Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment results of the traumatic perforation of the esophagus.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed in 19 cases with the traumatic perforation of the esophagus hospitalized.Results Treatment options ranged from aggressive to conservative management.Repair of esophageal perforation was performed in 9 cases,cervical drainage in 2 cases and conservative treatment in 8 cases.17 cases recovered from the disease,making up 89.5%the mortality rate was 10.5%.Conclusion In order to increase the recovery rate and decrease the mortality.it is important to diagnose and treat the disease in it's early phases.

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive prevention and control of soil?transmitted nematodiasis in Runzhou District Zhenjiang City Jiangsu Province from 1997 to 2012. Methods The comprehensive prevention and control measures included the helminthicide health education improvement of water supplier and harmless toilets and these mea?sures were implemented continuously. At the same time the infection rates of soil?transmitted nematodes the local economic in?dicators and the coverage rates of tap water and harmless toilets were surveyed. Results The mass chemotherapy was per?formed for 202 100 person?times and the diagnosed chemotherapy was performed for 2 006 person?times in Runzhou District from 1997 to 2012. The awareness rates of health knowledge were 57.18%in 1997 and 95.62%in 2012. The coverage rates of tap water and harmless toilets were 10.14%and 10.21%in 1997 and 100.0%and 90.38%in 2012 respectively. There were negative correlations between the awareness rate of per capita GDP per capita net income coverage rates of tap water cover?age rates of harmless toilets health knowledge and the infection rate of soil?transmitted nematodes respectively rper capita GDP=-0.526 P 0.05 rper capita net income=-0.671 P 0.01 rcoverage rates of tap water=-0.936 P 0.01 rcoverage rates of harmles toilets=-0.922 P 0.01 rawarenes=-0.774 P 0.01 . The statistical analysis showed that the infection rate of soil?transmitted nematodes had a downward trend as an expo?nential curve in Runzhou District from 1997 to 2012 y=42.031 7e?0.357 6x R2=0.803 6 F=57.28 P=0.000 . The infection rate of degradation by an annual rate was 29.18%. The infection rate in farmers was significantly higher than that in students χ2=17.998 P 0.01 . There was no significant difference between men and women in the infection rate of soil?transmitted nema?todes χ2=3.627 P=0.057 . Conclusion The comprehensive prevention and control measures and the development of so?cial economy contribute to the steady decline of soil?transmitted nematode infections.

Objective:To investigate the values of Ki-67 expression level and 4 molecular types for risk classification of prognosis in patients with medulloblastoma (MB).Methods:A retrospective study of 92 MB patients who underwent surgery and were confirmed by postoperative pathology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2009 to January 2018 was performed. The clinical data and survival data of the patients were collected and sorted out. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was performed. Risk stratification of prognosis of patients was performed according to the Ki-67 expression level combined with molecular typing, the low-risk group had Ki-67 positive index ≤50% and WNT or SHH subtype, the medium-risk group had Ki-67 positive index ≤50% and GROUP 3 or GROUP 4 subtype, or Ki-67 positive index >50% and WNT or SHH subtype), and the high-risk group had Ki-67 positive index >50% and GROUP 3 or GROUP 4 subtype. The differences in OS and PFS among different risk groups were compared. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess factors affecting the survival of patients.Results:There were 50 cases (54.3%) with Ki-67 positive index ≤50% and 42 cases (45.7%) with Ki-67 positive index >50%. The 5-year PFS rate and OS rate of patients with Ki-67 positive index ≤50% were 46.9% and 63.1%, and patients with Ki-67 positive index >50% were 28.5% and 32.0%, there were statistical differences in PFS and OS between the two groups ( P values were 0.020 and 0.028). There were 16 cases (17.4%) of WNT subtype, 14 cases (15.2%) of SHH subtype, 40 cases (43.5%) of GROUP 3 subtype and 22 cases (23.9%) of GROUP 4 subtype, their 5-year PFS rates were 78.0%, 76.0%, 19.2% and 19.9%, respectively, and their 5-year OS rates were 82.1%, 76.0%, 40.2% and 0, respectively. MB patients with GROUP 3 or GROUP 4 subtype had poorer PFS and OS than patients with WNT or SHH subtype ( P values were 0.003 and 0.039). Ki-67 expression level and molecular typing were combined to carry out risk classification of prognosis. There were 12 cases (13.0%) in the low-risk group, 56 cases (60.9%) in the medium-risk group, and 24 cases (26.1%) in the high-risk group . There were statistical differences in PFS and OS among MB patients in low-, medium- and high-risk groups (both P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that radiotherapy and risk classification of prognosis as medium risk and low risk were independent protective factors for PFS (radiotherapy vs. no radiotherapy: OR = 0.263, 95% CI 0.124-0.556, P < 0.001; medium-risk group vs. high-risk group: OR = 0.069, 95% CI 0.008-0.581, P = 0.014; low-risk group vs. high-risk group: OR = 0.260, 95% CI 0.131-0.514, P < 0.001); radiotherapy and risk classification of prognosis as low risk were independent protective factors for OS (radiotherapy vs. no radiotherapy: OR = 0.221, 95% CI 0.097-0.503, P < 0.001; low-risk group vs. high-risk group: OR = 0.328, 95% CI 0.150-0.717, P = 0.005). Conclusions:The expression level of Ki-67 and 4 molecular types are related to the prognosis of MB patients. The combination of the two can be used to classify the prognosis risk of MB patients, which has reference significance for the prediction of prognosis of patients and the selection of individualized treatment plans.

