBI score and SDF-1α and CD34+KDR+ levels of the rehabilitation training group were higher than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion The effect of early rehabilitation training on acute cerebral infarction patients with hemiplegic is remarkable.The mechanism may be related to promoting the expression of SDF-1α and CD34+KDR+ in peripheral blood.

There are many factors which can affect the quality of graduate student education,such as management,tutors,and individuals,which are usually the main aspects.Scientific management is the essential factor for high quality of education.This article introduced the experiences of graduate education in Capital Medical University,and discussed some problems which should be coped with.

With the popularization and internationalization of higher education,the quality of higher education has been more and more attented to. The article has reviewed the overseas system of evaluation of graduate education,discussed the system in China,and advanced some suggestions on self-evaluation of graduate education in China.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economics of caspofungin vs. voriconazole in initial empirical antifungal therapy of fe-brile neutropenia(FN). METHODS:Based on two international multiple center clinical trials about caspofungin vs. voriconazole in initial empirical antifungal therapy of FN,combined with domestic clinical experts'opinions about drug selection,a decision tree model was developed. TreeAge Pro 2011 software was used to analyze the cost and effectiveness of 10-day therapy of caspofungin or voriconazole as initial empirical antifungal therapy. RESULTS:The direct medical cost of caspofungin group was lower than that of voriconazole group(52826.71 yuan vs. 58246.70 yuan). The success rate and survival rate were higher than voriconazole group(33.95% vs. 25.63%、92.36% vs. 91.87%). Whether the success rate or the survival rate of patients as the effect indicators, cost-effectiveness ratio of caspofungin group was lower than that of voriconazole group. Moreover,incremental cost effectiveness ra-tio and sensitivity analysis confirmed this conclusion. CONCLUSIONS:Caspofungin has more advantages than voriconazole in cost and effectiveness as initial empirical antifungal therapy in patients with FN.

Aged ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; Larynx ; pathology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Objective To investigate the relationship between HLA-DRB1 alleles and vascular anomalies in infants of Han nationality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Methods This study included 145 infants with vascular anomalies (99 cases of hemangioma (hemangioma group) and 46 cases of vascular malformation (vascular malformation group)) and 105 healthy infants (control group) of Han nationality residing in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The genotypes of HLA-DRB1 alleles were determined by using PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP).Chi-square test was performed to analyze the difference in the frequency of HLA-DRB1 alleles between these groups by using the SPSS 16.0 software.Results There were significant differences in the frequency of HLA-DRB1*0901,*1401 and *16 alleles among the hemangioma group,vascular malformation group and control group (x2 =13.05,12.79,10.36,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).Paired comparison revealed significant differences in the frequency of HLA-DRB1*0901 allele between the hemangioma group and vascular malformation group (RR =4.84,P ＜ 0.01) as well as between the hemangioma group and control group (RR =3.21,P ＜ 0.01),and in the frequency of HLA-DRB1*16 allele between the hemangioma group and control group (RR =2.25,P ＜ 0.01) as well as between the vascular malformation group and control group (RR =2.60,P ＜ 0.01).The frequency of HLA-DR*1401 allele was significantly lower in the hemangioma group than in the control group (RR =0.30,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions HLA-DRB1*0901 and *16 may be the predisposing genes for hemangioma and vascular anomalies respectively,while HLA-DRB1*1401 appears to be protective against hemangioma,in infants of Han nationality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and renal morphological changes of the patients with urinary tract infection associated ureteral stent.Methods From Oct.2012 to May.2013,21 patients were divided into three groups depending on the different conditions:Group A (n=7):patients who had febrile urinary tract infections associated with ureteral stents; Group B (n =7):patients with ureteral stents but no fever; Group C (n=7):patients who had febrile urinary tract infections but no ureteral stent.The clinical data,laboratory data and 99Tcm-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy results were recorded prospectively and analyzed.Results In Group A,there were two patients had flank pain and positive costovertebral angle percussion tcnderness.The mean value of white blood cells and Hs-CRP of Group A and Group C were obviously higher than Group B (P＜0.05).The ratios of pyuria were 100.0％,71.4％ and 100.0％ in Group A,B and C.The ratios of positive urine bacteuria culture were 100.0％,42.9％ and 100.0％ in Group A,B and C.The results of 99Tcm-DMSA renal scintigraphy demonstrated the decreased uptake in the different portion of the kidneys on the sides of ureteral stents inserted in all the patients in Group A but no such changes in Group B and Group C.Conclusions 99Tcm-DMSA renal scintigraphy can be used to judge the status of urinary tract infection associated ureteral stent.The febrile urinary tract infection associated with ureteral stents always means pyelonephritis occurs and prompt treatment must be given.

With the rapid development of pharmacogenetics, more and more studies have shown evidence in the association between polymorphisms at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and severe adverse drug reactions (SADRs). Several HLA-B alleles proved to be associated with SADRs for drugs such as carbamazepine, allopurinol, lamotrigine, and lfucloxacillin. hTe USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has even recommended routine screening for HLA-B allele before the use of abacavir and carbamazepine. With the completion of human genome project and the Hapmapproject, several new pharmacogenetics approaches such as genome-wide association study (GWAS) have emerged. hTese newly developed methods will undoubtedly accelerate the identiifcation and clinical utilization of the pharmacogenetic biomakers. In addition, the immunogenetic mechanisms by which the HLA alleles cause SADRs are explored at the cellular and molecular level. hTis review focuses on the recent progresses in HLA alleles and ADRs regarding both the clinical translation and modern pharmacogenetic methods.