Diabetic retinopathy (DR),one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus,leads to the increasing blindness rate,which seriously affects the quality of life in diabetic patients.Although the actual mechanism of DR is not yet completely clear,mounting evidence suggests that the development of DR may be associated with inflammatory processes and inflammatory factors,such as C-reactive protein (CRP),chemotatic factor,adhesion molecule,interleukin,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),serum amyloid A (SAA).Usage of glucocorticoids,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),minocycline and anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit inflammatory process would be a new approach to the treatment of DR.This article reviews the current studies about the effects of inflammatory reaction and inflammatory factor in the pathogenesis of DR,mechanism of suppressing inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory factor in the treatment of DR.

OBJECTIVE To analyze and evaluate the risk factors,clinical characteristics and prevention counter-measures of hospital fungal infection in patients with gynecological malignant tumors.METHODS The clinical data of hospital fungal infection in 19 cases from 213 tumor patients were reviewed.RESULTS The infection rate was up to 8.92%.The locations of infection were genital tract(73.68%) and then the mouth cavity(21.05%);the key fungi were Candida albicans and C.glablata.CONCLUSIONS The key to reduction of hospital fungal infection after malignant tumors is to reduce susceptible factors,enhance immunity and timely examine and treat the infection.

AIM: To optimize technique for preparing curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles by film-ultrasonic dispersion. METHODS: The influence of various factors,including the consumption of curcumin,stearic acid,lecithin and tween-80,and their effects on the entrapment efficiency and the ratio of loading drug were investigated.And the optimum formula was selected through uniform design test. RESULTS: Under the condition of 30 mg of curcumin,60 mg of lecithin,117 mg of stearic acid and 10 mL of tween-80(1.0%) curcumin solid lipid nanoparticals had good size distributions.The mean particle size diameter was 58.0 nm and the average entrapment efficiency and the ratio of loading drug approached 95.98% and 15.87%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The technique for preparing curcumin solid lipid nanoparticals N by film ultrasonic method is feasible.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of myocardial damage by combined determination of cardiac troponin I(cTnI),myoglobin(MYO) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB mass(CK-MB mass) in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods The concentrations of serum cTnI,MYO and CK-MB mass were measured in 148 patients with HIE(61 mild,52 moderate and 35 severe) and in 60 healthy subjects by microparticle chemiluminescent immunoassay.Results The study revealed that patients with severe and moderate HIE had sighifieant high levels of cTnI,MYO and CK-MB mass as compared with those with mild HIE and controls(analysis of variance ,P0.05).Not only in mild HIE but also in moderate HIE as well as in severe HIE in the first day of life,the abnormal ratio of MYO were the highest.In the third day of life,the seroprevalence of cTnI,MYO and CK-MB mass in mild HIE group were 6.56%,9.84% and 8.20%,respectively;and those of moderate HIE group were 42.31%,44.23% and 42.31%,respectively;and severe HIE group had the highest abnormal ratio of cTnI(77.14%),MYO(74.29%) and CK-MB mass(77.14%).After the third day,the concentration of MYO in three HIE groups kept reduced but the CK-MB mass and cTnI increased to the peak and maintained above one week at higher levels.Conclusion There is a close association between the cardiac dysfunction and cerebral injury in neonates with HIE.The more cerebral injury the patients have,the more severe cardiac dysfunction they would suffer.

It is necessary to have a research on dental fluorosis in a population to minimize the prevalence and severity of caries.It is important to research the pathogenesis of enamel fluorosis and prevention and control of dental fluorosis and caries.This article reviews the progress in chemistry and biology of dental fluorosis.

