?As a globally recognized irreversible blindness disease, glaucoma can lead to pathological intraocular hypertension, loss of optic ganglion cells and axonal progressive, more and more deep optic cup, and the expanded visual field defect. Various researches show that excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative damage, apoptosis, intracellular Ca2+overloading etc. , pathogenic factors are all involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma. Now, a variety of clinical drugs and operation treatment are applied to control the glaucoma progress. Further more, there are many new drugs and methods in the process of development. This is an article on the current anti-glaucoma drugs.

Objective To compare the learning motivation of Tibetan college students with that of Han college students,and compare the learning motivation of Tibetan and Han students with different majors and genders.Methods Learning motivation questionnaire for university students were used,and 172 Tibetan students and 156 Han students participated in the study,while their general population information were collected at the same time.Results Learning motivation for both Tibetan and Han students was above the average level.Tibetan students scored ((3.97±0.52),(3.47±0.58),(3.49±0.50),(3.23±0.58),(3.37±0.50)) significantly higher than those of Han students ((3.83±0.56),(3.15±0.71),(3.37±0.50),(2.99±0.65),(3.20±0.53),P＜ 0.05) in hankering for capability,tendency of altruism,intrinsic motivation,extrinsic motivation and total motivation score.Tibetan boys ' score in altruistic orientation (3.48±0.54) was much higher than that of girls(3.45±0.61,P＜0.05).For Tibetan students,those who majored in liberal arts scored much more in all items than those who majored in science (P＜ 0.05).For Han students,there was no significant difference in the scores of boys' and girls'(P＞0.05).For those Han students who majored in liberal arts,their scores in hankering for capability,tendency of altruism and intrinsic motivation((3.17±0.49),(3.32±0.73),(3.47±0.46))were significantly higher than those who majored in science((2.91±0.56),(2.98±0.65),(3.28±0.52),P＜0.05).Conclusions (1)The Tibetan students showed stronger motivation than Han students.(2) Gender plays a different role in the learning motivation of Tibetan and Han students,that is,compared with the Tibetan girls,Tibetan boys have stronger motivation in altruistic orientation.For Han students,there is no significant difference between male and female students' learning motivation.(3) Tibetan and Han students from different majors show the same trend in learning motivation,that is,for both the Han students and Tibetan students,liberal arts students' learning motivation is higher than that of the science students.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the working pattern of clinical pharmacists in participating in clinical medicine treatment.METHODS: The working pattern and working contents of clinical pharmacists in participating in clinical medicine treatment were come up with based on hospital pharmacy and the traditional working pattern of pharmacists in China as well as the working pattern of the students in the clinical pharmacist training pilots.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: To participate in clinical medicine treatment,pharmacists should possess certain professional background and have occupational orientation,and attach great importance to the continuing education of clinical pharmacy expertise and medicine-related expertise.

OBJECTIVE:To unify the understanding on hospital pharmacy,clinical pharmacy and the pharmaceutical talents in hospital.METHODS:The perspectives of hospital pharmacy authorities and some related academic institutions on hospital pharmacy and pharmaceutical talents were investigated,and the new requirements that social progress,scientific and technological development proposed for medical and health works as well as the responsibilities and tasks of hospital pharmacy and pharmacists were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Hospital pharmacy authorities and the related academic institutions should attach great importance to and unify their cognition on the orientations of hospital pharmacy,clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical talents so as to facilitate the development of hospital pharmacy,help the pharmacists play their role in hospital,and preserve patients' rights and interests in drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an elementary criteria system for the access qualifications of hospital pharmacists to serve as a basis for the setting up of training goals of pharmaceutical education in school of higher learning and in-service edu_cation of hospital pharmacists,and to provide references for related policy makers in formulating qualification criteria for hospital pharmacists at different professional level and to provide references for the professional tests and assessments of hospital pharmacists at different professional level.METHODS:The criteria system of access qualifications of the pharmacists in medical institutions was raised referenced by the trend of overseas hospital pharmacy and the status quo of hospital pharmacy in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Access qualifications of pharmacists,pharmacists-in-charge,chief pharmacists were brought forward from the following aspects:professional knowledge,work experience & capability,capability in teaching and scientific research.The higher professional level the pharmacists are,the stricter in the demands of their capabilities including management of organization,promotion of rational use of drugs and doing pharmaceutical research.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR)of the hospitals(Level 2 and above) of Wuxi in order to promote rational use of drugs in the clinic.METHODS:2 473 cases of ADR collected from Jan.2005 to Dec.2006 in 11 hospitals(Level 2 and above)of Wuxi were retrospectively studied.RESULTS:Most patients who had ADR were old patients over 60 years and teenagers(≤10years).Most ADR were caused by anti-infection drugs(60.9%),followed by the preparations of Chinese materia medica(13.7%).The intravenous medication was the main route of medication resulting in serious adverse reactions;Most of the ADR cases were known and mild, 74 cases were severe and scarce(3.0%).CONCLU-SION:More attention should be paid to monitoring clinical ADR and the quality of ADR reports needs to be improved.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of atorvastatin combined with salvianolate in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) , and its influence on hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1), adrenomedullin (ADM) in serum.Methods 30 cases of COPD patients with PH were randomly divided into 2 groups, each of 15 cases.The two groups were given conventional treatment, including rest, continuous low flow oxygen, anti infection, relieving cough and phlegm, relaxing tracheal, correcting water and electrolyte balance.Control group was received Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets 20 mg orally, once daily.Observation group was received Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets 20 mg once daily, once daily;salvianolic 200 mg+0.9% sodium chloride solution 250 mL, intravenous drip, once daily.The course of treatment was 10 d.Before and after treatment, 6 min walking distance(6 MWD) and hemodynamic parameters were detected, including pulmonary artery systolic blood pressure (PASP), cardiac output (CO), right ventricular end diastolic pressure (RVEDP) , and HIF-1, ET-1 and ADM level in serum.Results After treatment, 6MWD, PASP, CO, RVEDP of the two groups were significantly improved compared with the same group before treatment.But compared with control group, observation group was improved significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After treatment, HIF-1 alpha, ET-1 of the two groups were significantly lower than the same group before treatment, but ADM were significantly increaser( P <0.05 ) .Compared with control group, HIF-1 alpha, ET-1 of observation group were significantly decreased, while the ADM was significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin combined with salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenols can significantly reduce the pulmonary artery pressure in patients with COPD and PH, increase exercise tolerance, and its mechanism maybe related to the regulation of the expressions of HIF-1, ET-1 and ADM.

AIM: To explore the effect of Danshen on warfarin via detecting the patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS: With the help of detecting prothrombin time(PT) and international normalized ratio(INR) of the patients who took warfarin only or both Danshen and warfarin,we compared the PT and INR of each group. RESULTS: At steady-state levels of warfarin,Danshen prolonged the PT(P

AIM: To establish the determination of ? eudesmol in atractylis oil from Rhizomes of Atractylodes Lancea (THUNB.) DC. by gas chromatography. METHODS: Pentadecanol had been used as the internal standard substance in internal standard method. The GC system consisted of capillary column, 10%SF 30 as the stationary phase, nitrogen as the carrier gas, and FID as the detector. RESULTS: Both ? eudesmol in essential oil and pentadecanol had got satisfactory separation under the chromatographic condition. The mean recovery of ? eudesmol was 99.60%, and RSD was 1.30%. CONCLUSIONS: The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and it can be used to control the quality of the essential oil from Rhizomes of Atractylodes Lancea (THUNB.) DC.

Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy