Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) is a kind of protein factor which can regulate the enteric nervous system in survival,differentiation,colonization and injury repair.It has been confirmed in the disorders of the enteric nervous system,such as hirschsprung and anorectal malformations,but the specific mechanism in regulation of this factor is still unknown.Studies have found that GDNF/GFRa1/RET and GDNF/GFRa1 / NCAM pathway may be involved in the growth and maturation of the enteric nervous system,the disorders of those pathways above may lead to diseases by affecting the differentiation,proliferation and migration of intestinal neural stem cells,causing dysfunctions in the anatomical structure and function of the intestinal neurons.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rb1 and geniposide in Panax ginseng processed by Gardenia jasminoides. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Agi-lent TC18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid,(gradient elution,ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rb1)and acetonitrile-water(13∶87,V/V,geniposide)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 203 nm for ginsen-oside Rg1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rb1 and 238 nm for geniposide,column temperature was 40 ℃,and injection volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.418-3.762 μg for ginsenoside Rg1(r=0.999 8),0.270-2.430 μg for Re(r=0.999 8), 0.398-3.582 μg for ginsenoside Rb1(r=0.999 7)and 0.606-3.030 μg for geniposide(r=0.999 7);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were less than 2.0%;recoveries were 97.86%-101.47%(RSD=1.29%,n=6),96.21%-100.11%(RSD=1.42%,n=6),96.24%-100.48%(RSD=1.57%,n=6)and 97.76%-102.44%(RSD=1.71%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The meth-od is simple with good precision,stability and reproducibility,and can be used for the contents determination of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rb1 and geniposide in P. ginseng processed by Gardenia jasminoides.

More and more research proved that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play an important role in immune tolerance in these years. Known as a T cell growth factor, Interleukin2 (IL-2) regulated the immune tolerance induced by Treg cells. IL-2 sustained the activity of Treg cells both in thymus and periphery while it was dispensable for the development of Treg cells in thymus. In addition, IL-2 signal affected the function of Treg cells and maintained their competitive fitness. Therefore, CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and IL-2 formed an immune network to regulate the processes of immune response, immune tolerance and autoimmune homeostasis.

Objective: To evaluate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of strychnos alkaloids [brucine, total alkaloids in Strychni Semen (TASS), and optimal total alkaloids in Strychni Semen (OTASS)] by ig administration to rats. Methods: The rats were ig administered with strychnos alkaloids and their blood samples were taken. Huperzine A was used as an internal standard. The brucine in plasma of rats was detected by HPLC method. The compartment model was fitted and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS1.0 program. Results: The pharmacokinetic analysis showed that brucine behaved as a two-compartment model in the three solutions after ig administration in rats. Compared with brucine monomer administration, the solution of TASS and OTASS could obviously increase the absorption of brucine in vivo, but other pharmacokinetic parameters had no significant difference. Conclusion: After ig administration with strychnos alkaloids, the other alkaloids in Strychni Semen could promote the absorption of brucine.

Objective To establish the disease-syndrome integrated animal models suitable for the studies of TCM through differen- tiating the property of TCM syndromes of spontaneous diseased animal models.Methods With the observation on general behaviors, irritable degree,turning endurance time,pain threshold,urine and stools,luster of hair,growing speed of hair,body weight,tongue condition,degree of eyeball protruding,conjunctiva chroma,blood pressure,heart rate,etc.of spontaneous hypertension rats(SHR) and the comparison with normal rats,the study was carried out on the macroscopic description of property of TCM syndrome of SHR (14～18 weeks of age)and their ethology.Results The blood pressure of SHR at the early stage tended to raise with age growing. Compared with the normal group,the heart rate of SHR rats was obviously quicker(P

