Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Mouth Diseases ; Syndrome

The effective quality control in clinical practices is an effective guarantee for the authenticity and scientificity of the findings. The post-marketing reevaluation for traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) focuses on the efficacy, adverse reaction, combined medication and effective dose of drugs in the market by expanded clinical trials, and requires a larger sample size and a wider range of patients. Therefore, this increases the difficulty of quality control in clinical practices. With the experience in quality control in clinical practices for the post-marketing reevaluation for Kangbingdu oral for cold, researchers in this study reviewed the study purpose, project, scheme design and clinical practice process from an overall point of view, analyzed the study characteristics of the post-marketing reevaluation for TCMs and the quality control risks, designed the quality control contents with quality impacting factors, defined key review contents and summarized the precautions in clinical practices, with the aim to improve the efficiency of quality control of clinical practices. This study can provide reference to clinical units and quality control-related personnel in the post-marketing reevaluation for TCMs.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; methods ; Quality Control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; drug therapy

From cooperation between World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS) and World Health Organization, works of academics and standardization, acupuncture-moxibustion education, technique service, organization development, etc., the 27-year development of WFAS since 1987 was summarized and reviewed in details. The growth of WFAS witnesses and promotes the development of acupuncture and moxibustion in the world, so by learning the experience and lessons, WFAS could have a wider path, becoming a core organization for communicating and promoting the development of acupuncture, even the traditional medicine in the world.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; organization & administration ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; standards ; Global Health ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history ; standards ; Societies ; history ; World Health Organization

The history of the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS) was reviewed through summarizing the background and process of the establishment of WFAS. The establishment background was explained in different aspects, named the recovery of acupuncture-Moxibustion in the world, the successive setup of world acupuncture-Moxibustion organizations, the divergences of International Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, striding forward of China reform and opening policy as well as the attention of the World Health Organization (WHO), etc. The establishment of WFAS was introduced on the proposal from eight countries, the important time of the development of acupuncture and moxibustion in China, 1984, divergences and consensus as well as the final phase. The official establishment of WFAS represents the global benefits of acupuncture-Moxibustion colleagues. It is the international organization of acupuncture and moxibustion, contributing to the promotion of acupuncture and moxibustion in the world.
Acupuncture ; history ; organization & administration ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

The five-flavor theory of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and the flavor efficacy generation mechanism has long been focuses and difficulties in studies on traditional Chinese medicinal properties. In this paper, by using the pharmacophore-based virtual screening technique, the authors discussed the relations between the pungent property and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by studying the TCM components' role in regulating TRPV1 ion channel. The results showed that the matching relationship between TRPV1 agonist pharmacophore model and TCM chemical components could identify the active ingredients from pungent herbs. Therefore, the authors proposed that TRPV1 is one of the potential targets for efficient pungent herbs. The pungent property of TCMs is decided by its chemical components, and consistent with the inherited and additive characteristics.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Smell ; TRPV Cation Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Taste

Maca as one of the star products in the international health care market in recent years, had a wide range of application value and promoted to all over the world. However, the basic research of Maca was not deep, lack of systematic and clear efficacy studies. Market products hype its aphrodisiac effect, which greatly impact more systematic in-depth research and exploration. Therefore, this paper briefly summarizes advance research in recent years including the status quo of the resources, growth cultivation, phytochemical, pharmacological effect and other aspects, which can provide reference for rational development and utilization of Maca.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology

With the deployment of electronic medical records systems, more and more routine clinical data are recorded electronically, which become a potential data source for new drug clinical trials. In this paper, we summarized the opportunities, challenges, obstacles and the latest development in this field.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; methods ; Drug Evaluation ; Electronic Health Records

Aim To investigate the method of establishing the atopic dermatitis mice model induced by calcipotriol ( MC903 ) . Methods Induction dose exploratory experiment: since d 0, 0.33,1,3 nmol MC903 was smeared on the right ear of BALB/c mice in each dose group respectively , for 7 consecutive days . The ear swelling degree of the mice was observed every day and the bilateral ears thicknesses were measured .The materials were drawn and analyzed in d 3 and d 7.Induction days exploratory experiment: 2 nmol MC903 was smeared on the right ear of BALB/c mice, for 14 consecutive days .The ear swelling degree of mice was observed every day and the bilateral ears thicknesses were measured .The histopathological examination of the right ear was conducted in 3 d, 7 d, 11 d and 15 d respectively .The tissue homogenate of the mice right ear was prepared .The ex-pressions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP),IL-33, IL-4 and IFN-γin the homogenate , CD40 +,CD86 +,the DC surface markers and ILC2 contents in the peripheral lymph nodes were detected.Results ①1,3 nmol MC903 induced ear swelling in mice was significantly increased in d 3, the levels of TSLP and IL-4 were significantly increased .The level of IL-33 in 3 nmol dose group was increased significantly in d 7.② The right ear swelling of 2 nmol MC903 induced atopic dermatitis mice was significant , the ear thickness was increased gradually and reached the peak in d 14.The histopathological examination of the mice ear tissue showed in d 7, the right ear tissue of the mice was swelling and red , the capillary vessels were dilated and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was obvious .The ear in-flammatory symptoms maintained and gradually aggravated for 15 days.Compared with the normal mice , MC903 increased the TSLP level in the right ear tissue homogenate significantly in d 3 and then decreased gradually .The levels of IL-4 and IL-33 were increased significantly in d 7 and then decreased gradually .The levels of ILC2, CD40 +, CD86 + in the peripheral lymph nodes were increased in d 7 and d 15.Conclusion The atopic derma-titis mice model can be successfully established using 2 nmol MC903 induced mice for 7 days.Appropriate testing point of TSLP is d 3.Appropriate testing point of IL-33 and IL-4 is d 7.

Objective We sought to develop Nurse Job Performance Scale and test its validity and reliability.Methods Initial version of Nurse Job Performance Scale was formulated by using literature review and qualitative interview.By cross-sectional investigating of 562 nurses in coastal cities by convenience sampling as well as screening and selecting items through item analysis,the validity and reliability was tested under the statistics.Results Three factors containing 14 items were extracted by using exploratory factor analysis:work coordination,working enthusiasm and work involvement.The average value of factor loading was between 0.643～0.839,the 3 factors explained 73.9％ of the total variance.The total Cronbach's α was 0.937 and the Cronbach's α coefficients of every dimension were between 0.767～0.930.Conclusions Nurse Job Performance Scale has good validity and variability.