This paper describes the development and challenge of HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network and quality assurance system in China. At present, the HIV/AIDS testing laboratories includes three classes, the National AIDS Reference Laboratory, HIV/AIDS confirmatory laboratories and HIV/AIDS screening laboratories. All of them are accredited by the health authorities, and each class of laboratories take charge of their function strictly according to the "National Management of HIV/AIDS Detection (2006)". A complete quality assurance and quality control system for HIV/AIDS testing has been developed, which includes technical training, strict laboratory monitoring and approval,examination or proficiency testing on HIV/AIDS detection, and quality evaluation and supervision of HIV/AIDS diagnostic kits. Besides conduct the routine anti-HIV antibody test, more and more laboratories began to conduct other tests, such as CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counting, HIV viral load, HIV DNA PCR, genotyping, drug resistance, and HIV-1 recent infection test. The primary challenges faced by the HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network are in the areas of laboratory management and quality control. For example, the provincial PT program is inefficient, the internal quality control is conducted perfunctorily, personnel training can not met the needs of the workplace, which need to be improved.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of gastrodin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside, imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Yuzhen powder.Methods: A Phenomenex Gemini C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was used and the column temperature was 25℃.The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1 and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water with gradient elution.The detection wavelength was 230 nm and the sample size was 5 μl.Results: The linear range of gastrodin was 2.68-214.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 5.22-418.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7), and the average recovery was 99.9%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of 5-O-methylvisammioside was 4.57-365.8 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 99.7%(RSD=1.0%, n=6);the linear range of imperatorin was 5.22-417.2 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 6), and the average recovery was 99.0%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of isoimperatorin was 5.29-423.2 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 8), and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.8%, n=6).Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, and the contents of the five ingredients can be determined simultaneously.The method can be used for the quality control of Yuzhen powder.

Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol on pyramidal neuron apoptosis in hippocampus of neonatal rats. Methods: Forty-twoseven-day-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=14):group A received intraperitoneal 0.9% normal saline(7.5 ml/kg)once per day for seven days as control;group B received 0.9% normal saline(7.5 ml/kg)once per day for six days and propofol(75mg/kg)on the seventh day;group C received propofol(75 mg/kg)once per day for seven days. Two animals of each group were tested for blood glucose with tails cut off 3 hours after the last intraperitoneal injection,and six animals of each group were decapitated 5 hours after the last intraperitoneal injection for determination of caspase-3 expression with immuno-histochemistry. The other six animals of each group were decapitated after 3 weeks for microscopic examination. Results:Compared with group A,caspase-3 expression significantly increased while the number of pyramidal neurons decreased to different degree in both group B and C. More evident changes of the above were discovered in group C than that in group B,and the morphous of pyramidal neurons altered were only found in group C. Conclusion:The fact that increased caspase-3 expression leads to pyramidal neurons deletion to different degree was found in the rats which had received propofol.But the morphous ofpyramidal neurons altered onlywhen propofol had been repeatedlyinjected.

Microvessel density (MVD) is the gold standard to evaluate tumor angiogenesis. Contrastenhanced sonography has been developing fast in recent years. By measuring perfusion parameters, it can represent the degree of new angiogenesis of gynecologic malignant tumors indirectly, and evaluate the biobehavior and prognosis of tumor. The advances of correlations between contrast-enhanced sonographic appearance and MVD of gynecologic malignant tumors were reviewed.

A clinically isolated syndrome(CIS) is a term that describes a first clinical episode in which a patient has symptoms and signs suggestive of an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.And it often affects optic nerves,the brainstem,or the spinal cord,and 30％-70％ of the CIS patients may develop multiple sclerosis(MS).Disease-modifying treatments may delay the development from CIS to MS.Their use in CIS is limited because of uncertain long-term clinical prognosis,treatment benefits and adverse effects.This article reviews the advances of predictive markers of conversion to MS after a CIS,in order to provide the reference for clinical treatment.

al blood lactic acid monitoring is simple, easy and practical to use in predicting prognosis of ICU patients sensitively.

Magnesium and its alloys possess the features of low density,high strength and rigidity,good biocompatibility and biodegradability.Their elastic modulus is similar to human bone,which endows them with a broad application prospect in the field of orthopedic biomedical materials.This paper reviews the current research status of magnesium and its alloys as the orthopedic implant materials and as porous scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering.Methods to improve corrosion resistance of magnesium-based metals ale briefly described as well.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of sampling drugs of Hubei province,and to provide reference for drug enter-prises and supervision department. METHODS:The data obtained by Hubei Institute for Food and Drug Control about provincial drug sampling and testing from 2013 to 2015 were summarized,the overall quality and unqualified items were statistically analyzed according to current standard. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The number of total sampling batches was 7721 and that of the un-qualified batches was 333 (4.3%) during 2013-2015. Most of the unqualified samples came from distribution units (2.8%-9.0%) and medical institutions (5.2% -11.7%). Among all sample types, the herbal medicine has the highest unqualified rate (12.1%-37.4%),with the largest number of unqualified items(content determination,supplement inspection item,property,resid-ual amount of sulfur dioxide,ash content). The quality of pharmaceutical preparations is relatively stable,and the unqualified items correlated with drug types and dosage forms. The current issues of provincial drug sampling and testing are the variety of standard levels,unreasonable sampling resource allocation and the low level of the industry. Supervision department is proposed to readjust drug standard,reasonably plan sampling and testing process and strengthen production source controlling.

The late stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle are important to the overall replication cycle. During the late stages, HIV-1 replication undergoes the processes of assembly, release, and maturation, resulting in the production of a mature virus particle capable of infecting a new target cell. The structural protein Gag and its related gene (protein) play a central role in these pathways. The different regions of Gag worked in concert to drive production of a mature infectious particle through protein-protein, protein-RNA and protein-lipid interactions. The designed drug aimed directly at these stages can efficiently block the maturation and infectivity of HIV-1. In this article, the role of structural protein Gag and related gene (protein) in late stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle and related inhibitors is reviewed.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine(DEX)for blood pressure,heart rate(HR) and SpO2 levels during anesthesia inquiry in elderly hypertensive(HBP)patients.Methods 96 cases with HBP accepted surgery were selected,and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,each group in 48 cases,The patients in the observation group continuous pumped into the 4μg/mL of DEX during surgery, while the control group continuous pumped into 0.9% sodium chloride solution during surgery.Heart rate(HR),sys-tolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2 )of the two groups after room entrance(T0),after DEX infusion(T1),before intubation(T2),after 2min intubation(T3)and 10 min(T4)after intubation were recorded and compared,extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time and the incidence of adverse reactions in two groups were recorded.Results The difference of HR SBP,DBP and SpO2 at T0 and T4 between the two groups was not statistically significant(all P >0.05);HR, SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group at T1,T2,T3(all P <0.05).There were no significant changes of SpO2 in the patientˊs after the room entrance;extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =8.874,9.073,8.573,all P <0.05).The adverse reactions rate in the observation group was 4.2%,which in the control group was 6.3%,the difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05). Conclusion Continuous pumped DEX has a significant sedative effect in elderly HBP patients during surgery,and does not produce respiratory depression,can help elderly patients with HBP smoothly pass the perioperative period.