Gallstone disease is highly prevalent in clinic,particularly in women and some specific ethnic groups.The formation of water-insoluble cholesterol crystals is due to a misbalance between the three major lipids present in the bile:cholesterol,bile salts,and phospholipids.Many proteins implicated in biliary lipid secretion in the liver are regulated by several transcription factors,including nuclear receptors LXR and FXR.Human and murine genetic,pathophysiological evidence is consistent with the relevance of these nuclear receptors in gallstone formation.In addition,there is emerging data that also suggests a role for estrogen receptor ESR1 in abnormal cholesterol metabolism leading to gallstone disease.A better comprehension of the role of nuclear receptor function in gallstone formation may help doctors to design new and more effective therapeutic strategies for this highly prevalent disease condition.

Introduction: Choledocholithiasis is present in approximately 15-20% of patients with gallstone and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration has been effectively employed many cases currently. National Center for Health Development, Mongolian Ministry of Health, registered 23180 cases of bile duct diseases which were 3.4% of total diseases, 2.5% of total surgery, 12.2% of total gastrointestinal disease, 46.9% of total liver and biliary tract diseases between 2000 and 2006. Biliary tract diseases increased 2.4 times and bile duct surgery increased 5.2 times than 15 years ago in Mongolia. To compare open choledocholithotomy and laparoscopic choledocholithotomy for common bile duct stones. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Mongolian national second central hospital and Inner Mongolian first medical university hospital. The clinical data of the106 patients with common bile duct stones were analyzed between Арril 2015 and Арril 2016. Duration of operation, blood loss, postoperative complication, period of hospital stay and expenditure of treatment were compared in open choledocholithotomy and laparoscopic choledocholithotomy. All patients were placed on a “T” tube drainage. Results: In results of the duration of operation (p=0.001), blood loss (p=0.001) and period of hospital (p=0.01) were significantly lower in laparoscopic choledocholithotomy group Postoperative complications and gastrointestinal function recovery time were lower in laparoscopic group whereas expenditure of treatment were lower in open choledocholithotomy. Conclusion: In conclusion main advantages of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy were reduced duration of operation, blood loss, period of hospital stay and lower postoperative complications however costly.

OBJECTIVETo explore the distribution features of Chinese medical constitutions in different ages population, thus providing scientific evidence of constitution process theory.

METHODSRecruited were 21 948 cases from a survey of Chinese medical constitutions and health conditions in 9 provinces or municipalities across China (including Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi, and Henan) from Dec 2005 to Jan 2007. The body constitution type of individual was diagnosed using discriminant analysis on the basis of Chinese medical constitution questionnaire. By using correspondence analysis, the correlation between the general population, genders, ages, and Chinese medical constitution types was studied.

RESULTSConstitutions of yin-deficiency type, wetness-heat type, qi-depression type, and special diathesis type often occurred in the population ranging 15 -24 years old. Gentleness type mostly occurred in the population ranging 25 -44 years old. During this time period, phlegm-wetness type and wetness-heat type were liable to occur in males, while blood-stasis type was liable to occur in females. Qi-deficiency type and yang-deficiency type were most often seen in those older than 45 years. Phlegm-wetness type and blood-stasis type body constitution were also liable to occur in those older than 45 years.

CONCLUSIONSThe distribution features were different in different Chinese medical constitutions. Different constitution types exist in different genders. Different constitution types exist different ages population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Constitution ; China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Yang Deficiency ; Yin Deficiency

Objective To study the value and limitation in localized,gualified and diffenential diagnosis of primary malignant tumor of chest wall by CT.Methods CT featares of primary malignant tumor in chest wall comfired by pathology in 7 cases were analysed combined with pataologic findings.Results Of 7 patients,5 cases were originated from soft tissue of the chest wall ( 2 liposarcoma,2 fibrosarcoma ,one rhadomyosarcoma).And 1 case was osteosarcoma of sternum and one case was costal chondrosarcoma.CT imaging:the tumor invaded extra-tissue of chest wall in 3 patients and intra tassue of chest wall in 2 patients,both intra and extra tissue of chest wall in 2 patients.Chest bone hed destruction in 5 patients there were metastases of lung in 4 patients.Conclusion CT scan is of some value in evaluating the location,extent and lung invasion of malignant tumor of chest wall.

