Objective To observe the effect of glycyrrhizin (CG) on the proliferation and the expressions of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 in human keratinocytes cell line HaCaT cells, and to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of CG in the pa?tients with psoriasis. Methods The HaCaT cells were divided into four groups:blank group (without CG), low concentration group (50μL CG/mL cell supernatant), medium concentration group (100μL CG/mL cell supernatant) and high concentra?tion group (200μL CG/mL cell supernatant). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the prolifer?ation of HaCaT cells that were treated with CG at different concentrations respectively for 24 hours. The contents of IL-2 and IL-4 in HaCaT cells were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the blank group, there were obviously inhibitory effects in the proliferation of HaCaT cells treated by low,medium and high concentra?tions of CG for 24 hours. There was no significant difference in IL-2 level between low concentration CG group and blank group (ng/L:234.51±17.98 vs 225.31±16.23, P>0.05). After 24 hours of intervention with CG of medium and high concen?trations, the expression levels of IL-2 was significantly lower in HaCaT cells than that in blank group and low concentration group. The IL-2 level was significantly lower in high concentration group than that in medium concentration group (ng/L:188.99±19.22 vs 208.49±18.40, P<0.05). At the same condition, the secretion of IL-4 in HaCaT cells was significantly up-regulated in high concentration group than that in other three groups (ng/L:45.67±10.29 vs 37.62±3.90, 39.68±6.08, 43.85± 10.26, P<0.05). Conclusion Glycyrrhizin may suppress the proliferation of human skin keratinocytes by regulating secre?tion of cytokines IL-2 and IL-4.

In order to clarify the cellulose-utilizing mechanism of the Cerambycidae, the microorganism in the Apriona germari(Hope) larvae's gut was cultured and identified. A strain of facultative anaerobic cellulose-utilizing bacteria was isolated from the midgut fluid of A. germari larvae with the cellulose-congo red agar medium. The colonies of the bacteria were white and round with regular margin. Clear zones of cellulolysis surrounding the colonies might reach 10m～20mm. The size of the bacteria was 0.5μm～0. 8μm× l～3μm approximately. The cell was gram-positive rod with polar flagella. It hadn't spores. With the results of biochemical tests, the bacteria were tentatively identified as Cellulomonas.

Objective To explore the changes in regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with CCVI.Methods Twenty patients diagnosed as CCVI were enrolled to undergo single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)rCBF imaging or transcranial Doppler uhrasonography(TCD)examination.All the patients were free from cerebral structural abnormalities as demonstrated by X-CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Cranial arteries blood flow velocity,pulsating index(PI)were measured by TCD and compared with the mean of rCBF as measured by SPECT.Results On SPECT images, decreased rCBF lesions were found in 95 percent of patients(19/20).The areas of hypoperfusion were mainly located in frontal,temporal,parietal lobes and fondues nodus.Increased cranial arteries blood flow velocity was found in the anterior cerebral artery(ACA)and middle cerebral artery(MCA)in 80 percent of patients (16/20).There were no correlations among rCBF,the decreased percentage of rCBF,average velocity,and PI of cranial arteries.Conclusions By performing SPECT rCBF and TCD on CCVI patients,the degree of changes in rCBF and hemodynamics Can be evaluated easily,which is valuable for early clinical diagnosis and treatment of CCVI.

In order to clarify the cellulose utilizing mechanism of the Cerambycidae, the microorganism in the Apriona germari(Hope) larvae’s gut was cultured and identified. A strain of facultative anaerobic cellulose utilizing bacteria was isolated from the midgut fluid of A. germari larvae with the cellulose congo red agar medium. The colonies of the bacteria were white and round with regular margin. Clear zones of cellulolysis surrounding the colonies might reach 10mm～20mm. The size of the bacteria was 0.5?m～0.8?m?1～3?m approximately. The cell was gram positive rod with polar flagella. It hadn't spores. With the results of biochemical tests, the bacteria were tentatively identified as Cellulomonas.

