Objective To investigate the feasibility of a small amount of water intake at the early stage after general anesthesia in children.Methods Five hundred and seventy children underwent operations under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group ( n =288) and early postoperative drinking group ( n =282).The children received routine water deprivation after operation in control group.After recovery from anesthesia and recovery of coughing and swallowing reflexes,the children were allowed to drink a small amount of water in early postoperative drinking group.The incidences of crying,bucking,aspiration and hyoxemia were recorded before water intake and at 5 min after water intake.Results Compared with control group,the incidence of crying was significantly decreased and no significant change was found in the incidence of bucking in early postoperative drinking group.No patients exhibited aspiration and hyoxemia in the two groups.Conclusion It is feasible that children drink a small amount of water at the early stage after general anesthesia.

Objective To prepare gensenosides microbore osmotic pump tablet, and to investigate releasing in vitro. Methods We prepared gensenosides microbore osmotic pump tablet to investigate the release in vitro by cumulative release rate in different time. Results We prepared gensenosides microbore osmotic pump tablet successfully and investigated releasing in vitro and drew the release curve. Conclusion The release of gensenosides microbore osmotic pump tablet in vitro consists with zero order release rule. It can chalk the effect in ten hours.

AlM: To study the therapeutic effect of external-route microsurgery forrhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
METHODS: ln 55 patients ( 55 eyes ) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, drainage of subretinal fluid, examination of locating the holes, sclera cryotherapy, scleral buckling, and vitreous cavity injection of filtrated air were performed under surgical microscope.
RESULTS:The retinal reattachment occurred in 50 cases after the primary surgery. The final rate of reattachment was 91% during 6 - 12mo follow - up. The retinal reattachment occurred in 1 case ( recurrent retinal detachment) after the secondary surgery and in 4 cases ( recurrent retinal detachment ) after vitrectomy. The eyesight was improved with different degrees in 55 cases.CONCLUSlON: The external- route microsurgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is simple, safe and effective.

Objective To analyze the correlation of visual acuity and metamorphopsia with foveal morphology before and after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) eyes.Methods This is a retrospective case series of 47 IMEM patients (49 eyes).All the patients underwent 25G pars plana vitrectomy with IMEM removal and ILMP.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured using the international standard visual acuity chart,and the results were converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity.The severity of metamorphopsia was measured using M-charts.The central macular thickness (CMT),inner nuclear layer thickness (INT),inner retinal layer thickness (IRT),outer retinal layer thickness (ORT),the status of ellipsoid zone (EZ) were assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at baseline and each month postoperatively.The differences in BCVA,CMT,INT,IRT,ORT and status of EZ before and after surgery were analyzed,so did the correlations between these indexes at the same time.Results Compared with baseline,the postoperative BCVA was significantly increased (F=6.133,P＜0.001),but the M value,CMT,INT,IRT,ORT were significantly decreased (F=12.481,10.565,15.739,6.046,10.569;P＜0.001);the integrity of EZ was improved significantly (x2=12.309,P＜0.001).Preoperative BCVA was positively related to the CMT (r=0.720) and ORT (r=0.720,0.887;P＜0.05),while negatively related to preoperative integrity of EZ (r=-0.295,P＜0.05).The postoperative BCVA was positively related to the preoperative BCVA and postoperative CMT,ORT (r=0.774,0.754,0.842;P＜0.05),while negatively related to postoperative integrity of EZ (r=-0.676,P＜0.05).The preoperative M value was positively related to the preoperative CMT,INT,IRT,and ORT (r=0.931,0.668,0.840,0.637;P＜ 0.05).The postoperative M value was positively related to the preoperative M value and postoperative CMT,INT,IRT,and ORT (r=0.723,0.722,0.767,0.825,0.387;P＜0.05).Conclusions Vitrectomy with ILMP for IMEM can improve the visual acuity,metamorphopsia and foveal morphology.Both visual acuity and metamorphopsia correlate with foveal morphology.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effect of thalidomide on the peripheral blood T-iymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in vitro. Methods T-lymphoeytes were treated by thalidomide with different concentrations, then the proliferation of these T-lymphocytes proliferation was deteted by MTT while apoptosis and lymphocyte activation marker were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α was measured by real-time RT-PCR, One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results In vitro, thalidomide inhibited the expression of CD3~+CD28~+ [500 μg/ml group vs the control group, (48±9)% vs (57±9)% P<0.05]. The pro-portion of apoptotic T-lymphoeytes in the 500 μg/ml group was (36±8)%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group [(23±5)%,P<0.05 ]. The values of A_(570nm) T-lymphocytes were significantly lower in the 100 μg/ml group, 300 μg/ml groupand 500 μg/ml group compared with those of the control group ( 100 μg/ml group vs 300 μg/ml group vs 500μg/ml group vs the control group, 0.39±0.05 vs 0.34±0.04 vs 0.30±0.03 vs 0.51±0.07, P<0.05), while thalidomide promoted the expression of CD8~+CD152~+ [ 100 μg/ml group vs 500 μg/ml group vs the control group, (5.0±0.6)% vs (7.8±0.7)% vs (4.2±0.6)%, P<0.05 ]. 500 μg/ml thalidomide inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-6, 2.5～500 μg/ml thalidomide inhibited IL-10, TNF-α mRNA expression of T-lymphocytes.Conclusion Thalidomide can inhibit the proliferative activities and CD28 expression of T-lymphocytes,reduce mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, stimulate CD28 expression and apoptosis of T-lymphocytes. These effects may play an important role in it's immune-suppressive effects on systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To explore the effect of negative pressure attraction method of brushing and washing apply in oral care of patients with orotracheal intubation.Methods Totals of 82 oral intubation patients in ICU were randomly selected and divided into experience group ( n =42 ) and control group ( n =40 ).The traditional method of oral care was used in control group,while the negative pressure attraction method of brushing and washing was used in experience group,then,the incidence of oral infections,ventilator-associated pneumonia( VAP),dental plaque and oral mucosal injury were observed in two groups.Results The incidence of oral infections,ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP),dental plaque in experience group respectively were 7.14％,2.38％,4.76％,and that in control group were 22.50％,15.00％,32.50％,the differences were statistically significant ( x2 =3.88,4.18,10.55,respectively; P ＜ 0.05 ),while there was no significant difference in the incidence of oral mucosal injury between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The negative pressure attraction method of brushing and washing can effectively keep the oral clean of patients with orotracheal intubation,reduce the incidence of oral infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia and dental plaque,when compared with the traditional method of oral care.

