OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economic effects of three therapeutic schemes for chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:116 patients with chronic hepatitis B were divided into 3 groups:Group A(n=38) received lamivudine(100 mg?d-1,po) for 6 months;Group B(n=38) received IFN?-2b(3million IU?d-1,im) for 4 weeks followed by IFN?-2b(im,3million IU,qod);Group C(n=40) received IFN?-2b(3million IU?d-1,im) for 4 weeks followed by IFN?-2b(im,3million IU,qod) plus lamivudine(po,100 mg?d-1).The course of treatment for the three groups all lasted for 6 months.The cost-effectiveness of the three groups was evaluated using the principle of pharmacoeconomics.RESULTS:In A,B,and C groups,the costs were 3 420,12 168 and 15 588 Yuan,respectively,and the HBV-DNA negative changing rates were 44.7%,47.4% and 67.5%,respectively.The increment in cost for one more unit of effectiveness was 324 000.00 Yuan in Group B and 53 368.42 Yuan in Group C as compared with Group A.CONCLUSION:Scheme C is the optimal one pharmacoeconoically.

0.05); and in combined test,the combined ORe=1.94 (95% confidence interval ranged from 1.53 to 2.44,Z=5.58,P

Objective:TCM Gegen extract(puerarin)and glucose tolerance factor(GTF) can regulate glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism.The purpose of research is to observe effect of the comoles compound of puerarin and GTF at molecular level on diet-induced obesity in rats.Methods:Male SD obese rats,induced by high fat feed,were randomly divided into fi ve groups:obese model group,positive medicine control group,the groups with small,middle and large of puerarin and GTF,and normal control group.The rats were given medicine for four weeks,body weight of every week,and lipid were measured.Results:After being fed the comoles compound of puerarin and GTF at molecular level for four weeks,the weight growth of rats was slowed down,the level of the following quota:TG,TC,serum insulin and serum leptin declined,the level of HDL-C increased.Compared with obese model group,there was a difference(P

Objective: To study the protective effect of baicalin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and its correlation to myocardial cell autophagy in experimental rats. Methods: The animal models were established by intragastric infusion at 7 days prior operation in different groups.Atotal of 48 rats were divided into 4 groups: Sham operation group, Sham+baicalin group, Ischemia reperfusion (IR) group and Baicalin treatment group. n=12 in each group. Hemodynamics at different time points and myocardial infarction (MI) size at 45 min after reperfusion were recorded; protein expressions of LC3-II and autophagy-related Becl-1 at 30 min after reperfusion were examined by Westernblot analysis; the opening condition of mitochondrial membrane channel transition pore (mPTP) was detected by NAD+ content. Results: The MI sizes in Sham operation group and Sham+baicalin group were too small to compare; MI sizes in IR group and Baicalin treatment group were (41.32±1.85) % vs (23.30±1.60) %, P<0.001. Protein expressions of LC3-II in IR group and Baicalin treatment group were (1.051±0.005) and (0.863±0.009) which were both higher than Sham operation group (0.763±0.007), P<0.01;Becl-1 were (1.169±0.002) and (0.943±0.005) which were both higher than Sham operation group (0.647±0.014),P<0.01; LC3-II and in Becl-1 expressions in Baicalin treatment group were decreased than IR group, P<0.01. NAD+ contents (by nmol/mg) in IR group and Baicalin treatment group were (6.02±0.33) and (9.56±0.53) which were both lower than Sham operation group (11.28±0.37), P<0.001; NAD+ content in Baicalin treatment group was increased than IR group,P<0.01. Conclusion: Baicalin had no autophagy effect in normal myocardial cells, but it may decrease the MI size and reduce excessive autophagy in myocardial cells after IR which might be related to inhibiting mPTP opening.

