Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is the most important early warning signal of cerebral infarction, and it is also the critical period for the prevention of cerebral infarction. If we effectively control the risk factors of TIA, the onset and the progress of TIA can be prevented and controlled, This article reviews the correlation between the risk factors of TIA and prognosis.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; methods ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the inhibition effect of plasma-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the expression of monocyte chemotacite protein-1 (MCP-1) gene in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC).Methods Three pairs of siRNAs directed human's MCP-1 mRNA 67,116,142 targets were designed and synthesized.Eukaryotic expression vector special for MCP-1,pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅰ、pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅱ、pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅲ were constructed and transfected into HKC by lipofectamine.At 24 hour after transfection,the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of mRNA was detected by Real Time RT-PCR,and the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of protein was detected by Western blot.Results Transfection efficiency of siRNA expression vector was 60%;the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of mRNA and protein of three pairs of plasma-mediated siRNA group were markedly decreased compared with normal control group(P

A young female complained repeated nasal discharge for over three months with discomfort of right cheek, and oral antibiotics had less effect. She has a history of "root canal therapy" five years before. Physical examination found purulent secretion in the right middle nasal meatus, and light tenderness in the right side of the maxillary sinus area. The CT scan of paranasal sinus shown possible fungal infection of right maxillary sinus. Finally the nasal endoscopic surgery confirmed the fungus ball of right maxillary sinus with foreign body (the root canal filling material).
Endoscopy ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; microbiology ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; microbiology ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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Objective To evaluate the differential diagnostic value and superior of biliary atresia(BA)in the infants with cholestatic hepatopathy by high-frequency ultrasonography (HUS).Methods After 4 hours fasting,124 infants with cholestatic hepatopathy were scanned with high-frequency US.The data of hepatic size and parenchyma,gallbladder,triangular cord (TC) sign,bile duct,right hepatic artery (RHA)and portal vein (PV) were observed and measured.Meanwhile,the other data were collected,which included the clinical diagnosis,blood biochemical tests,the MRCP and dynamic duodenal liquid color check finding,the pathological results after liver puncture biopsy and so on.Results In 124 infants with cholestatic hepatopathy,BA was found in 61 infants and ruled out in 63.TC thickness,RHA diameter,and gallbladder length and width exhibited significant differences between the group with BA and the group non-BA(all P ＜0.001).The correctness for the diagnosis of BA was 90.3％ by the combination of TC sign and abnormal gallbladder morphology,and 83.1 ％ by stool color,81.5 ％ by γ-GT,47.5 ％ by MRCP,83.3 ％ by dynamic duodenal liquid color check,95.2％ by the pathology after liver puncture biopsy,respectively.Conclusions HUS is superior to other diagnostic methods in BA with higher accuracy rate,noninvasion,simplicity and economy.

Objective To investigate the distribution and susceptibility of carbapenem resistant citrobacter freundii for rational antimicrobial therapy.Methods The C.freumdii were collected between January 2011 and December 2014 from inpatients.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were detected by an automated analyzer (VITEK 2) to analyze the characteristic of tested bacteria.Results (1) Of the 21 strains of carbapenemresistant citrobacter freundii,95％ were collected from urine,among which most of the strains were isolated from the Department of Transplantology (66.7％) and Urology (19％);(2) Antimicrobials Susceptibility test showed that Citmbacter freund were highly resistant to Cephalosporins and relevant beta-lactamase inhibitors.Even carbapenem were highly resistant.Imipenem had a resistance rate of 90％ (95％ confidence interval:70 to 99),Meropenem 85.7％ (95％ confidence interval:64 to 97),The drug resistance rate to Amikacin was only 4.8％,followed by Nitrofuran toin (10.5％) and Fosfomycin (15％).Conclusions Carbapenem resistant citrobacter freundii,which often causes urinary tract infection in our hospital,was characterized by multi-drug resistant (MDR).Monitoring of the Citrobaeter freundii should be strengthened to control the prevalence of drug resistance.

OBJECTIVETo explore the TCM therapy for puerperal albuminuria (PA) in patients with gestational hypertension syndrome (GHS).