Objective: To observe the histomorphology/pathology changes and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in drowning rats brain, in an attempt to explore new pathways for treatment of water drowning. Methods: The animal model of freshwater drowning was established with rats. The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: control group, drowning-to- death group and 2 min-drowning group (including 5 subgroups survived for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 40 hours after being drowned in water for 2 min [n=10]). Brain indices of rats in each group were detected and the pathological changes of cerebral tissues were observed; the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were detected immunohistochemically and the correlation between them was analyzed. The dynamic blood oxygen saturation was detected in rats survived for 40 h after 2 min-drowning at different points. Results: Brain index of the drowning group and groups surviving for 24, 40 hours after drowning were obviously higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Brain indices of the drowning-to-death group and the 24 h, 40 h survival groups were obviously higher than that of the control group; and those of the 3 h, 12 h survival groups were obviously lower than that of the drowning-to-death group but higher than that of the normal control group (P<0.05). The blood oxygen saturation was (59=5)% immediately after drowning and then gradually increased and reached the normal level after 12 h. The cerebral edema appeared 3 h after drowning and was gradually aggravated from 12 h to 24 h after drowning, then slightly relieved 40 h after drowning. There was no expression of HIF-1α in the control group and lower expression in drowning-to-death group; the expression of HIF-1α gradually increased with the increase of drowning period and reached peak 12 h after drowning(P<0.05); the expression of VEGF had a similar pattern to HIF-1α. The expression of HIF-1α was positively correlated with that of VEGF(r=0.629,P<0.05). Conclusion: Freshwater drowning can cause serious cerebral injury. The brain can be protected from oxygen deficiency by promoting synthesis of HIF 1α and subsequent upregulation of VEGF expression.

Radioactive 125I interstitial brachytherapy is easy to cause the intestinal tract tissue damage.Its mechanism possibly correlates to the quick renewal speed of the intestinal tract tissue and a majority of ceils in M, G2 and late S phases. The tolerant dose of intestinal tract tissue is approximately 160 Gy. If the absorbed dose is higher than the tolerant one, the intestinal tract tissue will be damaged. In the clinical practice of radio-active 125I interstitial brachytherapy, through the strict plan of the TPS system before the operation, by using ul-trasound, CT, MR/and other imaging technologies in the operating process and establishing the suitable barrier protection between the seeds and intestinal tract tissue, the radioactive damage of the intestinal tract tissue my be reduced.

Objective To study the immunomodulation effects of different dosage of dexmedetomidine (Dex)in the septic shock model of rats after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Methods After CLP, 48 wistar rats were randomly (random number)allocated in four groups:(1)CLP group;(2)small-dose Dex group [2.5 μg/(kg·h)];(3)medium-dose Dex group [5.0 μg/(kg·h)];(4) large-dose Dex group [10.0 μg/(kg·h)].HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen-DR)and plasma cytokine (IL-4, IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α)were measured,meanwhile mean arterial blood pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR)and mortality were also documented at 1,3,and 5 h after the CLP procedure.Results There were no obvious differences in HLA -DR level,levels of inflammatory mediators,MAP and HR among there Dex treatment groups.Compared with CLP group,HLA-DR level decreased in three Dex treatment groups (P =0.020)and pro-inflammatory mediator (IL-6)increased at 3 h (P =0.011 )then declined at 5 h with decreased HR (P <0.01),and without obvious change in MAP (P =0.124),and all of them led to a significantly decrease in the mortality.The mortalities in CLP group,small dose group,medium dose group and large dose group were 91.7%, 66.7%, 25.0% and 18.0%, respectively. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine used in rats with septic shock rats partially induced immunomodulation initiated within 5 h after CLP evidenced by decreased HR,maintenance of MAP and reduction of mortality rate in dose-dependent fashion.

With the progress of imaging techniques, the diagnosis rate for portal vein thrombosis (PVT), that is used to be considered as a rare disease, has been rapidly increasing. PVT can be caused by systemic reasons such as various thrombophilic risk factors as well as a lot of local reasons such as cirrhosis, abdominal trauma and infection, malignant tumor, etc. At present, PVT is classified into acute and chronic entities based on the duration of clinical symptoms as well as on the presence or absence of portal cavernous transformation. The clinical manifestations and the treatment principles of the acute and chronic PVT are quite different. For acute PVT, the principle of treatment is to reopen the obstructed portal vein and to prevent the thrombus from entering into the superior mesenteric vein, while for chronic PVT the principle of treatment is focused on the management of the complications due to portal hypertension. The interventional management of portal thrombus plays an important role in reopening portal vein, reducing complications caused by portal hypertension, and restoring portal blood flow, etc. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the etiology and management of portal vein thrombosis.