SUMOylation is a post - translational modification consisting of covalent conjugation of ubiquitin - like proteins called small ubiquitin related modifier ( SUMO ) . SUMO modification has been shown to significantly alter protein activity, which can modulate protein stability, affect protein-protein interactions, and modify protein localization and trafficking. This process adds another layer of control in eukaryote gene expression, and it regulates both transcriptional activation and repression. This article reviews the current situation and future development of SUMOylation in ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological features in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Yichang city, and put forward effective prevention and control measures. METHOD: Collecting the data of allergic rhinitis in city proper from 2010 to 2013, input the data into the database and used statistical analysis. RESULT: In recent years, the AR patients in this area increased year by year. The spring and the winter were the peak season of onset. The patients was constituted by young men. There was statistically significant difference between the age, the area,and the gender (P < 0.01). The history of allergy and the diseases related to the gender composition had statistical significance difference (P < 0.05). The allergens and the positive degree in gender, age structure had statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Need to conduct the healthy propaganda and education, optimizing the environment, change the bad habits, timely medical treatment, standard treatment.
Allergens ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology ; Seasons

Base on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials list that include Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, Dao-di Herbs, the common used herbs, endangered species, to analyze the key-point investigation traditional Chinese medicinal materials list was analysed. Results displayed that the variety number of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China is 894, the variety number of Dao-di Herbs is 495, the variety number of the common use is 326, the variety number of traditional Chinese medicinal materials from endangered species is 280, and during the third national survey of Chinese material medica resources the variety number of traditional Chinese medicinal materials that were analysed is 360. In the list of Dao-di Herbs and common used herbs over 85% are in the list of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, in the list of the common used herbs over 80% are in the list of Dao-di Herbs, in the list of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and Dao-di Herbs over 10% are in the list of endangered species. The key-point investigation traditional Chinese medicinal materials list includes three part, the first part includes 563 variery traditional Chinese medicinal materials that need to statistics quantity of resource by field investigation, the second part includes 457 variery that need to monitor the changing situation, the third part includes 280 variery that need to estimated endangered situation.
Animals ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; economics ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; instrumentation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a modified method of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)--6-o'clock tunnel HoLEP for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSWe included 112 cases of BPH in this study, 57 treated by 6-o'clock tunnel HoLEP (experimental group) and the other 55 by conventional HoLEP (control group). We compared the operation time, volume of the resected prostatic tissue, intraoperative blood transfusion, volume of bladder irrigation solution, postoperative hemoglobin change, and incidence of urinary incontinence between the two groups.

RESULTSStatistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in the operation time ([56.01 ± 8.62] min vs [68.65 ± 9.08] min), cases of intraoperative blood transfusion (0 vs 2), volume of bladder irrigation solution ([27.51 ± 3.67] L vs [36.89 ± 6.47] L), postoperative hemoglobin decrease ([10.70 ± 2.50] g/L vs [12.60 ± 3.30] g/L), and cases of postoperative stress-induced urinary incontinence (2 vs 7) (all P <0.05). One-month follow-up revealed smooth urination in both groups of patients but no true urinary incontinence or secondary bleeding in either.

CONCLUSIONModified 6-o'clock tunnel HoLEP can significantly reduce the operation time, bladder irrigation, and intraoperative bleeding, and therefore can be used as a safe and effective option for the treatment of BPH.

Case-Control Studies ; Hemorrhage ; prevention & control ; Holmium ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Lasers, Solid-State ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; statistics & numerical data ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; etiology

Hyperlipidemia is a major factor causing coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a major indicator for measuring lipid levels. However, there is no an effective medicine that can obviously increase HDL-C at present. According to previous laboratory studies, atractylodes macrocephalae extracts could significantly increase HDL-C level. In this study, the metabolic hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding high-sugar and fat diets and alcohol-drinking to explore the effect and mechanism of atractylodes macrocephalae extracts on hyperlipidemia rats. According to the findingins, different doses of atractylodes macrocephalae extracts could reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ACAT and increase the contents of LCAT, HDL-C. Particularly, the atractylodes macrocephalae extracts (100 mg · kg(-1) group showed increase in HDL-C by about 50% and significant declines in HMG-CoA reductase, TC, TG. In conclusion, Atractylodes Macrocephelae Rhizoma extracts could effectively regulate the dyslipidemia of hyperlipidemia rats, especially on HDL-C. Its mechanism may be related to reduction in cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in livers and increase in lipid metabolism and transport by regulating LCAT and ACAT levels.
Acyl Coenzyme A ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Based on the gene sequence of AIV matrix protein 2(M2) and two cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes derived from nucleoprotein,the prokaryotic expression vector pET-3M2e-NP1-NP2 was constructed.The target gene was expressed in the solvable form in BL21(DE3) when induced with 1.0 mmol/L IPTG and Western blot analysis showed that the expression product had good immunogencity.Purified fusion protein was mixed with various amount of adjuvant,including Freund's,Vash oil and chitosan,and then immunized 20-day-old chicken by intramuscular injection and boosted 3weeks later.Blood samples were collected weekly following the primary vaccination.The anti-M2e antibody was detected with ELISA method with the synthesized peptide as coated antigen;the neutralizing ability of anti-serum was evaluated on MDCK cell line and chick embryo,the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte amounts in peripheral blood of immunized chicken was measured by flow cytometry.Results showed that the fusion protein can induce immunological reaction,and the antibody can bind with the viral M2 protein that expressed on the surface of MDCK cells.Flow cytometry result showed that CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte in peripheral blood increased obviously following immunization(P