ObjectiveTo explore medical students on the level of awareness of bronchoscopy,bronchoscopy teaching methods and teaching effectiveness. MethodsMaking a analysis of the appraisal questionnaire on the theoretical knowledge bronchoscopy study, bronchoscopy operational training of the intemship system of the clinical course. ResultsAfter clinical teaching of bronchoscopy, medical students have improved significantly. their operation skills and motivation in learning the respiratory system anatomy, pathological features, imaging diagnosis and bronchoscopy technology. ConclusionThe clinical teaching of bronchoscopy can improve the quality of clinical teaching in respiratory medicine, which helps to improve the clinical skills of medical students, and lay the foundation for training medical students in bronchoscopy.

Nowadays,medical university students' mental quality is a question that shouldn't be ignored.This paper analyzed the causes of mental problems of medical university students,emphasized the importance of mental quality education in clinical practice and put forward methods of mental quality education in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To survey the varieties of microorganism on nurse hands and probe into its controlling measure in general hospital.METHODS We sampled microorganism of nurse hands during intravenous fluids infusion in the Respiratory Department,the Cardiovascular Department,the Department of Digestion,Gynecology and Obstetrics Department,the Department of Thoracic Surgery and the Department of Organ Transplantation in our hospital.All samples carried out co-cultures of fungi and bacteria.RESULTS The varieties of microorganism included not only opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter,Corynebacterium,Pantoea agglomerans(Enterobacter agglomerans) former,and Escherichia coli,but also strong pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus,and it is so common that finding meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci.CONCLUSIONS Nursing staff's hands contamination is serious in the process of manipulating operation in general hospital,emphasis should be placed on prophylaxis and control for nosocomial infection.

Objective To study Axin expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) polyp, and normal intestinal mucosa at mRNA and protein levels, and to explore the role of Axin in the pathogenesis of PJS. Methods The experiment samples, which were from the exsected normal mucosa, PJS polyps, adenomatous polyps and colorectal adenocarcinoma between Jan, 2001 and Mar, 2008 in Nanfang Hospital, each includes 32 sapamples. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect the Axin protein expression in each sample distinctively. Results transcriptase -polymerse chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detected and compare the Axin mRNA expression in 16 samples of each group. Results Of the tissues in each group, the positive Axin protein expression was located in the endochylema. The nomal mucosa group showed the most intensive expressive intensity, the olorectalc adenocarcinoma group was the least intensive, with significant difference in each group(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of tanshinoneⅡA on the expression of S100A1 protein after acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats.Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, acute myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreatment group by random number table. The acute myocardial ischemia model was established by thoracotomy and penetration of a thread and occlusion around the root part of the left anterior descending coronary artery, while the sham operation group was established only by thoracotomy and penetration of a thread around the root part of that artery but without occlusion; 3 days before the operation, in the tanshinoneⅡA pretreatment group, intraperitoneal injection of tanshinoneⅡA solution(at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg) was applied, while in the sham and acute myocardial ischemia groups, intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of saline was given. Myocardial cell apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL), the levels of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and S100A1 protein were examined and the level of expression of S100A1 protein in myocardial tissue was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot.Results Compared with the sham operation group, the myocardial cell apoptosis rate, the contents of MDA, CK, LDH, S100A1 and the level of S100A1 expression in myocardial ischemia group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group were significantly increased, while SOD activity was decreased obviously; compared with the myocardial ischemia model group, the myocardial cell apoptosis rate, the contents of MDA, CK, LDH, S100A1 and the level of S100A1 protein expression were significantly reduced〔apoptosis rate:(32.1±4.2)% vs.(72.4±5.4)%, MDA(μmol/L): 9.1±2.2 vs. 17.3±5.2, CK(U/L): 83.3±12.2 vs. 107.5±12.4, LDH (μmol·s-1·L-1): 84.0±16.4 vs. 114.4±16.0, S100A1(μg/L): 37.6±6.0 vs. 78.4±8.6,P<0.05 orP<0.01〕, while the activity of SOD was increased markedly in tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group(kU/L:72.8±10.2 vs. 49.6±8.8,P<0.01). TUNEL staining showed that in the myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group, the myocardial cells represented positive staining(brown-yellow in color), irregular in shape with nuclear pyknosis, cell detachment from the surrounding tissue and other characteristics. And in sham operation group,the staining of majority of cells was negative. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that S100A1 protein staining was relatively deep in the myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group, and in the latter group, the color of S100A1 protein positive staining was not as deep as that in the former group. Western Blot showed that the S100A1 protein expression in myocardial ischemia model group was 2.8 folds of that of the sham operation group, while the S100A1 protein expression in tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group was significantly decreased compared with that of myocardial ischemia model group(bothP<0.05),which was 1.5 folds of that of the sham operation group.ConclusionTanshinoneⅡA may play a role in inhibiting the expression of S100A1 protein to protect against acute myocardial ischemia injury, suggesting that this agent have a potential effect for treatment of myocardial ischemia.

