Objective To investigate the effects of mild hypothermia ( MH ) on the expression of my- eloperoxidase(MPO) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) in rats after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (CIR). Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four control groups (n=6 in each) and four MH groups (n=6 in each).CIR models were established by suture occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery.The rats in the MH groups,but not in the control groups,were treated with MH.Rats were killed at 4 h,8 h,12 h and 16 h after CIR.MPO expression was measured,along with the expression of COX 2 as measured by Western blot- ting and immunohistochemical methods.Results Compared with the control groups,MPO activity and the COX 2 expression in the cortex and striatum were significantly lower in all the MH groups at 4 h,8 h,12 h and 16 h after CIR.Conclusion MH treatment can protect neurons by decreasing MPO activity and COX 2 expression,allevia- ting inflammation and reducing secondary injuries after CIR.

Objective To study the relationship between the changes of ten elemental contents in serum and schizophrenia.Methods Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn) in serum in the of schizophrenic patients and normal subjects are measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, compared the content of elements between the schizophrenia and normal.Results There were significant differences ( P<0.05) in other elements between two groups except lead.The contents of Ca,Fe,Mg,Zn,As,Se,Cu in the patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those in control, while Al, Mn were significantly higher than those in control.Most of elements in serum between case and control groups were correlated (P<0.05).Some of element ratios which have physiological significance were significant statistically (P<0.05), such as: Ca/Mg, Ca/Fe and so on.Conclusion These findings suggest that the patients with schizophrenia might have an abnormal elemental metabolism.Given the relationship among the elements, the element ratios are more valuable in reflecting the relationship between schizophrenia and elements.

Single cell "omics" technology enables the capture of genome, transcriptome, proteome and other omics information in a high-throughput and unbiased manner at single-cell resolution, allowing the characterization of the functional state of individual cells to reveal their heterogeneity and differential responses to drug treatment. This technology has wide application in pharmacological research, facilitating drug screening, efficacy evaluation, and mechanistic studies. We envision that, in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), single cell omics technology can be applied in the identification of active ingredients and drug targets, and elucidation of drug mechanism of action. In this article, we briefly introduce the single cell omics technology - particularly single cell transcriptome sequencing, and review its application in the field of modern drug research. Based on that, we propose the concept of "single cell pharmacology" and articulate how it can be applied to transform the pharmacological research of TCM and promote TCM modernization.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of different expression vectors, target genes, and immunization procedures in transfecting mice via liposome to construct murine model of Graves disease.

METHODSWe linked pCDNA3.1(+) and pUBC to full-length human TSHR and TSHR A subunit cDNA to yield four plasmids, which were later injected intramascularly or subcutaneously into female Balb/c mice via liposome. The blood anti-TSHR antibody (TRAb) were determined and the body weight were measured after each immunization. Serum thyroid hormone levels were measured after the animals were sacrificed.

RESULTSIn mice immunized with pUBC, no significant variance with control in weight nor serum TRAb concentration was observed. Weight gain in pCDNA3.1(+) group was significantlyly slower than controls (p<0.05), and serum TRAb concentration was also significantly elevated. In pCDNA group, animals immunized with TSHR A subunit (TSHRA subgroup) as the target gene revealed even significantly slower weight gain (p<0.001) and even faster TRAb elevation than those immunized with full length TSHR. Significantly higher FT4 (p=0.023) was observed in TSHRA and TSHR subgroups, which was reversely correlated to weight gain, but no significant difference (p>0.05) in FT3 was observed. Weight gain and TRAb concentration mainly varied in the later period of immunization.

CONCLUSIONSImmunization with pCDNA3.1(+) and TSHR A subunit gene together with higher immunization frequency increases the chance of model induction. Furthermore, FT4 is a better indicator for assessing the thyroid function in this model.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Graves Disease ; genetics ; Liposomes ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Receptors, Thyrotropin ; genetics ; Transfection

To describe the unique miRNA profiles for HIV seropositive individuals and identify significantly differently expressed miRNAs, we determined the expression level of 754 miRNAs of 10 HIV seropositive individuals and 10 HIV seronegative individuals by using the Taqman low density microRNA array. BRB-Array Tool was used to conduct the significance analysis, and the DIANA online tool was used to perform the miRNA target prediction and pathway analysis. A total of 56 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by microarray between HIV seropositive and seronegative individuals. Among them, 49 miRNAs were down-regulated and 7 were up-regulated, partially overlapped with reported data. Predicted target genes were mainly involved in MAPK, TGF-beta and Wnt pathways. The results shows that miRNA profile changes in HIV-1 seropositive individuals, and the 56 differentially expressed miRNAs may play important role during HIV infection. Further studies on these miRNAs may be helpful for identify key molecules involved in HIV infection and potential diagnostic markers.
Adult ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; HIV Infections ; blood ; genetics ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; blood ; genetics ; Young Adult

