In recent decades, with the development of electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques, the researchers found that spinal cord injury (SCI) not only caused pathological changes in the spinal cord, but also in the brain. This paper reviewed the influence of SCI on the structure and function of the brain in terms of brain neuron degeneration caused by SCI, the changes of neurotrophic factor in brain, and the side-effects of medicine.

Objective To determine the effects of tacrolimus (FK506) pretreatment on the liver ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury.Methods 32 mature SD rats were randomly assigned into four groups,which were sham-operated group (S),ischemia reperfusion group (IR),low-dose FK506-treated group (L) and high-dose FK506-treated group (H).After the treatment of liver ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 6 hours,the levels of serum ALT and AST in rats were tested.The TNF-α and IL-1β levels were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Liver damage was assessed by paraffin sections stained with H&E.The quantitative real-time PCR,the immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HMGB1 mRNA and protein with or without FK506 pretreatment.Results The levels of serum ALT [(424.0 ± 137.4)U/L,(291.0 ±42.0)U/L],AST [(554.2 ± 127.7)U/L,(410.2 ±7.0)U/L],TNF-α [(115.1±49.0)ng/L,120.4±28.5) ng/L] and IL-1β [(424.5 ±105.2) ng/L,(612.1 ± 49.6) rig/L] decreased markedly in the group L and group H compared with the group IR (P ＜ 0.05).The liver in the IR group showed hepatic sinusoids congestion,neutrophil infiltration and necrosis.In contrast,tissue damage of the L group and the H group was significantly decreased.The expressions of HMGB1 mRNA and protein reduced significantly when pretreatment with FK506 after reperfusion (P ＜ 0.01).However,there was no significant difference between the group L and group H (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion FK506 pretreatment can protect the liver by reducing the expression of HMGB1,inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and alleviating cell necrosis after the liver ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury on hindlimb dysfunction in rabbits.Methods Twenty-eight health adult rabbits were distributed into normal control group (n =4) and model group (n =24) according to the random number table.The modelof spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by selective occlusion of lumbar arteries.The model group were submitted to ischemia for 30 min (Group Ⅰ),60 min (Group Ⅱ) and 90 min (Group Ⅲ) before the reperfusion with 8 rabbits each.Jacobs score,Reuters score and Rivlin inclined plane test were used to evaluate the hindlimb function in each Group at days 1,3 and 7 after reperfusion.Changes in nerve conduction function in each group were observed using the cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP).Results At days 1,3 and 7,the paraplegia rates in group Ⅰ were 50％,38％ and 38％ respectively,in Group Ⅱ were 75％,88％ and 100％,and in Group Ⅲ were all 100％.Paraplegia rate differed significantly among the three groups at 1 d and 3 d (P ＜ 0.01).Paraplegia rate differed significantly in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ when compared to that in Group Ⅰ at 7 d (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference between Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＞ 0.05).With the prolongation of reperfusion,the Reuters score in Group Ⅰ dropped but not differed from that in control group (P ＞ 0.05);the Reuters score in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased and differed from that the control group (P ＜0.01),but the difference between Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).Critical angle and obstacle rate of the inclined plane in control group were (68.4 ± 3.0)° and 0％.One day after reperfusion,critical angles of the inclined plane in Groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were (58.8 ± 4.1) °,(38.5 ± 2.8) ° and (29.8 ± 1.8) °,and the obstacle rates were (14.5 ± 0.9) ％,(43.6 ± 2.4) ％ and (56.0 ± 2.9) ％.There were significant differences compared to control group (P ＜ 0.01).Slight decrease in critical angle of the inclined plane but a minor increase in the obstacle rate was detected in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ at 3 d and 7 d after reperfusion,and the differences were significant compared to control group (P ＜ 0.01).Three days after reperfusion,critical angle of the inclined plane raised and obstacle rate of the inclined plate fell in group Ⅰ,not significantly different from these in control group (P ＞ 0.05).Latencies of CSEP N1 and P1 waves in Group Ⅱ [(33.1 ± 1.8) ms and (58.6 ± 4.0) ms] were longer than these in control group [(23.7±0.5)msand (48.1±4.1)ms]andgroup Ⅰ [(26.2±0.7)ms and (50.2±4.2)ms] (P＜ 0.01) 7 days after reperfusion,but the differences between control group and Group Ⅰ were insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).While the CSEP wave disappeared in Group Ⅲ.Conclusions Severity of spinal cord inschemia/reperfusion injury is related to the duration of ischemia.Hindlimb dysfunction caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury is characterized mainly by spastic paraplegia.