Objective To study the protective effect of Xingnaojing combined with alprostadil on brain after acute ischemic stroke in rats.MethodsSixty patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in zhejiang xin'an international hospital from March 2014 to March 2016.They were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 30 cases in each group.The control group received conventional treatment plus alprostadil, the treatment group in the control group based on the combination of Xingnaojing treatment.Two groups of patients after treatment, are given nursing intervention, such as routine diet guidance, nutritional support, health education.The levels of serum oxidative stress (MDA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.The levels of cerebral blood flow (CBFV) were recorded before and after treatment Observe the adverse reactions during treatment.ResultsAfter 14 days of treatment, the NIHSS score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group and the ADL score was higher than that of the control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).Before treatment, the oxidative stress indexes MDA and Hcy were no significant difference between the two groups.After treatment, the oxidative stress indexes MDA and Hcy were lower than the control group(P<0.05).Before treatment, the levels of VEGF and CBFV in the two groups were no significant difference between the two groups.After treatment, the levels of VEGF and CBFV in the two groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).The adverse reaction rate between the 2 groups was similar, and there was no significant adverse reaction, there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionXingnaojing combined with alprostadil has a certain clinical effect on acute ischemic stroke, and has a good protective effect on brain tissue after reperfusion.

Objective:In this article, pueraria extract combined with glucose tolerance factor(GTF) , extracted from yeast, at molecular level.We studied the mechanism ofnew compatibility ofTCM on target organ in treating obesity and analyzed the TCM's theory ofcompatibility with mutual reinforcement and searched a new breakthrough on grouping prescriptions ofTCM.Methods:We study the pharmacodynamics ofpueraria extract(puerarin)combining with GTF by being compared with puerarin, GTF and control medicine respectively by determining the gene expression ofleptin receptor(OB-R).Results:At the fourth week, compared with the obesity model group, the expression ofOB-R in the puerarin combining with GTF group increased significantly(P

Objective To explore the significance of 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(18F?FDG PET/CT)in the etiological diag?nosis of postoperative intestinal obstruction in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods A total of 51 patients with postoperative intestinal ob?struction undergone 18F?FDG PET/CT were enrolled for the study. The images were interpreted by visual and semi?quantitative analysis(maximum standard uptake value,SUVmax). All the cases were confirmed by pathology and clinical follow?up for more than half a year. The sensitivity,specifici?ty and accuracy of 18F?FDG PET/CT for detecting malignant intestinal obstruction were calculated. Results Of the 51 patients,35 cases were con?firmed for malignant intestinal obstruction,and 16 cases were caused by other benign diseases. 18F?FDG PET/CT imaging was positive in 36 cases, and 33 cases were diagnosed as malignant and recurrent intestinal obstruction. Three cases of PET false?positive were peritonitis adhesion and anasto?motic inflammation. Two cases of PET false negative were peritoneal micrometastasis. The SUVmax of malignant lesions was 8.86±4.82,and the SUVmax of benign lesions was 2.05±1.95. The uptake of FDG was significantly higher in malignant intestinal obstruction than in benign intestinal obstruction (t=7.15,P<0.01). The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 18F?FDG PET/CT diagnosis of malignant lesion were 94.3%,81.3%,and 90.2%, respectively. Conclusion The uptake of 18F?FDG in malignant intestinal obstruction was higher than that in benign intestinal obstruction. 18F?FDG PET/CT have a good diagnostic value for the intestinal obstruction of postoperative gastrointestinal cancer.

Background and purpose:The proportion of incidental thyroid cancer in PET imaging was sig-niifcantly increased with the wide application of18F-FDG PET/CT. The correlation between the glucose metabolism of thyroid incidental thyroid cancer and pathological changes is unclear. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the glucose metabolism by18F-FDG PET/CT and tumor differentiation or lymph node metastasis in patients with incidental thyroid cancer.Methods:A total of 195 patients with focal FDG-avid thyroid incidentaloma during cancer evaluation were enrolled. Fifty-three patients were diagnosed as having thyroid cancer by the pathology. The SUVmax of thyroid cancer foci, lesion size, lesion number, and SUVmax of normal thyroid tissue were quantiifed. The tumor pathological grades and lymph node metastasis were analyzed by the pathology. The patients were broken down into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) according to the tumor pathological grades and lymph node metastasis (differentiated thyroid cancer, non-differentiated thyroid cancer, without lymph node metastasis and with lymph node metastasis). The differences of glucose metabolism between G1and G2groups, G3 and G4 groups were analyzed.Results:Fifty-three foci were found by PET imaging. Sixty-two foci were found by the pathology (37 papillary thyroid carcinoma, 4 follicular thyroid carcinoma, 9 medullary thyroid carcinoma, 3 poorly differentiated thyroid cancer). The SUVmax in the normal thyroid tissue, G1and G2were 1.51±0.30, 4.25±1.70 and 6.34±2.45, respectively. The SUVmax in the G1and G2were signiifcantly higher than in the normal thyroid tissue (t=11.0,t=7.10,P<0.01). The SUVmax of G3was 4.77±2.15, and the SUVmax of G4group was 4.67±2.02. The differences between G1and G2groups, G3 and G4groups were not statisti-cally signiifcant (t=3.61,P>0.05;t=0.33,P=0.56).Conclusion:The differentiated incidental thyroid carcinoma and non-differentiated incidental thyroid carcinoma had high glucose metabolism, and there was no signiifcant difference in the levels of glucose metabolism in different differentiation degree and metastasis ability cancer.