Objective:To describe the clinical features and immunological of Uygur systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) subjects.Methods:Atotal of 484 adult patients (≥18 years) followed in the People's Hospital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were included into this study including 211 Uygur patients with SLE and 273 Han patients with SLE.Results:① Of the 211 Uygur SLE patients, 195 (92.4%) were female and 16(7.6%) were male (female:male=12.2∶1), the mean age at SLE onset was 15-64(35±12) years, mean disease duration was 0.1-228(21±35) months.② Of the 211 Uygur SLE patients, the most prevalent clinical presentationswere renal involvement 56.4%(119/211), hematological 56.4%(119/211), rash 50.2% (106/211), arthralgia/arthritis 49.8%(105/211), weakness 47.9%(101/211). The significant difference observed between the Uygur and Han SLE patients was Raynaud phenomenon( χ2=6.066, P=0.014) .③ The positive rates of antinuclear antibodies were 94.8%(200/211), 54.5%(115/211) for anti-dsDNA antibodies, 47.9% (101/211) for anti-SSA antibodies, 35.1%(74/211) for anti-U 1-RNP antibodies, and 28.4%(60/211) for anti-AHA antibodies. The positivity of anti-AHA antibodies ( χ2=4.952, P=0.026) was higher in Uygur SLE patients than thatin Han SLE patients. More Uygur SLE patients were anemic ( χ2=6.904, P=0.009), with decrease of complement ( χ2=6.330, P=0.012). Conclusion:This study can not find any significant differences between the Uygur SLE patients and Han SLE patients in common clinical manifestations in Xinjiang. The Uygur SLE patients are more likely to have anemia and decrease of complement, which may be related to race and diet habits.

Objective To discuss the characteristics of in-patients with Beh(c)et's disease in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region.Methods Clinical data of 146 cases with Behcet's disease admitted to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region people's hospital were analyzed.The demographic data and clinical manifestations were analyzed retrospectively.The categorical data was compared using x2 test or Fisher's exact test.Results ① Of the 146 patients with BD,99 cases were Han,47 cases were uyghurs.Oral ulcer were observed in 146 cases (100％).Genital ulcer occurred in 115 cases (78.8％),of which 76 were Han (76.8％),39 (82.9％) were uyghurs,the difference was not significant (P=0.391).The initial presentation was oral ulcer in 83 cases (56.8％),of which 60 cases (60.6％) were Han,23 cases (48.9％) were the uyghurs.The second most common presentation was oral ulcer and genital ulcer,which occurred in 42 cases (28.8％),of which 23 cases (23.2％) were Han,19 cases (40.4％) were the uyghurs.More Han patients initially presented with both oral and genital ulcers than uyghur (P=0.032).② Skin lesions were recorded in 66 cases (45.2％),of which 45 cases (45.4％) were Han,21 cases (44.7％) were the uyghurs,the difference was not significant (P=0.930).③ Joint damage occurred in 40 cases (27.4％),of which 22 cases (22.2％) were Han,18 cases (38.3％) were the uyghurs.Joint damage wasmore frequently observed in Han than in uyghur (P=0.042).④ Eye lesion happened in 21 cases (14.4％),ofwhich 9 cases (9.1％) were Han,12 cases (25.5％) were the uyghurs,ie,eye lesion of Uyghur was higher than Han (P=0.008).⑤ Vascular lesions were detected in 8 cases (5.5％),of which the 5 cases were Han,3 cases were uyghurs,the difference was not significant (P=0.712).⑥ Nervous lesions were observed in 2 cases (1.37％),1 was Han and one was uyghur,the difference was not significant (P=0.542).Conclusion The most common clinical presentations of BD in Xinjiang region are oral and genitalulcers.Skin,joints,eye,vascular,nervous system can also be affected.Joint damage in Han is higher than Uyghur,but eye lesion of Uyghur is more common than Han.