The change in plasma ghrelin level after 4-and 12-week adjunctive therapy of rosiglitazones in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by sulphonylurea alone was observed and the relation between ghrelin and insulin resistance was analysed.The results showed that rosiglitazones significantly increased circulating ghrelin level and obviously decreased insulin resistance index after therapy for 4 and 12 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To investigate the relation between expression of JARID1B/KDM5B in invasive breast cancer tissue and circulating tumor cells of invasive breast patients. Methods The S-P immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of JARID1B/KDM5B in lesions.imFISH method was used to detect circulation tumor cells. Results Twenty-seven cases of patients showed CTC positive(the number of CTC was more than or equal to 2) in 35 invasive breast cancer cases,The results of JARID1B/KDM5B expression were as follows:(-) (n=0) and (+) in 1 case,(++) in 3 cases,(+++) in 23 cases,8 cases of negative cases (the number of CTC < 2), JARID1B/KDM5B immune group of results:(-) (n=2),(+) in 2 cases,(++) in 1 case,(+++) in 3 cases, The positive relation was found in expression of JARID1B/KDM5B and circulating tumor cells(P<0.05). Conclu-sions JARID1B/KDM5B positive expression in tumor tissues has a certain significance in predicting the recurrence and metastasis of tumor.

BACKGROUNDFunctional neuroimaging study has opened an avenue for exploring the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH). The aim of our study was to assess the changes in brain activity in CH patients by the regional homogeneity method using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging technique.

METHODSThe functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for 12 male CH patients with spontaneous right-sided headache attacks during "in attack" and "out of attack" periods and 12 age- and sex-matched normal controls. The data were analyzed to detect the altered brain activity by the regional homogeneity method using statistical parametric mapping software.

RESULTSAltered regional homogeneity was detected in the anterior cingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, and other brain regions involved in pain processing and modulation among different groups.

CONCLUSIONIt is referred that these brain regions with altered regional homogeneity might be related to the pain processing and modulation of CH.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cluster Headache ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the change of paeonol and paeoniflorin, the two major active ingredients contained in Cortex Moutan cultivated in Dianjiang county of Chongqing, due to the change of some influence factors, and explore suitable plant conditions and quality cotrol methods of Cortex Moutan.

METHODPaeonol and paeoniflorin were determined by HPLC in samples from Dianjiang.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe ratio of paeonol and paeoniflorin in Cortex Moutan was regularly influenced by altitude, the growth years and harvest time. Cortex could be cultivated at altitude of 400 m to 800 m but 600 m is the best aria because of the peak of the percentage composition of paeonol and paeoniflorin at 600 m. The first and middle third of October in the fifth year is the best picking time of Cortex Moutan because of the maximum of the percentage composition of paeonol and paeoniflorin.

Acetophenones ; analysis ; Altitude ; Benzoates ; analysis ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seasons ; Soil

Objective This study was operated to investigate the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and physical situations as hypertension and prehypertension among women.Methods Blood pressure,height,weight and waist circumference were measured and factors such as cigarette smoking,alcohol intake,family history of hypertension,were investigated.Blood glucose and lipid,serum uric acid,urinary albumin and urinary creatinine were tested on 1796 women aged ≥30 years living in the Jinchang district of Suzhou.Associations between UACR and hypertension as well as prehypertension were analyzed,by using ordinal multinomial logistic regression models.Results The mean levels of UACR were 15.54 (7.67,32.53),9.01 ( 5.45,18.06),7.13 (4.60,12.50 ) mg/g and the rates of higher UACR were 27.57％,13.42％,9.61％ in hypertensive,pre-hypertensive and normotensive subjects,respectively,with significant differences noticed among the three groups (P＜0.05).The average systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure appeared to be 125.3/80.9,128.8/82.7,130.8/84.0 and 135.1/85.9 mm Hg for participants with UACR in the first,second,third and fourth quartile,respectively.The risks of prehypertension or hypertension increased with increasing UACR levels.Dose-response relationship was seen between UACR and risks of prehypertension or hypertension.Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95％CI) of prehypertension or hypertension in the upper quartiles of UACR were 1.32 ( 1.02,1.70),1.72 ( 1.32,2.24),and 2.37 (1.80,3.11 ),respectively,when compared with the lowest quartile.Conclusion Elevated UACR was associated with both hypertension and prehypertension among women.