Objective To compare the imaging features of 18F-FDG PET/CT in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and tuberculosis pleural effusion (TPE).Methods From January 2012 to December 2014,93 patients (52 males,41 females,and average age (66.7±12.7) years) with unexplained pleural effusion who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively studied.MPE and TPE were confirmed by histology,cytology or clinical follow-up.Lesion SUVmax and T/NT were calculated.Both lesion size and density (in Hounsfield units) of pleural abnormalities on CT images were measured.The difference of images between MPE and TPE was analyzed.Diagnostic efficiency of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting MPE and TPE were estimated.Two-sample t test and x2 test were used to analyze the data.Results The lesion SUVmax of 66 patients with MPE and 27 patients with TPE was higher than that in normal tissues (7.72±6.50,8.43±4.92;t=7.81 and 7.15,both P＜0.01),but there was no statistical difference between the TPE and MPE (t=0.56,P＞0.05).T/NT was not significantly different between MPE and TPE (5.40±4.29,5.20±2.73 respectively,t=-0.22,P＞0.05) either.The uptake features of 18F-FDG were different between MPE and TPE (x2=29.3,P＜0.01).When the nodular 18F-FDG uptake increase in pleura was taken as the malignancy,diffuse 18F-FDG uptake increase in pleura as tuberculosis,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 78.8％ (52/66),81.5％ (22/27),91.2％ (52/57),61.1％ (22/36),respectively,for differentiation of MPE from TPE.Primary cancers were found in 43 patients.When the nodular uptake increase in pleura,or primary cancer associated with increased pleural uptake found by PET was taken as the malignancy,the above mentioned parameters were95.5％(63/66),81.5％(22/27),92.6％(63/68),88.0％(22/25),respectively.Conclusions The 18FFDG uptake in MPE and TPE is higher than that in normal tissues.18F-FDG PET/CT is helpful in the search for the primary tumor of MPE.Qualitative method of 18F-FDG PET/CT has a good value in the differentiation of MPE from TPE.

Objective To explore the characteristic of SPECT/CT imaging of osteolytic lesions with increased bone metabolism and its correlation with CT manifestation. Methods Twenty?one cancer patients with bone metastases underwent 99 Tcm?MDP SPECT/CT imaging ( 13 males, 8 females; age: ( 60. 52 ± 6?85) years) were retrospectively studied. The imaging characteristic of the lesion with high uptake of 99Tcm?MDP was observed and the correlation between the lesion/background ( L/B ) ratio and CT manifestation were analyzed. One?way analysis of variance, two?sample t test and linear correlation analysis were used. Results A total of 111 lesions were found in 21 patients by 99 Tcm?MDP whole?body bone scan, and 125 le?sions were found by SPECT/CT imaging, including 111 lesions with increased bone metabolism and abnor?mal CT manifestation and 14 osteolytic lesions with decreased bone metabolism. In 111 lesions with in?creased bone metabolism, there were 23(20.72%) osteolytic lesions, 54 (48.65%) osteoblastic lesions and 34 (30.63%) mixed lesions. The L/B ratio of osteolytic lesions with increased bone metabolism (11.82± 6?61) was lower than that of osteoblastic lesions (20.03±13.24) and that of mixed lesions (25.42±19.51;F=6.00, P<0?05) . The CT value of osteolytic lesions with increased bone metabolism was higher than that of osteolytic lesions with decreased bone metabolism :(167.53±79.21) HU vs (88.63±49.16) HU; t=3?345, P<0.05. The L/B ratio of lesions with increased bone metabolism was positively correlated to CT val?ue(r=0.404, P<0?05). Conclusions A part of lesions with increased bone metabolism on SPECT/CT im?ages are osteolytic lesions. The L/B ratio of them is positively correlated to CT value. SPECT/CT imaging can reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.