Objective To evaluate the values of combined detection of carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125) ,human epididymis gene protein 4(HE4) ,soluble mesothelin related peptides(SMRP) in early diagnosis for ovarian cancer and the high-risk factors of ovari-an cancer .Methods 43 patients with malignant ovarian cancer were served as the malignant group ,54 patients with benign ovarian tumors as the benign group ,45 healthy women as the control group .Roche Cobas 6000 Automatic Electrochemiluminescence Immu-noassay Analyzer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were adopted to detect serum CA125 ,HE4 ,SMRP levels . High-risk factors of ovarian cancer was subject to Logistic regression analysis .Results Serum levels of CA125 ,HE4 and SMRP of patients in malignant group were significantly higher than those in the benign group and the control group (P<0 .01) .The sensitivi-ties of CA125 ,HE4 and SMRP detection alone for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 73 .3% ,82 .8% and 70 .8% ,respectively ,while their specificities were 79 .1% ,87 .4% and 83 .3% ,respectively .The sensitivity and specificity of joint detection of CA 125 ,HE4 , SMRP for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 90 .2% and 79 .3% ,respectively .Logistic regression analysis showed that age at menarche younger than 13 years ,menstrual cycle less than 30 d and irregular menstruation were the high-risk factors of ovarian cancer ,with their odds ratio(OR) of 2 .11[95% confidence interval(CI):1 .09-4 .10 ,1 .91(95% CI:1 .21-3 .10) and 1 .57(95% CI:0 .83-2 .94) .Conclusion CA125 detection combined with HE4 or SMRP can markedly improve the diagnostic sensitivity for ovarian cancer .

Objective To assess the clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the elderly in Xinjiang.Methods As a retrospective study,clinical date and laboratory test results were collected from 87 elderly SLE patients and 222 non-elderly SLE patients (age ＜ 50 years) hospitalized in the People's Hospital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2006 to July 2016.Results The female to maleratio was 5.7 ∶ 1.0 in the older-onset SLE group and the female to male ratio was 11.3 ∶ 1.0 in the younger-onset SLE group.Of the 13 patients with predisposing factors in the older-onset SLE group(14.9 ％),11 had infection (12.6 ％),whereas the 27 patients with predisposing factors in the younger-onset SLE group (12.2 ％)had pregnancy,abortion or insolation,in addition to infection.Arthritis (63.2 ％),weakness (40.2 ％),malar rashes (36.8 ％),anorexia(26.4 ％),and shortness of breath(26.4 ％) were common clinical manifestations in the olderonset SLE group.The incidence of anorexia in the older-onset SLE group was higher than that in the younger-onset SLE group(P＜0.01),while the incidence of trichomadesis was lower in the older-onset SLE group than that in the younger-onset SLE group(P＜0.01);Aminotransferase elevation,creatinine elevation and thrombocytopenia were more common in the older-onset SLE group than in the younger SLE group (P＜0.05).Lower rates of positive anti-Smanti body and anti-Acl antibody were found in the older onset SLE group,compared with the younger-onset SLE group (P＜0.05);Han older-onset SLE patients showed higher rates of oral ulcers than older-onset SLE patients of Uygur,Kazak or other ethnic minorities (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between Han and Uygur/Kazak patients in laboratory test results.Conclusions The proportion of male SLE patients in the elderly is higher than that in non-elderly SLE patients in Xinjiang.Also,elderly SLE patients are prone to oral ulcers but often do not show typical early clinical symptoms and have low levels of specific antibodies.Therefore,clinicians should pay particular attention to older onset SLE patients in order to reduce the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the cellular fragments and particle image changes of inventory aleucocytic suspending RBC produced by the storage time extension ,RBC damage or hemolysis in order to provide the revelatory experimental basis for the transfusion safety .Methods The supernatant was prepared from different stored days (3 ,7 ,14 ,21 d) of stock aleukocytic suspen‐ding RBC .The particles in supernatant were observed and morphologically analyzed by using the microscopic static image analytic technology .Results There were a small amounts of visible particles in the sample supernatant preserved for 3 ,7 d and the parti‐cles′sizes are similar to cells′;the number of particles began to significantly increase from 14 d and the diameter became smaller . The particles filled the entire field until 21 d ,showing fragmentary status .Conclusion The cellular fragments and particles in the supernatants of stock aleukocytic suspending RBC with the storage period exceeding 14 d are significantly increased and have signif‐icant difference compared with those stored for less than 14 d .These exogenous fragments and particles may become antigens and induce the body immune response ,lead to transfusion adverse reactions .It is recommended that the patients should be transfused with stock aleukocytic suspending RBC within a storage period of 14 d .