Objective To observe the surface structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells in situ with atomic force microscope (AFM). Methods Fresh aorta and aortic valve were dissected from 10 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits. Before fixed in 1% formaldehyde, the fresh tissues were washed in the buffer phosphate solution. Under general microscope, the fixed aorta or valve was spread on the double side stick tape which had already been stuck on the glass slide. The intima of aorta or the aorta side of valve was towards upside. Then the specimen was dried under 37 degrees centigrade in an attemperator and was washed with pure water. After dried again, the specimen was loaded on the platform ofNanoScope llla AFM and was scanned in tapping mode with the scanning speed of 0.5 HZ. Results The surface structures of endothelial cell on the fixed and dried tissue could be obsserved clearly in situ with AFM. Aortic endothclial cells were large, branched and arranged sparsely and parallel to the direction of blood flow, whereas endothelial cells on aorta valve surface were small, less branched and arranged intensively and vertical to the direction of blood flow. When the scanning range was dwindled, granular ultra-structures could be observed on the surface of endothelial cells, and, as the scanning range was dwindled further, fissure and convolution could be seen on the surface of granules from aortic endothelial cells. Centre cavity and surrounding swelling volcano-like structure could be seen on the surface of granules from endothelial cells of aortic valve. Conclusions It's feasible to observe the surface ultra-structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells in situ with AFM and morphological information provided by A FM might be of clinical value in future histopathological diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the early warning effect of glomerular filtration rate on cerebralmicrobleeds (CMBs) in patients with lacunar infarction. Methods A retrospective study was performed. One hundred and sixty-eight patients with lacunar infarction from January 2015 to January 2018 were selected in Tai′an Central Hospital. The CMBs group and non-CMBs group were classified according to susceptibility weighted imaging. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was obtained. According to the MDRD formula, the indicators of renal dysfunction in patients with different degrees of cerebral microbleeds were compared, and the related risk factors of cerebral microbleeds were analyzed by single factor and multivariate analysis. Results The blood high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in CMBs group than that in non-CMBs group: (4.29 ± 3.86) mg/L vs. (2.58 ± 2.74) mg/L, P < 0.01. The proportion of patients with elevated eGFR in CMBs group was significantly higher than that in non-CMBs group: 40.7%(33/81) vs. 11.4%(10/88), P<0.01. There were significant differences in the proportion of hypertension history [83.3% (50/60) vs. 52.4% (11/21), χ2＝6.947,P＝0.008], serum creatinine(SCr) value[(113.75 ± 71.23) μmol/L vs. (75.38 ± 38.36) μmol/L, t＝－2.346,P＝0.021] and eGFR value [(91.58 ± 31.87) ml/(min·1.73 m2) vs. (109.95 ± 29.47) ml/(min·1.73 m2),t＝2.316,P＝0.023] between CMBs groups with different distribution (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of hypertension ( OR＝5.408; 95% CI 1.518-19.267, P＝0.008) was the risk factor of CMBs in deep/ subtentorial group.The urea nitrogen (BUN)value increased (χ2＝28.150, P < 0.01), SCr value (χ2＝47.610, P < 0.01) increased, and eGFR value (χ2＝39.067,P<0.01) decreased with the severity of CMBs, and the differences were statistically significant. The proportion of CMBs in patients with eGFR decreased group(76.7% , 33/43) was significantly higher than that in normal eGFR group (38.1%, 48/126), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝19.188, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis of multiple factors affecting cerebral microbleeds showed that history of hypertension ( OR＝3.135; 95% CI 1.343-7.321, P＝0.008), elevated hs-CRP( OR＝1.233; 95% CI 1.098-1.385, P < 0.01), eGFR decreased ( OR＝1.025; 95% CI 1.002-1.048, P＝0.033) were risk factors for cerebral microbleeds. The area under the ROC curve of eGRF was 0.694 (P＝0.042). Conclusions A history of hypertension is a risk factor for deep/infratentorial CMBs. Decreased glomerular filtration rate is an independent risk factor for cerebral microbleeds. Therefore, reminding clinicians to actively diagnose and treat patients with glomerular filtration rate decline has important clinical significance for preventing the occurrence and development of cerebral microbleeds.

Objective To analyze the consistency between computer tomography angiography(CTA)and digital subtraction angiography(DSA)in evaluating the global limb anatomic staging system(GLASS)stage of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia(CLTI).Methods The clinical data of patients with CLTI,who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University of China to receive treatment between January 2017 and December 2020,were retrospectively analyzed.Taking the DSA assessment as the gold standard,the consistency of CTA and DSA in evaluating the GLASS stage of patients with CLTI was analyzed.Results In the assessment of GLASS stage of CLTI,CTA showed strong agreement with DSA.The weighted Kappa coefficient of CTA and DSA for the staging of femoropopliteal segment was 0.798(95％CI=0.722-0.873,P＜0.01),and the weighted Kappa coefficient of CTA and DSA for the staging of infrapopliteal artery segment was 0.785(95％ CI=0.725-0.845,P＜0.0l).For the overall staging of GLASS,the weighted Kappa coefficient of CTA and DSA was 0.832(95％ CI=0.752-0.91 1,P＜0.01).All the above results indicated that a very strong consistency existed between CTA and DSA in evaluating the GLASS stage of patients with CLTI.Conclusion CTA examination of lower limb can accurately evaluate GLASS score and stage of CLTI patient's target lesions,which is helpful in diagnosing lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion disease as well as in assessing the technical difficulty degree of its revascularization operation.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:300-303)

