Lipases have catalytic active in both aqueous phase and the non-aqueous phase and have a wide range of application in various industrial areas.However,the high cost of lipase production has restricted its extensive use in industry.Solid state fermentation possesses many advantages,such as low requirement for devices,low energy consumption,low production cost,little pollution to environment and easily being popularized,which have made it an important means in microbial production of lipases.Owing to the rapidly increased energy cost and the people's awareness of environmental protection,the solid state fermentation technique,which was regarded as low-tech in the past,has regained attention and developed rapidly since the 1990s.The production of lipase by SSF technique was reviewed.Mainly contents describe its characteristics,including physical and chemical factors and bioreactors.

Child ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Cystitis ; therapy ; Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy

Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; Humans ; Manganese ; Occupational Exposure

The molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients has been an active field in hematology, oncology, and tumor immunology. More than 2000 tumor antigens have been identified. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on novel anti-tumor immunotherapies in lymphomas, other hematologic malignancies and tumors. However, despite of the progress in the identification of these self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfactory than that expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on the basic principles underlying the selection of these self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen-specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with lymphomas and other malignancies, many additional questions need to be addressed. In this brief review, the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in lymphomas and other malignancies was outlined and the new principles of self-tumor antigens and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies were summarized.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; classification ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Autoantigens ; classification ; immunology ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Lymphoma ; immunology ; therapy ; Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy

Adult ; Chordoma ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Septum ; pathology ; Nose Neoplasms

Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Moxibustion

Animals ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphangiogenesis ; physiology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; metabolism ; physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D ; metabolism ; physiology

dialysis.

The fermentation conditions of alkaline lipase producing by Pseudomonas cepacia PCL-3 were optimized.Based on the analysis of single factorial experiments,dextrin was the most suitable carbon source,peptone and urea were the suitable compound nitrogen sources among the examined materials.Three significant factors(urea,inoculum and initial pH) were selected from the eight factors related to lipase production by Plaekett-Burman method,and were further optimized with response surface analysis.And then,steepest ascent procedures were applied to define the optimal response region of the three factors.The obtained optimal conditions were urea 0.15%,inoculum 3.05% and initial pH 8.38,under which conditions,the enzyme activity was improved from 25.37 U/ml to 48.88 U/ml,enhanced 1.93 folds.Starting from the flask conditions,the highest lipase activity of 47.69U/ml was achieved by batch fermentation in a 10 L fermentor after 52 h of the cultivation.

OBJECTIVE:To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic sparfloxacin for acute bacterial infections.METHODS:Domestic literatures about sparfloxacin for acute bacterial infections were retrieved by computer and their quality was evaluated to extract data(1993～2009).RevMan 4.2.2 software was used for Meta-analysis.RESULTS:A total of 10 RCT were enrolled.The comparisons of 2 groups were homogeneous in terms of clinical cure rate,clinical response rate,bacterial clearance rate and safety.There was statistical significance in comparison of combined effect variable between 2 groups in respect of cure rate,response rate and bacterial clearance rate(P0.05).CONCLUSION:The currently available evidence shows that clinical efficacy of domestic sparfloxacin for acute bacterial infections is better and incidence of ADR was lower.