The quality of tutors will affect the quality of graduate student education,The ar-ticle introduced the function of tutors and the rationalization of building the structure of tutors’ team,and so on,and discussed some problems which should be copied with in combination with the teaching feature in Capital Medical University,

Adult ; Ear Canal ; pathology ; Ear Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Neurofibromatoses

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and renal morphological changes of the patients with urinary tract infection associated ureteral stent.Methods From Oct.2012 to May.2013,21 patients were divided into three groups depending on the different conditions:Group A (n=7):patients who had febrile urinary tract infections associated with ureteral stents; Group B (n =7):patients with ureteral stents but no fever; Group C (n=7):patients who had febrile urinary tract infections but no ureteral stent.The clinical data,laboratory data and 99Tcm-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy results were recorded prospectively and analyzed.Results In Group A,there were two patients had flank pain and positive costovertebral angle percussion tcnderness.The mean value of white blood cells and Hs-CRP of Group A and Group C were obviously higher than Group B (P＜0.05).The ratios of pyuria were 100.0％,71.4％ and 100.0％ in Group A,B and C.The ratios of positive urine bacteuria culture were 100.0％,42.9％ and 100.0％ in Group A,B and C.The results of 99Tcm-DMSA renal scintigraphy demonstrated the decreased uptake in the different portion of the kidneys on the sides of ureteral stents inserted in all the patients in Group A but no such changes in Group B and Group C.Conclusions 99Tcm-DMSA renal scintigraphy can be used to judge the status of urinary tract infection associated ureteral stent.The febrile urinary tract infection associated with ureteral stents always means pyelonephritis occurs and prompt treatment must be given.

Objective To develop a protocol for ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on hepatic tumors larger than 3.5 cm in diameter, and to evaluate its role in ablation treatment. Methods Mathematical analysis was performed to generate the preoperative protocol which included the least ablation (sphere) number and the optimal overlapping mode and procedure for adequately ablating a large and spherical target lesion. The target ablation volume consisted of a tumor plus a 0.5- 1.0 cm tumor-free margin. The operation method for electrode placement was also described. Based on this mathematical protocol, 113 patients with 124 hepatic tumors [( 4.75? 0.92)cm in diameter, ranging from 3.6- 7.0 cm] were enrolled and treated. Seventy-one patients had 76 primary and 42 had 48 metastatic hepatic tumors. Results Totally 554 ablations (electrode placements) were performed in 124 tumors. The tumor complete necrosis rate was 87.9% (109/124), the local recurrence rate 24.2% (30/124), the estimated mean time to local recurrence 17.3 months. Twenty-five patients had received 38 retreatments for the local recurrence (17 received one time, and 8 received two or three times). Major complications were found in 7 patients (6.2 %). Of them, only one patient who suffered from colon perforation one week after RFA treatment required surgical intervention. Conclusions A theoretic basis and clinical guidance in RFA of hepatic tumors larger than 3.5 cm might be provided. Treatment results indicated that the protocol might probably be used to improve complete necrosis rate and reduce local recurrence rate in ablation therapy. The protocol was firmed effective and feasible.

Objective To explore the surgical safety and clinical efficacy of combined anterograde and retrograde method exposing porta hepatis for the treatment of the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma invading porta hepatis.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 3 patients with left intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma invading porta hepatis who were admitted to the Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from February 2015 to May 2016 was collected.All the 3 patients underwent left hemihepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy after preoperative lab and imaging examinations and the evaluations of liver function and residual liver volume.The surgical procedures followed as:anterograde dissection of porta hepatis,exposure of hilar plate,left hemihepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy,right artery resection and reconstruction,hilar cholangioplasty and bilioenteric anastomosis.Observation indicators included:(1) surgical situations:operation time,time of hepatic artery~ anastomosis and volume of intraoperative blood loss;(2) postoperative pathological examinations;(3) postoperative situations:postoperative complications (biliary fistula,hemorrhage,abnormal liver function,gastroplegia) and postoperative chemotherapy;(4) follow-up:postoperative patients' survival and carcinoma occurrence.Follow-up was performed to by outpatient examination up to December 2016.The follow-up included clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain,chills,fever and jaundice,liver function and tumor marker examination,and color ultrasound Doppler or abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed to detect carcinoma recurrence.Measurement data was represented as average (range).Results (1) Surgical situations:all the 3 patients underwent successful left hemihepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy using combined antegrade and retrograde method exposing porta hepatis,including 1 combined with right hepatic artery resection and reconstruction,without perioperative death.The average operation time,average time of hepatic artery anastomosis and average volume of intraoperative blood loss of 3 patients were 493 minutes (range,430-570 minutes),11 minutes and 526 mL (range,450-600 mL),respectively.(2) Postoperative pathological examination showed 3 patients were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma,2 with nerve bundles invaded and 2 with No.12 lymph node metastasis,with negative margins of bile duct and hepatic artery.(3) Postoperative situations:3 patients are not complicated with biliary fistula and gastroplegia.One patient with postoperative liver dysfunction after right artery resection and reconstruction underwent anti-infection,hepatoprotection and anti-hepatic encephalopathy therapies,and then was improved and discharged from hospital at 4 weeks postoperatively.The other 2 patients recovered steadily without complications such as hypohepatia,and then respectively discharged from hospital at 17 and 20 days postoperatively.All the 3 patients underwent chemotherapy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 for 8 courses at week 4 or 5 postoperatively.(4) Follow-up:all the 3 patients were followed up for 7-20 months,with good general conditions and normal liver function and without cholangitis symptoms.One patient received right artery reconstruction,and CT reexamination at postoperative month 3 showed fine imaging of right hepatic artery.There was no sign of carcinoma recurrence.Conclusion The combined anterograde and retrograde method exposing porta hepatis for the treatment of the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma invading porta hepatis can increase the radical resection rate and surgical safety.