OBJECTIVETo study the population genetic variation, genetic diversity and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis in China.

METHODSAnopheles sinensis samples collected from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with different geographical conditions between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA-COI) gene amplification and sequencing. Bioedit 7.0 and DnaSP 5.0 software was used to compare the gene sequences and analyze the population genetic structure, respectively. Arlequin 3.1 was used to calculate the genetic distance and parameters of population differentiation. The relationship between the geographic and genetic distances was analyzed using IBD Web Service. PHYLIP 3.6 was used to construct the phylogenetic tree.

RESULTSPCR amplification and sequencing was performed successfully for 6 Anopheles sinensis populations containing 123 female mosquitoes. The length of mtDNA-COI gene fragment was 841 bp with an average A+T content of 71.2% and G+C content of 28.8%. High nucleotide diversity and genetic differentiation were observed among the Anopheles sinensis populations based on mtDNA-COI gene. Analysis of the molecular variance revealed a greater variation between populations than that within populations with isolation by distance between the populations. The Anopheles sinensis populations appeared to have undergone expansion, but the Yunnan population constituted an isolated branch in the phylogenetic tree.

CONCLUSIONmtDNA-COI can serve as the molecular marker to analyze population genetic variation and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis. The Yunnan population shows a phylogenetic difference from the other populations analyzed in this study.

Animals ; Anopheles ; genetics ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Phylogeny

The technical operation criteria and clinical application guidelines for pediatric nuclear medicine include information related to the preparations,precautions,responsibilities of nuclear personnel,dosage of radiopharmaceutical,history-taking,imaging protocol,as well as indication and safety,focusing primarily on the usual pediatric nuclear medicine examinations.The purpose of the criteria and guidelines is to offer nuclear medicine physicians a framework that could prove practical and helpful in daily clinical practice.

Objective To study the population genetic variation, genetic diversity and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis in China. Methods Anopheles sinensis samples collected from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with different geographical conditions between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA-COI) gene amplification and sequencing. Bioedit 7.0 and DnaSP 5.0 software was used to compare the gene sequences and analyze the population genetic structure, respectively. Arlequin 3.1 was used to calculate the genetic distance and parameters of population differentiation. The relationship between the geographic and genetic distances was analyzed using IBD Web Service. PHYLIP 3.6 was used to construct the phylogenetic tree. Results PCR amplification and sequencing was performed successfully for 6 Anopheles sinensis populations containing 123 female mosquitoes. The length of mtDNA-COI gene fragment was 841 bp with an average A+T content of 71.2% and G+C content of 28.8%. High nucleotide diversity and genetic differentiation were observed among the Anopheles sinensis populations based on mtDNA-COI gene. Analysis of the molecular variance revealed a greater variation between populations than that within populations with isolation by distance between the populations. The Anopheles sinensis populations appeared to have undergone expansion, but the Yunnan population constituted an isolated branch in the phylogenetic tree. Conclusion mtDNA-COI can serve as the molecular marker to analyze population genetic variation and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis. The Yunnan population shows a phylogenetic difference from the other populations analyzed in this study.

Objective To study the population genetic variation, genetic diversity and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis in China. Methods Anopheles sinensis samples collected from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with different geographical conditions between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA-COI) gene amplification and sequencing. Bioedit 7.0 and DnaSP 5.0 software was used to compare the gene sequences and analyze the population genetic structure, respectively. Arlequin 3.1 was used to calculate the genetic distance and parameters of population differentiation. The relationship between the geographic and genetic distances was analyzed using IBD Web Service. PHYLIP 3.6 was used to construct the phylogenetic tree. Results PCR amplification and sequencing was performed successfully for 6 Anopheles sinensis populations containing 123 female mosquitoes. The length of mtDNA-COI gene fragment was 841 bp with an average A+T content of 71.2% and G+C content of 28.8%. High nucleotide diversity and genetic differentiation were observed among the Anopheles sinensis populations based on mtDNA-COI gene. Analysis of the molecular variance revealed a greater variation between populations than that within populations with isolation by distance between the populations. The Anopheles sinensis populations appeared to have undergone expansion, but the Yunnan population constituted an isolated branch in the phylogenetic tree. Conclusion mtDNA-COI can serve as the molecular marker to analyze population genetic variation and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis. The Yunnan population shows a phylogenetic difference from the other populations analyzed in this study.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Since December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and spreads rapidly to all through Hubei Province and even to the whole country. The virus is 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), never been seen previously in human, but all the population is generally susceptible. The virus spreads through many ways and is highly infectious, which brings great difficulties to the prevention and control of NCP. Based on the needs of orthopedic trauma patients for emergency surgery and review of the latest NCP diagnosis and treatment strategy and the latest principles and principles of evidence-based medicine in traumatic orthopedics, the authors put forward this expert consensus to systematically standardize the clinical pathway and protective measures of emergency surgery for orthopedic trauma patients during prevention and control of NCP and provide reference for the emergency surgical treatment of orthopedic trauma patients in hospitals at all levels.