1.0～(?)1.5 cm(14.81%)(P=0.10).There was no lymph node metastasis in tumors less than 1.0 cm in diameter. The 5-year survival rates for cases with or without lymph node involvement were 92.31% and 60.0%,respectively,the difference was significant(P=0.000).The 5-year survival rates of 12 patients showing ground-glass opacity(GGO)on chest CT was 91.67% without any lymph node involvement.Conclusions:There is mediastinal and hilar lymph node involvement even with tumor diameter less than 2 cm.The results of the present study suggested that routine lymph node dissection is necessary even for cases with tumor diameter less than 2 cm.However,if the tumor is within 1.0 cm in diameter with obvious GGO showing on chest CT,these are good candidates for partial resection without mediastinal lymph node dissection.

Objective To explore the roles of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and TGF-?1 in aldosterone-induced PAI-1 production.Methods Quiescent rat mesangial cells (MCs) were treated by aldosterone.The level of ROS in MCs induced by aldosterone was measured by confecal laser scanning microscopy and the TGF-?1 activity in the supematant of culture was measured by mink lung epithelial cell (Mvllu) proliferation inhibition MTT assay.Then,before the addition of aldosterone,MCs were pretreated with NAC or TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody to decrease cellular ROS or inhibit activity of TGF-?1 induced by aldosterone respectively.PAI-1 mRNA was examined by semi-quantification RT-PCR and PAI-1 protein by Western blotting.Results The intracellular ROS induced by aldosterone increased by 5-fold compared to that of control group,and the activity of TGF-?1 stimulated by aldosterone increased markedly.TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody and NAC effectively decreased aldosterone-induced PAI-1 mRNA expression by 30% and 32%,and PAI-1 protein expression by 21% and 11%,respectively.However,neither TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody nor NAC alone could regulate aldosterone-induced PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression to normal level in 24 hours.Conclusions ROS and TGF-?1 play important roles in up-regulation of aldosterone- induced PAI-1 in MCs.ROS and TGF-?1 are not the exclusive pathway of PAI-1 expression induced by aldosterone in MCs.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and relationships with c1inicopatho1ogica1 characteristics and their clinical significance. Methods The concentrations of serum VEGF and bFGF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 40 patients with NSCLC before and after chemotherapy. Results The level of serum VEGF in patients with Ⅳ stage NSCLC was significantly higher than that of Ⅲ stage(P

Objective To understand the prevalence and distribution characteristics of symptoms of anorectal diseases in Chinese residents(older than 18) as to provide reference for prevention,care and treatment of anorectal diseases.Methods Stratified sampling was used according to the economic level in every province in the country,and each province selected two cities.Face-toface interviews were used to collect data in 68 906 interviewers and SPSS 17.0 was performed to analyze the data.Results Of 68 906 respondents,25 634 (37.20 ％) reported to suffer from at least one symptoms of anorectal diseases.The prevalence of the top 5 main symptoms of anorectal diseases were prolapse of anus neoplasms(14.55％),anal sore(16.53％),anal pendant expansion (14.98 ％),perianal abscess (5.88 ％),hematochezia (22.52 ％).Each symptom frequency difference was statistically significant (x2=7 727.6,P＜0.001).Populations which proned to suffer from symptoms of anorectal disease had the following characteristics:living in city,male,ageing 25-54 years old,having specialist qualifications,lacking of physical.Conclusion The prevalence of symptoms of anorectal diseases among Chinese residents was high,and each symptom had its distribution characteristics.More targeted interventions should be taken in anorectal disease prone people.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedctomidine pretreatment and postconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 220-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =8 each):sham operation group ( group S),I/R group,dexmedetomidine pretreatment group (group Pre) and dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (group Post).The rats were anesthetized with phenobarbital sodium 65 mg/kg.Renal I/R was produced by occlusion of both renal pedicles for 60 min followed by 48 h reperfusion.Dexmedetomidine 50 μg/kg was given intraperitoneally at 30 min before ischemia and at the beginning of reperfusion in Pre and Post groups respectively.The concentrations of serum creatinine and blood urea were determined at 0,24 and 48 h of reperfusion (T1-3).The renal tissues were obtained at the end of reperfusion for microscopic examination and detection of apoptosis by TUNEL assay.Acute kidney tubular necrosis was scored and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the concentration of serum creatinine and blood urea at T2.3,and acute kidney tubular necrosis score and AI were significantly increased in I/R,Pre and Post groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,the concentration of serum creatinine and blood urea at T2.3,acute kidney tubular necrosis score and AI were significantly decreased in Pre and Post groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both dexmedetomidine pretreatment and postconditioning can attenuate renal I/R injury through inhibition of cell apoptosis in rats.