Background and purpose:Reduced peripheral blood platelet count is a common toxicity in patients with hematological malignancy after chemotherapy.The purpose of this study was to observe the eff icacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO)in the treatment of thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 25 patients with solid tumor,who developed thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy(PLT≤70?109/L) after the f irst cycle of chemotherapy(control group),was studied by self-cross control.6-24 h after the second cycle of chemotherapy(treatment group) with identical scheme of the f irst cycle chemotherapy,they were given subcutaneous injection of rhTPO 15 000 U/d for 7 to 14 consecutive days or until platelet count ≥100?109/L or the increasing count ≥50?109/L.Results:The mean platelet count of the patients after rhTPO treatment was higher at different time points of the treatment group than that of the control group.The minimal PLT count of the treatment group and the control group after chemotherapy were(80.3?39.30)?109/L and(34.7?21.2)?109/L(P0.05).The time of PLT count to recover was found to be more than 75?109/L and 100?109/L in treatment group after chemotherapy was(9.8?4.2)d and(12.8?3.6)d,compared to(19.1?4.5)d and(24.3?1.4)d(P

Objective To set up an apoptosis model of prostate cancer cell line and to clone and study the apoptosis related genes. Methods An apoptosis model of prostate cancer cell line DU-145 has been set up through induction by all transretinoic acid (ATRA).During the process of cell apoptosis the apoptosis-related gene was cloned by means of improved PCR-based subtractive hybridization from the apoptosis prostate cancer cell line DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Results During the process of DU-145 cell apoptosis,c-erb B-2 expression,TNF genes and some unknown apoptosis-related gene were observed.This has been accepted by Genebank,the accession number being AF174394. Conclusions ATRA-induced apoptosis of DU-145 cells is a complex process with multiple genes involved,some of which being unknown yet.

Aged ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; Larynx ; pathology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Objective: To study the antioxidant activity of Clematis chinensis Osbeck polysaccharide(CCP).Methods:① To assay the scavenging activity of CCP on hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion in vitro.② To analyze the effect of CCP on red blood cell autoxidation hemolysis induced by H2O2 by colorimetry.③ To study the effect of CCP on acute hepatic injury of the mice induced by carbon tetrachloride.Results: CCP could eliminate the hydroxyl free radical and the superoxide anion free radical,reduce red blood cell autoxidation hemolysis induced by H2O2,raise the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in hepatic injury mice's serum and liver apparently,reduce the content of MDA and liver index notably.Conclusion: CCP has the significantly action of anti oxidation activity in vitro and in vivo which relates to removing oxygen free radical.

With the rapid development of pharmacogenetics, more and more studies have shown evidence in the association between polymorphisms at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and severe adverse drug reactions (SADRs). Several HLA-B alleles proved to be associated with SADRs for drugs such as carbamazepine, allopurinol, lamotrigine, and lfucloxacillin. hTe USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has even recommended routine screening for HLA-B allele before the use of abacavir and carbamazepine. With the completion of human genome project and the Hapmapproject, several new pharmacogenetics approaches such as genome-wide association study (GWAS) have emerged. hTese newly developed methods will undoubtedly accelerate the identiifcation and clinical utilization of the pharmacogenetic biomakers. In addition, the immunogenetic mechanisms by which the HLA alleles cause SADRs are explored at the cellular and molecular level. hTis review focuses on the recent progresses in HLA alleles and ADRs regarding both the clinical translation and modern pharmacogenetic methods.