DNaseⅠhypersensitive sites (DHSs) are regions of extreme chromatin which is highly sensitive to DNaseⅠ.Ge-nome-wide mapping DHSs is a powerful method for identifying many different types of regulatory elements within nuclear chromatin .It can help systematically resolve gene and genomic information , and the dynamic molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation .This paper reviews the distribution of DHSs , the technology of DNase-seq and the research progress in transcriptional regulation functions of DHSs.

This review focuses on the current literatures on the therapeutic potential of non-renal derived adult stem cell transplantation for kidney disease.Although the therapeutic mechanism remains debatable,some reports suggest that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation holds potential for treatment of renal diseases such as renal ischemia reperfusion injury,IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) are capable of homing to injured kidney and contribute to activate intrinsic kidney cells,promote angiogenesis,inhibit oxidative stress and reduce apoptosis,inflammation and renal fibrosis.These renoprotective effects are likely mediated by paracrine/autocrine mechanism via cytokine and microvesicles from MSC.Pluripotent stem cells may be induced from fibroblast,mesangial cells,renal tubular epithelial cell and urine epithelial cell.Induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC) can differentiate into renal lineage cells.The derivation of kidney disease-specific iPSC opens new avenues for the resolution to limited donor availability in kidney transplantation and for treating kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Objective To investigate the hemostasis effect of alginate dressing for puncture point bleeding after peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) by ultrasound-guided modified Seldinger technique (MST).Methods Between November 2013 and May 2016, 538 cases of cancer in our department underwent PICC, including 270 cases from November 2013 to February 2015 selected as control group (after PICC was successfully placed, sterile gauze and 3M transparent film were used to fix the puncture point) and 268 cases from March 2015 to May 2016 selected as observation group (after PICC was successfully placed, alginate dressing, sterile gauze and 3M transparent film were used to fix the puncture point).The patients in both groups were given 20 minutes of pressure for puncture point and elastic bandage compression fixation for 24 h.The degree of puncture point bleeding and times of dressing change in 24 h and 24-72 h between the two groups were compared.Results In the observation group, mild, moderate, and severe bleeding was seen in 232 cases, 34 cases, and 2 cases within 24 h, and in 242 cases, 25 cases, and 1 case between 24-72 h, respectively.In the control group, mild, moderate, and severe bleeding was seen in 12 cases, 196 cases, and 62 cases within 24 h, and in 21 cases, 212 cases, and 37 cases between 24-72 h, respectively, with significant differences (Z=-18.647, P=0.000;Z=-18.768, P=0.000).In the observation group, there were zero, once, twice, and ≥3 times of puncture point dressing change in 232 cases, 33 cases, 3 cases, and 0 case within 24 h and in 242 cases, 25 cases, 1 case, and 0 case between 24-72 h, respectively.In the control group, there were zero, once, twice, and ≥3 times of puncture point dressing change in 12 cases, 196 cases, 51 cases, and 11 cases within 24 h and in 21 cases, 209 cases, 37 cases, and 3 cases between 24-72 h, respectively, with significant differences (Z=-18.560, P=0.000;Z=-18.755, P=0.000).Conclusion The hemostasis effect of alginate dressing for puncture point bleeding after ultrasound-guided PICC by MST is satisfactory.

Objective To test using musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) to observe uncovertebral joints (UJs) and to explain the ultrasound images of UJs and their adjacent tissues,especially the vertebral artery (VA).Methods MSUS was used first with human skeletons and cadavers to localize the UJs and VA on the MSUS images with the aid of implanted needles.MSUS was then used with a patient clinically diagnosed with cervical spondylosis of the vertebral artery type (CSA) to detail the image of a normal UJ and its relationship with the adjacent tissues,especially the VA.Whether there was a lateral spur from the uncinate process (UP) was assessed to try to establish a method for measuring osteophytes.Results During the examination the patient was in supine,the neck was elevated 15cm with a pillow and was at 45 degrees of rotation to the contralateral side.The probe was placed at the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.When the longitudinal section of the common carotid artery was shown,the probe was slowly moved laterally until the VA first appeared,and then was moved up along the VA.Once the VA entered the transverse foramen,moving the probe slightly allowed the UJ behind the VA to be seen between two transverse processes.The UJ thus lies between two transverse processes,that is,between the lateral margins of two vertebral bodies and outside the intervertebral disc.The echo of the lateral border of the UP is on a straight line with the echo of the lateral margin of the vertebral body,with the VA in front of the line.It was noticed that the image of a UP with lateral osteophyte formation crossed the line and reached closer to the VA.The transverse diameter of the UJ was measured as the distance from a line cutting the lateral cortical margin of the cervical vertebra to the outer cortical margin of the lateral UP.Conclusion MSUS can clearly show the UJ and its adjacent tissues,especially the VA.It can be used to assess and measure UJs with lateral osteophyte formation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of topical anesthesia with inhaled aerosolized lidocaine during tracheal intubation under the guidance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in patients with cervical cord injury complicated with high paraplegia. Methods Sixty-four patients with cervical cord injury complicated with high paraplegia were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 32 each): group Ⅰ aerosol inhalation and group Ⅱ spray and cricothyroid membrane puncture. In group Ⅰ aerosolized 2% lidocaine was inhaled. In group Ⅱ after the pharynx and larynx was sprayed with 2% lidocaine, cricothyroid membrane puncture was performed and then 2% lidocaine 2 ml was injected. Midazolam 0.01 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg were injected iv in both groups 15 min before tracheal intubation guided by FOB. During tracheal intubation guided by FOB, the intubation condition was assessed, and MAP, HR, ECG and SpO2 were monitored. Results The satisfactory rate of intubation condition and success rate of intubation under the guidance of FOB were significantly higher, and the incidences of arrhythmia and bad memory lower in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The topical anesthesia with inhaled aerosolized 2% lidocaine is helpful for improving the FOB-guided tracheal intubation condition, and can reduce the occurrence of adverse effects in patients with cervical cord injury complicated with high paraplegia.