Objective:To analyze the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributed to low physical activity (LPA) and its changing trends in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods:On the basis of the province results of the Study of Global Burden of Disease 2019 in China, we described the distribution of CVD death and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) attributed to LPA by sex, age and province. Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 was used to calculate the average annual percentage change.Results:In 2019, the number of CVD deaths and DALY attributed to LPA in people aged ≥25 years were 0.127 million and 1.863 million person-years in China, respectively, The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and standardized DALY rate of CVD attributed to LPA were slightly higher in men than in women, and much higher in ischemic heart disease patients than in ischemic stroke patients. The ASMR (8.85/100 000) and the standardized DALY rate (112.34/100 000) of CVD attributed to LPA in China in 2019 showed no obvious change compared with 1990, while decreased in the last decade. The largest increases in the mortality rate and DALY rate were observed in people aged ≥75 years from 1990 to 2019 (26.89%, 15.61%), but the mortality rate and DALY rate in people aged 60-74 years showed a decreasing trend. The mortality rate and DALY rate in men aged 25- 44 years showed the largest increases (37.50%, 35.49%), while women aged ≥75 years had the largest increases (31.00%, 18.02%). In 2019, the highest ASMR and standardized DALY rate of CVD attributed to LPA were found in Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. The largest increases were found in Qinghai (182.41%, 154.70%), Gansu (181.29%, 152.77%), and Chongqing (132.01%, 102.79%) and the largest decreases were found in Beijing (59.11%, 62.09%), Macau (41.89%, 39.37%) and Guangdong (36.93%, 40.72%) from 1990 to 2019.Conclusion:The disease burden of CVD attributed to LPA in China was quite high and showed gender, age and area specific differences.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the methodological quality of screening guidelines for upper gastrointestinal cancer (including esophageal cancer and gastric cancer) both at home and abroad, and provide reference for the update of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening guidelines in China.Methods:Original articles and grey literature published as of 31 th Aug 2020 were retrieved using Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and China Guideline Clearinghouse), PubMed, The Cochrane Library and Embase, as well as those from International Agency for Research on Cancer and the International Guide Collaboration Network. The inclusion criteria were being independent guidelines/recommendation documents for upper gastrointestinal cancer screening and meeting the definition of the institute of Medicine, USA. The exclusion criteria were being guideline abstracts, interpretation and evaluation literature, duplicate publications, updated original guidelines, and clinical treatment or practice guidelines for esophageal or gastric cancer. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE Ⅱ) and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) were used to compare and evaluate the quality and reporting standard of esophageal or gastric cancer screening guidelines. Results:A total of 6 esophageal cancer screening guidelines and 5 gastric cancer screening guidelines were included. The results of the AGREE Ⅱ quality evaluation showed that the overall quality of eleven guidelines varied, including two guidelines recommended for "A", one for "B", five for "C" and three for "D". The guidelines had higher scores in the areas of scope and purpose, and clarity. The esophageal cancer screening guidelines had different scores in the areas of rigor and independence. The gastric cancer screening guidelines generally had low scores in the areas of participants and application. The RIGHT evaluation results showed that the quality of eleven guidelines should be improved. The six items with poor report quality were background, evidence, recommendations, review and quality assurance, funding and conflict of interest statement and management and others.Conclusion:The quality of the included upper gastrointestinal cancer screening guidelines is general, and the standardization needs to be strengthened.

Objective: To detect the possible molecular mechanisms of the formation of vessels that encapsulated tumor clusters (VETC) and identify the relationship between vimentin protein expression in endothelial cells and contrast-enhanced ultrasound characters in VETC (+ ) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A total of 64 paraffin embedded HCC tissue samples were collected, all of which the tumor diameters were between 2 cm and 5 cm measured by the preoperative ultrasound. Immunohistochemistry staining for CD34 was used to detect the formation of VETC and the expressions of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vimentin were also determined. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 150 ng/ml recombinant human Ang-2 protein (rhAng-2) at various times and the protein expression of vimentin was detected by western blot assay. The contrast-enhanced ultrasound characters were also analyzed in both VETC (+ ) and VETC (-) HCC. Results: Tumor clusters encapsulated by vessels to form cobweb-like networks, which were identified as VETC phenotype, were observed in 27 HCC tissues (42.18%). In VETC (+ ) HCC tissues, Ang-2 was overexpressed in tumor cells and endothelial cells while vimentin was only upregulated in endothelial cells. With the treatment of 150 ng/ml rhAng-2 protein, the expression of vimentin in HUVECs was 0.878±0.102 and 0.918±0.092 at 12 h and 36 h, significantly upregulated when compared to the 0.322±0.061 at 6 h (P<0.01). In contrast-enhanced ultrasound, a crack and tendon-like filling character was observed in VETC (+ ) HCC during the arterial-phase, while the large scale and diffuse-like filling character was observed in VETC (-) HCC. The filling time of unit diameter in VETC (+ ) HCC was (3.95±0.22)s, significantly longer than (2.28±0.27)s of VETC (-) HCC (P<0.01). Conclusions The overexpressions of Ang-2 and vimentin are positively correlated with the formation of VETC and considered as potential therapeutic targets of VETC (+ ) HCC. The crack and tendon-like filling characters in arterial-phase of contrast-enhanced ultrasound indicates the VETC (+ ) HCC.