This paper describes the development and challenge of HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network and quality assurance system in China. At present, the HIV/AIDS testing laboratories includes three classes, the National AIDS Reference Laboratory, HIV/AIDS confirmatory laboratories and HIV/AIDS screening laboratories. All of them are accredited by the health authorities, and each class of laboratories take charge of their function strictly according to the "National Management of HIV/AIDS Detection (2006)". A complete quality assurance and quality control system for HIV/AIDS testing has been developed, which includes technical training, strict laboratory monitoring and approval,examination or proficiency testing on HIV/AIDS detection, and quality evaluation and supervision of HIV/AIDS diagnostic kits. Besides conduct the routine anti-HIV antibody test, more and more laboratories began to conduct other tests, such as CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counting, HIV viral load, HIV DNA PCR, genotyping, drug resistance, and HIV-1 recent infection test. The primary challenges faced by the HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network are in the areas of laboratory management and quality control. For example, the provincial PT program is inefficient, the internal quality control is conducted perfunctorily, personnel training can not met the needs of the workplace, which need to be improved.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of gastrodin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside, imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Yuzhen powder.Methods: A Phenomenex Gemini C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was used and the column temperature was 25℃.The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1 and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water with gradient elution.The detection wavelength was 230 nm and the sample size was 5 μl.Results: The linear range of gastrodin was 2.68-214.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 5.22-418.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7), and the average recovery was 99.9%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of 5-O-methylvisammioside was 4.57-365.8 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 99.7%(RSD=1.0%, n=6);the linear range of imperatorin was 5.22-417.2 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 6), and the average recovery was 99.0%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of isoimperatorin was 5.29-423.2 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 8), and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.8%, n=6).Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, and the contents of the five ingredients can be determined simultaneously.The method can be used for the quality control of Yuzhen powder.

Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol on pyramidal neuron apoptosis in hippocampus of neonatal rats. Methods: Forty-twoseven-day-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=14):group A received intraperitoneal 0.9% normal saline(7.5 ml/kg)once per day for seven days as control;group B received 0.9% normal saline(7.5 ml/kg)once per day for six days and propofol(75mg/kg)on the seventh day;group C received propofol(75 mg/kg)once per day for seven days. Two animals of each group were tested for blood glucose with tails cut off 3 hours after the last intraperitoneal injection,and six animals of each group were decapitated 5 hours after the last intraperitoneal injection for determination of caspase-3 expression with immuno-histochemistry. The other six animals of each group were decapitated after 3 weeks for microscopic examination. Results:Compared with group A,caspase-3 expression significantly increased while the number of pyramidal neurons decreased to different degree in both group B and C. More evident changes of the above were discovered in group C than that in group B,and the morphous of pyramidal neurons altered were only found in group C. Conclusion:The fact that increased caspase-3 expression leads to pyramidal neurons deletion to different degree was found in the rats which had received propofol.But the morphous ofpyramidal neurons altered onlywhen propofol had been repeatedlyinjected.

Microvessel density (MVD) is the gold standard to evaluate tumor angiogenesis. Contrastenhanced sonography has been developing fast in recent years. By measuring perfusion parameters, it can represent the degree of new angiogenesis of gynecologic malignant tumors indirectly, and evaluate the biobehavior and prognosis of tumor. The advances of correlations between contrast-enhanced sonographic appearance and MVD of gynecologic malignant tumors were reviewed.

A clinically isolated syndrome(CIS) is a term that describes a first clinical episode in which a patient has symptoms and signs suggestive of an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.And it often affects optic nerves,the brainstem,or the spinal cord,and 30％-70％ of the CIS patients may develop multiple sclerosis(MS).Disease-modifying treatments may delay the development from CIS to MS.Their use in CIS is limited because of uncertain long-term clinical prognosis,treatment benefits and adverse effects.This article reviews the advances of predictive markers of conversion to MS after a CIS,in order to provide the reference for clinical treatment.

By analyzing the characteristics of maternal abdominal ECG (Electrocardiogram), a method based on wavelet transform and matched filtering is proposed to detect the R-wave in fetal EGG (FECG). In this method, the high-frequency coefficients are calculated by using wavelet transform. First, the maternal QRS template is obtained by using the arithmetic mean scheme. Finally, the R-wave of FECG is detected based on matched filtering. The experimental results show that this method can effectively eliminate the noises, such as the maternal ECG signal and baseline drift, enhancing the accuracy of the detection of fetal ECG.
Abdomen ; Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Wavelet Analysis

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a disease associated with a variety of factors such as age, psychological factors, physical conditions, and lifestyle, and it severely affects the patients quality of life. In the past, some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) transcribed by genes but not translated into the protein were regarded as the "waste" in the process of gene expression. But in the recent years, ncRNAs have been found to play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and its products, which may affect penile erectile function. This review focuses on the recent progress in the studies of the relationship between ncRNAs and erectile dysfunction.
Erectile Dysfunction ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; RNA, Untranslated ; physiology

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Psoriasis ; therapy

Objective To analyze the adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Changning District of Shanghai in 2006,evaluate the safety of vaccines,and provide the evidence for establishing the safe monitoring system of standard vaccination.Methods The AEFI cases were collected and reported by the Vaccine Adverse Events Surveillance System(VAESS).The data were classified as nonserious,serious reaction according to the symptoms and medical records.Results In 2006,178 AEFI cases related to 12 kinds of vaccines from 126459 doses of 19 kinds of vaccines.Among the adverse events reported,amount of nonserious and serious events were 166 cases and 12 ases respectively.The most commonyl reported type of non-serious adverse events were low-grade fever and non-serious local reaction.AEFI cases caused by DTP combined vaccine was in the first rank.Supplementary immunization of DTP combined vaccine had more cases of AEFI than routing immunization.Conclusions Establishing and perfecting the standardized VAESS will improve the susceptibility and the utilization rate of data on AEFI.To reduce the AEFI,we should implement vaccination regulations,distinguish contraindications,and introduce safer vaccines.

Objective To summarize the adverse events of Measles,mumps,rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) during 2008 in Changning District of Shanghai.To research the effective monitoring pattern of adverse event following immunization (AEFI),and to provide evidence for establishing the safe monitoring system.Methods Using MMR as the surveillance vaccine,the AEFI monitoring research with the active and passive methods was implemented.Results 95 reports were collected.Most of the adverse events were common.The imformation from the active method was more than the imformation from the passive method.It was established the communication mechanism of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between the different levels.Conclusion Active and passive methods will improve the susceptibility and the utilization rate of data reporting.