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of arsenic trioxide(ATO) plus vitamin K2(VK2) on proliferation of HL-60 cells from acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line and explore the possible mechanism.Methods ①HL-60 cells were exposed to ATO(0.0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 μmol/L),VK2(0.0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0μmol/L),or both of different concentrations (0.5 μmol/L ATO + 2.5 μmol/L VK2,1.0 μmol/L ATO + 5.0μmol/L VK2,2.0 μmol/L ATO + 10.0 μmol/L VK2,4.0 μmol/L ATO + 20.0 μmol/L VK2) for 24,48 or 72 h,respectively.The method of CCK-8 was used to assess the proliferation of HL-60 cells and the half inhibitory concentration(IC50) of ATO or VK2 was calculated,respectively.②Combination index (CI) was used to evaluate the combinative effect of the two treatments:CI ＜ 1,=1 or ＞ 1 indicated synergistic,additive,or antagonistic effect,respectively.③After HL-60 cells were treated with 1.0 μmol/L ATO or 5.0 μmol/L VK2 individually or simultaneously for 48 h,Annnexin V/PI staining was performed to identify the apoptosis rate of each group.Untreated cells were used as control group.Results ①ATO or VK2 alone inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a concentration and time dependent manner.The IC50 of ATO or VK2 at time of 24,48,72 h were (22.86 ± 2.44),(6.66 ± 0.34),(4.14 ± 0.41) and (18.40 ± 1.12),(13.48 ± 0.73),(8.95 ± 0.40) μmol/L,respectively; ②The combination of ATO and VK2 illustrated a synergistic effect with CI ＜ 1.③No statistical difference was found among control group [(4.38 ± 0.56)％],1.0 μmol/L ATO group [(5.76 ± 1.63)％] and 5.0 μmol/L VK2 group [(6.38 ± 1.42)％] in the apoptosis rate(all P ＞ 0.05).However,the apoptosis rate of combined group did rise to (44.18 ± 8.42)％,with a significant improvement to that of VK2 or ATO group alone (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The combination of VK2 and ATO exhibits an enhanced synergistical inhibitive effect on proliferation of HL-60 cells,and apoptosis may be involved in this synergy in part.

Aneurysm ; diagnosis ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; pathology ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Palatine Tonsil ; pathology

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine whether or not dual paroxysm proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist,WY14643,improved the dysfunctioned vascular endothelium in hypertension by reducing endothelium-derived contracting factors ( EDCFs ),and to explore the molecular mechanism it was involved in.MethodsIsometric tension in isolated thoracic aortic rings of spontaneously hypertensive rats was recorded.Endothelium-dependent contractions evoked by acetylcholine in the presence of L NAME were reduced by fenofibrate.Cyclooxygenase 1 ( COX1 ) activities were determined by analyzing the peroxidase activity of cyclooxygenase colorimetrically by using ELISA kit.ResultsCompared to the control group,WY14643 significantly decreased the vasoconstriction in aorta of the SHR rats(P=0.014).PPARα antagonist MK866 enhanced the vascular contractility of SHR rats that were incubated with 10.0μmol/L WY14643( P=0.021 ).PPARΥ antagonist GW9662 did not significantly affect the vascular contractility of SHR rats that were incubated with 10.0 μmol/L WY14643( P=0.061 ).The levels of serum PGFlα(P=0.012),2α( P =0.019) and TXB2(P=0.023) in SHR rats incubated with 10.0 μmol/L WY14643 were significantly lower than the control group,respectively.Under the condition of the existence of vascular endothelium,the expression of COX-1 in SHR rats incubated with WY14643 was significantly lower than that in SHR rats incubated without WY14643 (P=0.017).ConclusionsThose data showed that WY14643 reduced the release of EDCFs,it suggests that WY14643 protects against vascular diseases through the PPAR activators in spontaneous hypertension.

BACKGROUND: In many parts of the body, muscle diastolic and contractive activities can promote the body's energy metabolism. Furthermore, the muscles also play an irreplaceable role in maintaining body posture and joint stability. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the rules of muscle function and aging changes, to search for research related to the trainability of old muscle function, and to provide references for muscular anti-aging research in field of sports medicine. METHODS: Taking senescence, aging, muscle function, exercise, training in English as the search terms, Pubmed database from January 2000 to May 2009 was retrieved; Taking aging, muscle function, training in Chinese as the search terms, CNKI database from January 2000 to May 2009 was searched. Literatures were limited to English and Chinese languages. Inclusive criteria: research closely related to the trainability of motor function and muscle metabolic function in the elderly; Exclusive criteria: obsolete and lack of credibility of the literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 67 literatures were screened out by computer, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 documents of which were involved in the analysis. Based on the recent research On muscle function, the muscle function can be summarized into three aspects: motor function, metabolic function and maintenance function. The elderly muscle aging is mainly showed in these 3 aspects. How to reconstruct these functions through resistance training? The concerning data were summarized in this paper, to verify the trainability of ageing's muscle motor and metabolism functions, but no study indicates that the maintenance function can be reconstructed, and deserves further studies of sports science.

Objective:To prepare and purify recombinant human zona pellucida 3 protein,and to study its immunologic activity.Methods:The E.coli BL21 containing recombinant plasmid pGEX4T-1/ huZP3 was induced to express GST-fusion protein by IPTG.After a series of purification procedure,the purified protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE.After the mice immunized with rhuZP3,the antibody responses against rhuZP3 were detected by ELISA.Results:The soluble fusion protein was expressed,and purity of rhuZP3 was 95%.Moreover, purity of rhuZP3 could be recognized by anti-human ZP3 in ELISA.Conclusion:The rhuZP3 is obtained through the preparation of prokaryotic expression system and anti-rhuZP3 antibody has immunological activity.