Objective To evaluate the precision and uncertainty and comparison analysis of 6 items blood lipids index among 5 different Beckman AU biochemical testing systems ,such as triglyceride(TG) ,total cholesterol(TCHO) ,high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL‐C) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL‐C) ,apolipoproteins A1(APOA1) ,apolipoproteins B(APOB) .Meth‐ods According to the document the EP15‐A2 of national Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards ,6 items blood lipids index were respectively detected by 5 different Beckman AU biochemical testing systems to obtain precision and comparison .The intra‐and inter‐precision and results of comparability among different system were low than 1/4 or 1/3 or 1/2 CLIA′88 as evaluation standard ,respectively .The measurement uncertainty of these items were evaluated by the calibrator uncertainty and internal quality control and external quality control .Results The intra‐and inter‐or day‐to‐day precision and relative bias were accepted by clinical requirements .The expanded measurement uncertainty for TG was 0 .079 mmol/L and 0 .035mmol/L .The expanded measurement uncertainty for TCHO was 0 .248 mmol/L and 0 .157 mmol/L .The expanded measurement uncertainty for HDL‐C was 0 .144 mmol/L and 0 .018 mmol/L .The expanded measurement uncertainty for LDL‐C was 0 .140 mmol/L and 0 .186 mmol/L .The ex‐panded measurement uncertainty for APOA1 was 0 .148 mmol/L and 0 .090 mmol/L .The expanded measurement uncertainty for APOB was 0 .104 mmol/L and 0 .058 mmol/L .Conclusion The results of 6 items blood lipids index respectively show well preci‐sion and significantly correlation among 5 different Beckman AU biochemical testing systems and the results were comparable ,and the influence factor of detection results were expression directly by evaluating the measurement uncertainty of 6 items blood lipids index .This way of assessment is simple .

BACKGROUND:In recent years, increasing research emphasizes the puncture position of the foramen ovale in skul , but most of the positin methods require a higher personal experience of surgeons and lack of individualized quantitative parameters. OBJECTIVE:To establish a visualized digital model of the foramen ovale in skul , explore the reasonable puncture path and puncture depth of percutaneous treatment of foramen ovale puncture for trigeminal neuralgia, and develop the individualized treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS:Head CT images from healthy adult male volunteers were obtained and were input into three-dimensional reconstruction software MIMICS 10.01, the three-dimensional visualized models of the skul and skin were established. Using the models, the puncture path of the foramen ovale was designed and the preliminary model of the puncture locator was plotted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The three-dimensional visualized digital model of the foramen ovale puncture path was established with CT scan images by using MIMICS software, which provides reliable anatomical data for clinical teaching and lays the groundwork for the simulation of puncture surgery. On the three-dimensional models, the“needle points”,“target points”, and“midpoint”were determined, and the triangle consisted of the three points was regarded as“positioning plane”. Using these parameters, the positioning instrument is characterized by simple structure, convenient operation, high positioning precision and short period of exposure to radiation, it simulates the foramen ovale puncture needle depth and needle direction in a precise and individualized manner.

To obtain the immunized mouse spleen cells, we immnnized the female BALB/C mice I.P. with schizonts or merozoites of the cultured blood forms of Plasmodium falciparum. The immunized spleen cells were fused with the SP2/0 myeloma cells, by which we obtained two strains of hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibodies against human Plasmodium falciparum. Using indirect immunofluorescence assay, we identified that the antibodies reacted only with the surface membrane antigens of the schizonts. These hybridomas were cultured continuously in vitro for over ten months and stably produced antibodies-IgG. The two hybridoma cell lines were designated as AEB2 and AGA4, and the number of their chromosomes was 98 and 100 respectively. The hybridoma cells were injected I. P. into the paraffin oil treated BALB/C mice to obtain the hybridoma ascitic fluid containing monoclonal antibodies. The ascitic fluid inhibited the growth of P. falciparum in vitro up to 89%. The inhibition test showed that antibodies were protective.

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Methyl Ethers ; analysis ; Workplace