Presbycusis relates to many factors, such as genetic, metabolism, aging. There was no effective treatment at present. This article reviewed the fundamental research and rehabilitation of presbycusis.

Objective To understand the perception of health status in people with prehypertension. Methods Using the phenomenological method, 15 people with prehypertension were interviewed; the interview results were analyzed deeply. Results Five themes were extracted about health status:obscured perception about prehypertension and hypertension;absence of noticeable symptoms;necessity to change life-style, but lack of effective health self-management; many factors hindering effective health self-management; desire for professional help. Conclusions Perception of health status in people with prehypertension indicated deficiencies in health self-management. What they need were accessible professional support and intervention program that pay attention to people′s health belief and behavioral motivation.

Objective To review the correlation between self-discrepancy and body image based on the papers published before 2014 at home and abroad,with an attempt to provide an new idea for body image disorder.Methods Major online database including Sciencedirect,Springer,CNKI,and Wan Fang datebase were searched in January 2014.The key words we used are body image, body dissatisfaction, body self-discrepancy and so on.Results Totally 40 studies enrolled,the analysis show self-discrepancy is an important mechanism to affect body image,and body self-discrepancies has been found to be associated with body-related behaviors,emotional experience and eating disorder.Conclusion self-discrepancies are cognitive structures,which can influence ongoing information processing without individual' s awareness,resulting in Cognitive biases and body image disorder.Further research is needed exploring the discriminate validity of the body self,the method of measurement an so on.

Objective To retrospectively investigate hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Kun-ming ,to understand their characteristics of clinical data in recent years .Methods Ten three-tertiary general hospitals in Kunming were selected and clinical information of 1 029 patients diagnosed IBD from January 2007 to December 2013 were reviewed ,inclu-ding gender ,age ,course of disease ,symptoms ,diagnosis ,treatment and outcomes .Results This study showed that there was an up-ward tendency of IBD patients in recent 7 years in Kunming .Among the 1 029 IBD patients ,853 patients had ulcerative colitis (UC) ,157 patients had Crohn disease(CD) and 19 patients had undifferentiated IBD .The ratio of male to female was 1 .23 ∶ 1 .00 , and the average onset age of IBD was (47 .93 ± 16 .78)years old .The peak onset age of UC was from 40 to 60 years old ,while CD was more prevalent from 20 to 40 years old .Most of these patients had IBD less than 5 years .Cases from urban areas were more than from the country side .The majority of these hospitalised cases were moderate IBD patients and more UC cases than CD . 64 .4% of the UC cases were chronic and relapsing ;while in the CD cases ,51 .0% were inflammatory and 41 .2% were stenotic type .The main symptoms of IBD were diarrhea (91 .0% ) ,abdominal pain (84 .6% ) ,bloody stool (79 .4% ) and so on .About 6 .1%IBD patients had extraintestinal manifestations and 10 .6% of IBD patients had complications .The auxiliary diagnosis methods were colonoscopy (97 .7% ) and pathology (29 .2% ) .Colonoscopy revealed that UC lesions were in the rectum and sigmoid colon ,and CD lesions were in ileocecal and terminal ileum .Aminosaliccylic acid and steroids were the main medications and immunosupressant was much less used .The effective rate of medical treatment alone was 92 .4% with a mortality rate of 0 .4% .Conclusion The number of hospitalized IBD patients increased in recent years and most of them are young and middle aged .The lesions are mainly moderate . The majority UC cases are chronic and recurrent ;while CD cases belong to inflammatory type and stenotic type predominantly .Par-enteral lesions and complications are rare .Sulphasalazine (SASP)/5-ASA and steroids are still the mainstay agents used for the treatment of IBD .This disease need for long-term maintenance treatment .

Objective:To discuss the effects of BuShen capsule on sexual function of castrated rats model.Methods:The castration model animals set up by removing testicle were divided into 5 groups,the large,middle and small-dose BuShen capsule groups,Nanbao capsule group,saline group and blank control group.At the end of the experiment,change of the latency time of penis erection,the incubation period and the number of their seizing of the female rats and the coefficient of the penis,the foreskin gland,seminal vesicle,prostate,and levator ani muscle in rats were determined.Histological section was made and changes in form of organization were observed under the light microscope,the levels of serum testosterone and cortisol in the rats were measured by radioimmunoassay.Result:Large,middle and small-dose of BuShen capsule could shorten the penile erection latency of castrated rats model.Large and middle-dose could decurtate the latency of their seizing female rats,large-dose could increase the number of their seizing female rats,middle-dose could increase the number of their seizing female rats.Large and middle-dose could obviously raise the levels of serum cortisol,middle-dose could improve the coefficient of the levator ani muscle.Conclusion:BuShen capsule could encourage the secretions of prostatae and seminal vesicle,accrete the cavernous body of penis and promote the growth of levator ani muscle.BuShen capsule has the good effects of invigorating the kidney and strengthening yang.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have a young age incidence,which overlaps with the childbearing time. So,with the increasing morbidity of IBD,it will greatly influence the fertility process,treatment effect and reproductive problems like delivery mode and lactation. The purpose of this review is to explain the relationship between IBD and fertility,and enable clinicians to fully recognize the problem,and give scientific and reasonable birth guide to IBD patients.

