Objective:To study the Raman spectrum and the surface enhanced Raman spectrum ( SERS) of cefalexin, cefadroxil and cephradine, and analyze the surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the three compounds under different pH conditions. Methods:The Raman spectrum and the surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the three compounds under different pH conditions were detected and measured by a portable Raman spectroscopy. Results: The results showed that the three compounds could exhibit characteristic peak information in the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy corresponding to that in the normal Raman spectrum, and the pH values had certain impact on the surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the three substances. Conclusion: Both the Raman spectrum and the surface enhanced Raman spectrum of cefalexin, cefadroxil and cephradine reflect certain fingerprint characteristics, and it is feasible to use Raman scattering method to identify the three cephalosporins.

Objective To explore the methods of inducing human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. Methods MSCs were obtained from human placenta and were induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells by activin A, epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and other cytokines. The cells were identified by immunocytochemistry staining, Western Blot and animal experiment after differentiation. Results After induction, the cells possessed some characteristics of islet βcells, and could express pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), insulin and C peptide. The induced cells could also decrease blood glucose levels of diabetic mice. Conclusions These results showed that human placenta MSCs can be induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells by cytokines.

AIM: To evaluate the correlation between in vitro release and in vivo absorption of aniracetam in conventional tablets and self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS), to investigate pharmacokinetics of aniracetam self-emulsifying drug delivery system and conventional tablets of aniracetam after oral administration to rats. METHODS: Dissolution behavior of these formulations was evaluated in vitro to assess the properties of dosage forms. And a new RP-HPLC method was developed for the in vivo quantitative determination of 4-p-anisamidobutyric acid (PABA), the active metabolite of aniracetam. To approach the in vitro-in vivo correlation, fraction absorbed in vivo (f) was calculated by Wagner-Nelson method, and then compared with in vitro released drug percentages (Q%). RESULTS: Aniracetam was released rapidly from SEDDS with 80%±4% of accumulation dissolution rate compared to that from conventional tablets at 15 min. The recovery of active metabolite of aniracetam was about 90%, and the intra-days and inter-day precision were within 4% and 6%, respectively. The AUC0-∞ value of aniracetam SEDDS was (11 168±2 395) ng·mL-1·h, which was about 3 folds greater than conventional tablets. The parameter MRT0-∞ of aniracetam SEDDS and conventional tablets were (2.7±0.6) h and (1.7±0.6) h, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The linear equation of in vitro-in vivo correlation for conventional tablets was obtained by regression as well. Whereas nonlinear correlation was obtained for aniracetam SEDDS, which fitted the quadric model very well and the correlation coefficient was 0.972. CONCLUSION: Aniracetam can be released faster from SEDDS than that from conventional tablets, and SEDDS improved the bioavailability of aniracetam significantly. The SEDDS composed by oil and compound surfactants which could enhance the absorption showed the expressing rate of dissolution, and those formed the o/w microemulsion with gastrointestinal liquid could absorb through lymphatic transport route.

Objective To discuss human papilloma virus(HPV)prevalence and HPV genotypes distribution and the infection factors,to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.Methods From March to November in 2009,605 women received cervical HPV testing in the Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University,to obtain specimens of cervical cytology,rapid flow-through hybridization technique (namely Hybribio flow-through hybridization)was used to detect HPV genotypes simultaneously.Single-factor and multivariate factors non-conditional Logistic regression analytic method was used to discuss the relationship between HPV infection of females and age,marital condition,level of education,level of income,occupation,initial age for sex,contraception,number of pregnancies,delivery approach and smoking.Results HPV infection rate was 21.49%(130/605),the positive rate of HPV infection in high-risk subtypes was 15.70%(95/605),the most common type was 5.29%(32/605)in the samples.Single factor non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that initial age for sex was the risk factor(X2=4.4618,P<0.05),HPV prevalence increased with a lower initial age for.sex reduced.But there was no significant difference in age,marital condition,education,income,occupation,contraception,number of pregnancy,delivery approach and smoking teams(X2=0.0525,1.8510,1.0348,0.2592,1.1176,1.5664,2.8835,1.4597,2.6161,all P>0.05).The analysis of multivariate factors nonconditional Logistic regression showed that the age of initially having sex,marital status and number of pregnancies were the risk factors(X2=21.6637,8.0574,15.7573,all P<0.05).Conclusions The risk factors for HPV infection are mainly about having sex too young,marital status and number of pregnancies,attention should be paid to screening for HPV.