Objective To study the effect of body weight management on community residents with over-weight or obesity.Methods Chronic Disease Management Information System was used to establish personal health profile for 10 560 individuals with over-weight or obesity(4660 men and 5900 women,average age 58±12 years).Guide for individualized food intake,physical activity were given to these participants for an average of 9±6 months (range,1 to 32 months) with a following up.The change of body weight before and after the intervention was nalyzed.Statistical software(SPSS 12.0) wag used for the data analysis,the frequencies,rate and trend were analysised by the chi-square test,the means in quatitaitve data was analyzed by the paired t-test.P valuse for statistiacal significance is set for 0.05.Results A total of 9848 participants showed no change in body weight,although weight decrease or increase was seen in 499 and 213,respectively.Before and after the intervention,the proportion of weight remained,decrease or increase among over-weisht + central obesity individuals was 92.3%(6290/6817),5.9%(403/6817) and 1.8% (124/6817);95.5%(2888/3024),2.8%(84/3024) and 1.7%(52/3024) among the simple overweight or obesity group;and 93.2%(670/719),1.7%(12/719)and 5.1%(37/719) among the simple central obesity group,separately.Conclusions Body-weight management among central obesity individuals with over weight in communities is a more effective way of in terms of individule intervention than those individuals only with single over-weight,obesity or central obesity status.

Objective To investigate the effects of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF)and sperm morphology on the fertilization and embryo development in ICSI.Methods SDF and sperm morphology were detected in the meanwhile of taking eggs in 1 45 ICSI treatment cycle.On the basis of SDF index (DFI)divided into group A (DFI≤30%)and group B (DFI >30%).According to the normal sperm morphology divided into group C (NMSR≥4%), group D (1 %≤NMSR <4%),group E (NMSR <1 %).According to the sperm DFI and NMSR divided into group F (DFI≤30% and NMSR≥4%)and group G (DFI >30% and NMSR <4%).Statistically analyzed ICSI outcome of research group:fertilization rate,embryo utilization rate,good quality embryo rate,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate.Results (1 )The normal fertilization rate,embryos utilization rate,good quality embryo rate,implan-tation rate in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (χ2 =6.96,8.95,5.49,3.92,all P <0.05), but clinical pregnancy rate had no significant difference (χ2 =1 .08,P >0.05).(2)The normal fertilization rate was statistically significant in group C,group D,group E (χ2 =34.5,65.8,11 .8,all P <0.05),but there were no significant differences in embryo utilization rate,good quality embryo rate,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate (P >0.05).(3 )The normal fertilization rate,embryo utilization rate,good quality embryo rate,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in group F were significantly higher than those in group G,and normal fertilization rate,embryos utilization rate,good quality embryo rate had statistically significant differences (χ2 =37.5,1 1 .0,4.3,all P <0.05). Conclusion Sperm abnormal morphology has negative effect on fertilization,and the high DNA fragments have negative effects on fertilization and embryo development.

Objective To investigate the treatment outcome of modified intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)using zona pellucida(ZP)-bound sperm.Methods 82 patients with less,weak,abnormal sperm disease who were conformed to ICSI,were divided into traditional ICSI group and the group of modified ICSI using ZP-bound sperm according to ICSI case number.The results of normal fertilization rate,cleavage rate,high-quality embryo rate, planting rate,clinical pregnancy rate and early abortion rate were compared.Results The women's age,the sterility year,mature egg rate,normal fertilization rate,cleavage rate in the two groups had no statistically significant differ-ences (all P>0.05).The planting rate and clinical pregnancy rate of the observation group (46.6%,63.3%)were higher than those of the control group(38.5%,53.6%),but there were no statistically significant differences(all P>0.05).The using embryo rate and high-quality embryo rate of the observation group (73.9%,51.0%)were signifi-cantly higher than those of control group(65.8%,38.6%),the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =5.84,χ2 =11.6,all P<0.05).Conclusion Modified ICSI using ZP-bound sperm can effectively improve the embryos quality in ICSI.