cycles.

BACKGROUND:Chinese herb Cape Jasmine Fruit can activate the chondrocytes and geniposide is an important component in this herb.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of geniposide on col agen II synthesis in rat chondrocytes cultured in vitro. METHODS:Rat chondrocytes were separated and cultured in vitro. The chondrocytes were then interfered with 25, 50 and 100 mmol/L geniposide. Normal control group was also set. Col agen II mRNA and protein expression was detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:RT-PCR and western blot analysis results showed that, geniposide at 25, 50 and 100 mmol/L increased the col agen II mRNA and protein expression (P<0.01). Geniposide can promote the synthesis of col agen II in rat chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

Keratoconus (KC) is a common cornea ectatic disorder characterized by myopia,irregular astigmatism and other visual impairment caused by corneal thinning and cone-shaped protrusion.With a wide range of effects,the etiology of this disease is unknown,and genetic factors may be involved in its pathogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progress on KC genetic etiology for reviewing the selected candidate genes and loci based on traditional/genome-wide linkage studies,genome-wide association studies and central corneal thickness in recent years.Genetic studies on KC pathogenesis will advance our understanding of this disease and further promote the development of potential therapies.

Objective To summarize the domestic design for placebo acupuncture and the placebo effect and explore an ideal design for placebo acupuncture.Method Three large Chinese databases CNKI, Wan Fang and Vip were searched to systematically review the application of placebo acupuncture in randomized controlled trials published at home in recent 5 years (2011.01—2016.11).Results and conclusions A total of 48 articles were included according the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An analysis was made of the kinds of diseases for acupuncture study, the methods of designing placebo acupuncture, the effects of placebo acupuncture and comparisons with foreign placebo acupuncture. Pain syndrome and insomnia were the main kinds of diseases for acupuncture study, accounting for 10 and 8 articles respectively. Acupuncture needles were the main kind of needles for placebo acupuncture, accounting for 66.6%. Sites beside acupoints were the main positions selected for placebo acupuncture, accounting for 58.3%. Not penetrating the skin predominated in the depth of needle insertion, accounting for 37.5%. The kinds of needles for placebo acupuncture were fewer than abroad. The effects of placebo acupuncture were not superior to those of acupuncture.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of oleanolic acid-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS ) nanoparticles (OPTN ) combined with heparin sodium-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (HPTN)on liver cancer,and explore whether OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect by comparing the results of single medication.Methods Coumarin 6 and eosin were used as fluorescent probes to examine the cellular uptake by human liver cancer HepG2 cell and murine ascitic hepatocarcinoma cell strain with high metastasis potential in the lymphatic system (HCa-F).The in vitro cytotoxic combination effect and apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by OPTN combined with HPTN were also determined using WST-1 assay and Annexin V-FITC staining. The antitumor effect in vivo was determined by tumor growth inhibition rate and hematoxylin & eosin staining (H & E)method.Results Both OPTN with green fluorescence and HPTN with red fluorescence were found in HepG2 cells and HCa-F cells,suggesting that they had been internalized.The cell cytotoxicity test and Annexin V-FITC staining results showed that OPTN combined with HPTN had a synergistic effect.The therapeutic effect in vivo showed that OPTN combined with HPTN effectively inhibited tumor growth better than the drug alone.Conclusion OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect in more effectively inhibiting liver cancer better than single medication.