The main treatment methods of macular edema (ME) are intravitreal injection of anti-vacular endothelial growth factor drugs, corticosteroids, retinal laser photocoagulation and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). However, recurrent ME, epiretinal membrane formation and drug resistance have occurred to a part of patients, which is called refractory ME (RME). PPV with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) has the potential of treating and relieving RME. PPV combined with ILMP can treat and relieve RME by removing the posterior vitreous cortex, or removing the epiretinal membrane or internal limiting membrane at the same time during surgery to relieve the traction between the vitreous body and the retina. However, due to the complex pathogenesis of ME, the therapeutic effects of PPV combined with ILMP on ME caused by different etiologies still need clinical studies to explore the best surgical methods for ME caused by different etiologies.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of C-18 epimers of glycyrrhetinic acid, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid(α-GA) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(β-GA), on membrane transport of P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cell monolayers. METHODS: MTT assay was applied to determine the maximum non-cytotoxic dose of α-GA, β-GA and verapamil to ensure the activity of the cells during the test and to consult the maximum test concentration of each drug; appropriate Caco-2 monolayers were established in Transwell™ plates. ELISA Reader was applied to detect the concentration of Rho-123 in transfer fluid. The bi-directional transport of Rho-123 after being treated by instantaneous action and incubation with α-GA and β-GA for 72 h was studied. RESULTS: High concentration (10 μmol · L-1) of α-GA induced the efflux of Rho-123 both in the instantaneous action test and the incubation test. High concentration (10 μmol · L-1) of β-GA induced the efflux of Rho-123 only in the incubation test. The transport from AP to BL was not affected by any test drugs. CONCLUSION: The results of the transport experiments of P-gp substrates in Caco-2 monolayers indicated that α-GA and β-GA can induce the efflux function of P-gp and accelerate the excretion of P-gp substrates. It may be one of the mechanisms of that glycyrrhizin preparation enhances liver detoxification. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Kelong capsule on kidney deficiency and blood stasis rats prostatic hyperplasia and the prostatic hyperplasia related protein and cell factors. METHODS: Establish rat model for benign prostate hyperplasia with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and observe rats prostate and prostate correlation factors of blank control (A), model (B), the finateride (C), high, medium and low dose kelong (D, E, F). RESULTS: (1) The prostate wet weight and prostate index of rats in groups C-F were significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.05). (2) Compared with group B, Ki-67integral optical density in prostate tissue obviously decreased in group C, E, F (P<0.01), group D has no significant difference (P≤0.05). (3) Compared with group B, bFGF integral optical density in prostate tissue in group C, D, E and F decreased obviously (P<0.01) but compared with group C, those in group D, E and F were significantly increased (P<0.05). (4) Compared with group B, VEGF mRNA expression in prostate tissue in group C, D, E and F were reduced (P<0.05). but those in group D, E and F were more than in C group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Kelong capsule can dose-dependently inhibit prostatic hyperplasia in rats possibly through the inhibition of prostatic hyperplasia related protein and cell factors.

Objective:To evaluate the nasal safety of gastrodin nasal temperature-sensitive in situ gel through the studies on cilia toxicity in toads and mucosal irritation in rats. Methods:The toads were randomly divided into four groups, saline group, gastrodin in situ gel group, blank gel matrix group and sodium deoxycholate group, and the cilia toxicity was observed in vivo by a toad palate meth-od. The rats were randomly divided into three groups, saline group, gastrodin in situ gel group and blank gel matrix group, and the mucosal irritation was studied in rats through the observation of nasal mucosal pathological changes and behavioral indices. Results:Compared with the saline group, gastrodin in situ and blank gel matrix showed no notable effect on the cilia movement function in toads, and the effect on cilia movement of sodium deoxycholate showed statistically significant difference when compared with that of sa-line, gastrodin in situ gel and blank gel matrix (P<0. 01). During and after the treatment, no sneezing appeared in the rats. Com-pared with that in the saline group, the number of scratching nose in the gastrodin in situ gel group and blank gel matrix group in-creased (P<0. 05) without difference between the groups (P>0. 05), and after the 2-day withdrawal, that in the gastrodin in situ gel group and blank gel matrix group decreased significantly when compared with that at the last administration (P<0. 05) and showed no notable difference when compared with that in the saline group (P>0. 05). The number of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa in the gastrodin in situ gel group and blank gel matrix group increased complicated with congestion and cilia falling off, and after the with-drawal, the mucosal morphology in the three groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion:The local application of gastrodin in situ gel has high security, which is valuable to be studied further.