Objective To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive ability in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after ischemic stroke.Methods Forty five ischemic stroke survivors with MCI but not meeting the criterion for diagnosis as dementia were recruited, and were randomly assigned into an rTMS group (32 patients) and a control group (30 patients) according to a random number table.Both groups received the routine drug therapy of medicine and cognitive function training, and the rTMS group was additionally given rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 5 Hz and 80％ motor threshold.The treatments lasted for 4 weeks.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and auditory event related potential (ERP) were tested for both group before and after the treatment.Results After the treatment, two groups showed significant improvements in the average score of MoCA compared to that before the treatment, and that of the rTMS group was significantly higher than that of the control group.For both groups, the P300 latency shortened and the amplitude increased after the treatment.Moreover, the latency and amplitude of the rTMS group increased to 355.67 ± 16.43 ms and 8.69 ± 1.65 μV, respectively, after the treatment, significantly shortened and lengthened than that of the control group [(372.76 ± 23.35 ms and 7.03 ± 3.04 μV), respectively].Conclusions rTMS can significantly improve the cognitive ability of ischemic stroke survivors in a relatively safe way.

Objective To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the motor function of lower limbs of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Sixty stroke survivors with lower limb dysfunctionwere randomly assigned to an rTMS treatment group or a control group,each of 30.Both groups were given routine medication and rehabilitation treatment,while the treatment group was additionally provided with 4 weeks of rTMS treatment of the contra-lesional M1 at 1 Hz and 90％ motor threshold.The Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) and maximum walking speed (MWS) were used to assess both groups before and after the treatment and 2 weeks later.Adverse reactions were also recorded.Results Before the intervention,no differences were found between the two groups.After the treatment and two weeks after that,significant improvement was observed in the average FMA and 10 m MWS of both groups,with significantly more improvement in the treatment group than among the controls.No obvious adverse reactions were observed in either group.Conclusions rTMS can improve the motor function of the affected lower limbs of stroke patients safely.

Objective To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive ability of patients after ischemic stroke. Methods 45 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after ischemic stroke were randomly assigned into control group (n=22) and observation group (n=23). Both groups received routine drugs and cognitive training. The observation group received rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (5 Hz, 80% motor threshold) in addition for 4 weeks. Results The score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), P300 latencies and amplitudes improved after treatment in both groups (P<0.001), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The MoCA score was negatively related with P300 latency (r=-0.851, P<0.05). There was no severe adverse effect during the treatment. Conclusion rTMS could improve the cognitive ability of patients with MCI after stroke, with little side effect.

Objective To explore the effects of continuing care on the quality of sleep and neurological function rehabilitation in patients after stroke. Methods 60 patients with sleep disorder and hemiplegia after stroke discharging from our hospital during January to December 2014 were randomly assigned to control group (n=30) and intervention group (n=30). The control group received routine discharge instruction, while the intervention group received continuing care. They were assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) were when discharged and 3 months after intervention. Results The scores of PSQI were lower, the scores of FMA and MBI were higher in the intervention group than in the control group 3 months after intervention (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion Continuing care could improve the sleep quality, and promote the neurological function recovery for patients with sleep disorder after stroke.

This study was aimed to explore five Chinese medicine components or ingredients from Qu-Shi Hua-Y u Decoction (QSHYD) with uniform design method and screen ingredients assembling of Chinese medicine BZL pre-scription in order to verify its therapeutic effect on experimental fatty liver rats. High-fat diet was used in the estab-lishment of fatty liver rat models. Five effective ingredients (i.e., chlorogenic acid, geniposide, curcumin, polydatin and polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz) of QSHYD were used as study subjects. Uniform design was applied in the grouping design. The intragastric administration was given for four weeks. The screening index was the content of liver triglyceride (TG). The ingredients assembling of Chinese medicine BZL prescription was screened through uniform design and regression analysis. The same fatty liver animal model was used in the comparison be-tween QSHYD and rosiglitazone. The TG content in liver tissues of rats and serum ALT activity were detected. The pathological changes of liver tissues were observed (HE stain and oil red O stain) with Ridit analysis to verify its therapeutic effect. The results showed that through screening, the regression equation was Y = 15.083X1 + 5.321X2- 5.186X3 - 16.157X4 + 9.35X5 + 17.667X3X4 - 8.422X1X2 - 6.617X3X5 + 16.571 (X1: chlorogenic acid, X2:polydatin, X3: polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, X4: geniposide, X5: curcumin). According to this equation, the best TG reducing effect occurred when the chlorogenic acid (X1), polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (X3), and geniposide (X4) were the maximum dosage. It showed that the best combination in inhibiting TG content in liver tissues was X3, X4 and X1 (i.e. BLZ prescription). Among fatty liver rat mod-els induced with same high-fat diet, the screened Chinese medicine ingredient BZL prescription can obviously reduce its TG content in liver tissues and serum ALT activity ( P < 0 . 01 ) . It obviously improved the fatty degen-eration of rat's liver. It was concluded that ingredients assembling of Chinese medicine BZL prescription screened through uniform design can obviously prevent and treat fat deposition and injury of the liver among rat models induced by high-fat diet .