METHODSSeventy-two GHS patients with PA in the severe preeclampsia stage were assigned to the treated group (38 cases) and the control group (34 cases). They were treated, starting from the postpartum second day, with Nifedipine 10 mg three times per day, but to the treated group, Shenkangbao (SKB, a TCM patent drug for stasis resolving and dinresis) was given additionally at the dose of 10 g twice a day, 3 weeks as one therapeutic course for all. Changes of urinary albumin quality and quantity, plasma total protein and albumin, as well as renal function and blood pressure before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTSSignificant difference after treatment between the two groups was shown in terms of percentage of cases with positive albuminuria (0.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.9), 24-h urinary albumin (520 +/- 480 mg vs. 1352 +/- 861 mg), plasma total protein (74.5 +/- 6.3 g/L vs. 67.8 +/- 6.2 g/L), and plasma albumin (39.4 +/- 4.5 g/L vs. 34.6 +/- 4.3 g/L, all P < 0.01); also in urinary albumin negative inversion rate (92.1% vs. 67.6%, P < 0.01). No significant difference of renal function between groups, and between pre- and post-treatment was found (P > 0.05), as for the blood pressure, it showed a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment in both groups (P < 0.01), but with no difference between groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTCM therapy for stasis-resolving and diuresis with SKB can promote the eliminating of albuminuria in puerpera in the severe preeclampsia stage.

Adult ; Albuminuria ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Nifedipine ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Postpartum Period ; Pre-Eclampsia ; drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult

To clarify the source of deviations of drug combination effects evaluated with different drug interaction mathematical models, the cytotoxicity of SAHA and arsenic trioxide and their combinations were observed in a series of human cancer cell lines and a normal cell line. The combined effects were evaluated with three drug interaction models: Loewe Additivity (LA), Bliss Independence (BI) and Chou's Median Effect Model. The evaluations with three different models were further compared with each other. We demonstrated that when dose-response curves were fitted with the same method, similar evaluated results for drug combinations would be derived with different models. The deviations of evaluated effects of drug combinations were attributed to different curve fitting methods used rather than the models themselves. The effects of drug combinations showed discrepancies on different cell lines, and at different combined drug concentrations on same cell line.

OBJECTIVETo explore the intervention of Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn alcohol extract (FAE) on defecation function and motor functions of isolated colons of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) rats and to study its underlying mechanism.

METHODSThe D-IBS rat model was established by neonatal pups maternal separation (NMS) combined with intracolonic infusion of acetic acid (AA). Adult IBS rats were randomly divided into the pre-intervention control group (n = 10, with no gastrogavage), the normal saline control group (n = 10, administered with normal saline by gastrogavage), the pre-treatment model group (n = 8,with no gastrogavage),the normal saline model group (n = 8, administered with normal saline by gastrogavage), the low dose FAE group (n = 8, administered with 6 g/kg FAE by gastrogavage), the high dose FAE group (n = 8, administered with 24 g/kg FAE by gastrogavage), and the Pinaverium Bromide group (n = 8, administered with 0.02 g/kg Pinaverium Bromide by gastrogavage). All medication was performed once daily for 2 weeks. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was employed to evaluate the visceral hypersensitivity; their loose and watery stool grade was assessed by Bristol scores for stool consistency; and their fresh feces weight was calculated. In vitro effect of different concentrations of FAE and Pinaverium Bromide (0.02 μg/mL) on spontaneous contraction and spasmodic contraction induced by acetylcholine (Ach) in rats' isolated colon were observed and the influence on the intestinal calcium channel was evaluated.

RESULTSCompared with the pre-intervention control group, the pain pressure threshold and the maximum tolerance pressure decreased significantly in the pre-intervention model group (P < 0.05), and the loose and watery stool grade and fresh feces weight increased drastically (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal saline control group, the pain pressure threshold and the maximum tolerance pressure decreased significantly in the normal saline model group (P < 0.05), and the loose and watery stool grade and fresh feces weight increased markedly (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal saline model group, the pain pressure threshold of 24 g/kg FAE and Pinaverium Bromide group significantly increased (P < 0.05). The loose and watery stool grade and fresh feces weight decreased obviously in the low dose FAE group, the high dose FAE group, and the Pinaverium Bromide group (P < 0.05). FAE (30, 100, 300, 1,000, and 3,000 μg/mL) and Pinaverium Bromide could significantly inhibit spontaneous contraction of isolated intestines (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and FAE (30, 100, and 300 x 10(-6) g/mL) could remarkably inhibit their spasmodic contraction and contractile tension induced by Ach and Ca2+ respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in a concentration-dependent manner. Pinaverium Bromide also could significantly inhibit Ach and Ca2+ induced contraction.

CONCLUSIONEffective components of FAE improved the defecation function and inhibited enterospasm induced intestinal hyperactivity in IBS model rats via antagonizing calcium channel competitively and inhibiting colonic motility dose-dependently.

Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Defecation ; drug effects ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fagopyrum ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Rats