Background The objective of this study was to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of vena cava filter (VCF) placement,with particular emphasis on the incidence and risk factors of inferior vena cava thrombosis (VCT) after VCF placement.Methods Clinical data of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE),with or without placement of VCF,were analyzed in a retrospective single-center audit of medical records from January 2005 to June 2009.The collected data included demographics,procedural details,filter type,indications,and complications.Results A total of 168 cases of VTE (82 with VCF; 86 without VCF) were examined.Over a median follow-up of 24.2months,VCT occurred in 18 of 82 patients with VCFs (11 males,7 females,mean age 55.4 years).In 86 patients without VCFs,VCT occurred in only 6 individuals (4 males,2 females) during the study period.VCT was observed more frequently in patients fitted with VCFs than in those without VCFs (22% vs.7.0%).Conclusions The incidence of VCT in patients with VTE after VCF implantation was 22% approximately.Anticoagulation therapy should be continued for all patients with VCF placement,unless there is a specific contraindication.Almost all instances of VCT in patients with VCF implants in our study occurred after stopping anticoagulation treetment.The use of VCFs is increasing,and more trials are needed to confirm their benefit and accurately assess their safety.

Objective To encode the protein cystatin M with CST6 gene and construct a CST6-overexpression vector,and transfect it into the gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 in order to observe the effect of cystatin M on the proliferation and migration abilities of SGC-7901 cells.Methods There were three groups in the experiment:pcDNA3.1(+)-CST6 group,pcDNA3.1 (+)group and non-transfected group.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to identify the RNA expression of CST6 in SGC-7901/CST6 cells.The proliferation and migration abilities of the transfected cells were detected by MTT and cell wound healing assay,respectively.Results SGC-7901/CST6 cells stably expressed CST6 gene RNA and cystatin M protein.The proliferation and migration of pcDNA3 .1 (+)-CST6 group cells were reduced compared with those of cells in the other two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Cystatin M can inhibit the proliferation and migration of SGC-7901 cells.

Objective To explore the relationship among social support, postpartum depression and quality of life of puerperal women. Methods A total of 348 puerperal women were investigated with Postnatal Social Support Questionnaire,Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between social support and the quality of life (r=0.483, P < 0.01), and a significant negative correlation to postpartum depression (r=-0.243, P < 0.01),and a significant negative correlation between postpartum depression and quality of life (r=-0.408, P<0.01). Intermediary effect of postpartum depression was tested. Conclusions A good social support system is benefit to improve depression scores for EPDS, and promote the life quality in puerperal women.

Objective To study the differentiation and proliferation ability of the spinal neural stem cells (NSCs) at different gestational ages in fetal rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley fetal rats were divided into group A (12 days of pregnancy), group B (14 days of pregnancy) and group C (16 days of pregnancy). NSCs were separated with enzyme-assisted microdissection. The diameter and numbers of NSCs balls were measured at different time. The cell growth curve was drawn with CCK8 colorimeter. NSCs were identified with BrdU/Nestin immunohistochemical staining. They were induced with 10% fetal bovine serum for 10 days, and the expression of β-tubulinⅢ and glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected with immunocytochemistry. Results There were cells expressed BrdU, Nestin, β-tubulinⅢ and GFAP in all the group. The most cells (22.74±0.79%) expressed β-tubulinⅢ in the group B, but no significant difference between group B and group C. The cell vitality on the 5th day of third-generation neural stem cells was the most in group B. Conclusion For enzyme-assisted microdissection, it may obtain more neurons to isolate the neural stem cells from 14 days of pregnancy pregnant rats.