Objective To investigate the HBV- positive pregnant women about the knowledge of the route of hepatitis B transmission, hepatitis B hazards, health care during pregnancy, announcements of child- care to explore targeted and effective health education model with self- designed question-naires. Methods Nurses in obstetrics department carried out this questionnaire investigation in the outpa-tients of HBV- positive pregnant women, after that the results underwent statistic analysis. Results The overall knowledge of HBV- positive pregnant women in announcements of child- care, health care during pregnancy and hepatitis B hazards was not very well, and the announcements of child- care was the lowest, followed by health care during pregnancy and hepatitis B hazards. The route of hepatitis B transmission was better, but still not satisfactory. The education should highlight these areas. Well- educated women were better than those who lack education. The age between 20 to 30 years old was better. Conclusions The HBV-positive pregnant women is lack of heath knowledge, so we should gave health intervention in a multi- level, multi- stage standardized and a variety of ways.

Objective To explore the effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRAs,montelukast) on serum indicators,urine indicators,renal pathology,intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),nephrin and podocalyxin on renal tissue in adriamycin(ADR)-induced nephropathy(ADN) rats.Methods ADN was induced through a tail intravenons injection of ADR.The 40 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:group A (control group),group B(ADN group),group C(prednisone-treated group),group D(montelukast-treated group) and group E (prednisone and montelukast-treated group).Twenty-four-hour urinary protein (24 h-up) and serum index were measured serially in the 4th,8th week and the values of creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) were calculated.At the end of the 8th week,all rats were sacrificed to collect kidney tissues for microscopy observation of renal pathological changes.The expression of nephrin,podocalyxin and ICAM-1 in renal tissues were detected through immunohistochemistry method.Results Compared with group A,in the 4th week,24 h-up and albumin reached the level of ADR nephropathy model.Compared with group B,in the 8th week,24 h-up,cholesterol,serum creatinine and renal pathology changes in the 3 treated groups were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),but serum total protein,albumin and Ccr significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),while extracellular matrix/glomerulararea and renal pathology score significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01),and ICAM-1 significantly decreased(P ＜0.01).Compared with group C and group D,expressions of nephrin and podocalyxin in group E were the highest.Besides,the curative effect of integrated treatment was better than other treatments.Conclusions Maybe through inhibition of ICAM-1,LTRAs had a protective effect on renal tissue.The integrated treatment of LTRAs with prednisone has a synergistic effect and drug effect is superior to any drug alone in ADN.

The genus Myristica (Myristicaceae) consists of 120 species, which were distributed in South Asia, from west Polynesia, Oceania, eastern India to the Philippines. Phytochemical studies showed that 164 compounds including a majority of lignans, along with phenglpropanoids, flavonoids and phenolics, have been isolated from this genus, which exhibited anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hyperglycemic and hepatic protective activities. This article summarizes research progress of the chemical compositions and their pharmacological activities from this genus, which could provide reference for the in-depth development and utilization of the Myristica plants.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Myristicaceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo observe the difference in analgesia effects of ropivacaine with fentanyl used intraarticularly after the single knee arthroscopy procedure.Methods40 patients performed knee arthroscopy under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia( CSEA),were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10),at the end of operation 10mlof different drug at the group F,R,FR and N(fentanyl 10μg,0.5％ ropivacaine,fentanyl 10μg +0.5％ ropivacaine,normal saline)were injected intra-articularly.The antalgic effects of four groups based on standard of VAS were observed at the 2,4,8,12 and 24h after operation.ResultsThe 2h postoperative VAS scores were lower in four groups,the differences in four groups were not significant.The 4,8,12,24h postoperative VAS scores of F,R and FR group were much lower than that of N group ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).Moreover,VAS scores of FR group were much lower than that of F and R group( all P ＜ 0.05 ).No other adverse effects were observed.ConclusionIntra-articular administration of ropivacaine with fentanyl could provide superior postoperative analgesia without side effects.It was an excellent regimen for analgesia after knee arthroscopy.

Burnout, Professional ; Humans

Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; supply & distribution ; Occupational Health