DNaseⅠhypersensitive sites (DHSs) are regions of extreme chromatin which is highly sensitive to DNaseⅠ.Ge-nome-wide mapping DHSs is a powerful method for identifying many different types of regulatory elements within nuclear chromatin .It can help systematically resolve gene and genomic information , and the dynamic molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation .This paper reviews the distribution of DHSs , the technology of DNase-seq and the research progress in transcriptional regulation functions of DHSs.

This review focuses on the current literatures on the therapeutic potential of non-renal derived adult stem cell transplantation for kidney disease.Although the therapeutic mechanism remains debatable,some reports suggest that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation holds potential for treatment of renal diseases such as renal ischemia reperfusion injury,IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) are capable of homing to injured kidney and contribute to activate intrinsic kidney cells,promote angiogenesis,inhibit oxidative stress and reduce apoptosis,inflammation and renal fibrosis.These renoprotective effects are likely mediated by paracrine/autocrine mechanism via cytokine and microvesicles from MSC.Pluripotent stem cells may be induced from fibroblast,mesangial cells,renal tubular epithelial cell and urine epithelial cell.Induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC) can differentiate into renal lineage cells.The derivation of kidney disease-specific iPSC opens new avenues for the resolution to limited donor availability in kidney transplantation and for treating kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Objective To investigate the role of individualized psychological intervention in gastroscopy.Methods 286 patients first underwent gastroscopy were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups,143 patients in each group. Individualized psychological intervention were provided for intervention group,and the patients of control group were just given routine nursing care. All the patients were measured by self rating anxiety scale (SAS) ,which were as measuring standards before and after intervention. At the same time,the blood pressure and heart rate were compared before and after intervention. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was observed to investigate the satisfaction of patients after operation. Results Compared with control group,anxiety rate and degree,blood pressure and heart rate in intervention group were lower( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The test of VAS revealed that the satisfaction of patients in intervention group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Individualized psychological intervention could improve negative emotion and relieve anxiety and affliction of patients underwent gastroscopy, and the satisfaction degree for gastroscopy was improved.

Objective To analyze the common causes and clinical features associated with hoarseness in chil-dren of different ages. Methods The data of 2 500 children suffering from hoarseness were analyzed with electronic [aryngofiberscopy retrospectively. Results There were 1 746 males and 754 females. The top 5 causes of hoarseness were vocal cord nodules(44.2%, 1 105 cases), vocal hypertrophy (38.2% ,955cases), acute and subacute laryngitis (6.5 %, 163cases), the paralysis of vocal cord(6.82 %, 141cases), and laryngeal papilloma(1.6 %, 40cases). These five diseases were common in children with hoarseness with 2 404 out of 2 500. 37.12% of the children were under school ages as the largest age group and the ratio of male and female was 2.32 : 1. The top five diseases were statisti-cally distributed in different age groups (P<0.01) . Conclusion The main causes of hoarseness were different in different age groups. The preschoolers made up the largest group (928/2 500), showing the greatest incidence of hoarseness in children . The incidence for male patients was higher than female and the vocal cord nodules was the top disease (1 105/2 500 cases,44.2%). Hoarseness in children was different from that of adults so that to under-stand the characteristics of this disorder in children will be beneficial to the proper diagnosis and effective treatment.

Not only does autophagy play a vital role in maintaining kidney cell survival and homeostasis,but al-so it is involved in the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases. Recent studies have indicated that autophagy was ac-tivated in kidney cells during acute kidney injury and its regulatory mechanism was unclear. Autophagy activation in kidney may be associated with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, p53 and Bcl-2 family. The role of autophagy in acute kidney injury is still controversial. Most believe that it plays a protective role during acute kidney injury. Therefore autophagy will become a novel and potential target for the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury.

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors,accounting for 10％ of the incidence of benign tumors.Most hemangiomas may involute spontaneously,without any medical intervention.But partly because of the special parts of its growth,such as pediatric airway (subglottic),potentially it has fatality.So it is essential to give prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.Although there are multiple literatures have reported about the management of the subglottic hemangioma,there is no unified conclusion.This article summarizes a variety of methods on the diagnosis and treatment of infantile subglottic hemangioma.And the advantages and disadvantages of various treatments with the cases and the literature were assessed,so as to provide individualized treatment options for infantile.

Objective To analyze the common causes and clinical features associated with hoarseness in children of different ages.Methods The data of 2 500 children suffering from hoarseness were analyzed with electronic laryngofiberscopy retrospectively.Results There were 1 746 males and 754 females. The top 5 causes of hoarseness were vocal cord nodules(44.2%,1 105 cases),vocal hypertrophy (38.2%,955cases),acute and subacute laryngitis(6.5%,163cases),the paralysis of vocal cord(6.82%,141cases),and laryngeal papilloma(1.6%,40cases). These five diseases were common in children with hoarseness with 2 404 out of 2 500. 37.12% of the children were under school ages as the largest age group and the ratio of male and female was 2.32:1. The top five diseases were statistically distributed in different age groups (P

Objective: Insulin glargine is a new long-acting basal insulin analogue.Glimepiride is an anti-diabetic drug with action independent of the pancreas.In this study,the efficacy and safety of glargine plus glimepiride in the treatment of elderly diabetic patients were evaluated.Methods: Sixty-five elderly diabetic patients were randomly assigned to receive Neutral protamine hagedorn insulin(NPH) plus glimepiride(n=19),and glargine plus glimepiride(n=21).The dose of insulin was adjusted according to the fasting blood glucose(FBG) level,with the target FBG

Objective To observe the efficacy of monosialotetrahexosy lganglioside (GM1) in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Methods Sixty patients with VCI were randomly divided into either a treatment group or a control group. The patients in the control group received conventional treatment and those in the treatment control group were treated with conventional treatment plus continuous intravenous infusion of GM1 (80 mg/d) for 2 weeks. The efficacy was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) before and after the treatment, and the safety of the treatment was observed. Results After 2 weeks of treatment, the MoCA scores were significantly higher than those before treatment in both groups (all P ＜ 0. 05). The MoCA scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (20. 82 ± 1. 96 vs. 19. 61 ±2. 02, t =2. 315, P =0. 023). No obvious adverse reactions were found. Conclusions The efficacy of GM1 is positive in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment, and there is no obvious adverse reactions. It is worthy of using widely in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing venous diseases of lower extremity, and to compare it with DSA. Methods By using color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS)apparatus, two-dimensional spectrum, color Doppler flow image, pulse wave Doppler and Valsalva examination were performed in 48 patients with suspected venous diseases of lower extremity. The CDUS findings were compared with DSA findings. Results Of 48 cases with suspected lower extremity venous diseases, deep vein thrombosis formation was confirmed in 27, among them 15 were accompanied with lower extremity deep venous valvular incompetence, 8 were complicated by lower extremity varicosity and 2 were associated with both conditions. Another one had cyst in the left popliteal fossa and popliteal venous thrombosis. Decreased blood flow in iliac veins was found in some cases. Pure lower extremity venous valvular incompetence was seen in 5 cases and pure lower extremity superficial varicosity in 6 cases. Six cases suffered both valvular incompetence and superficial varicosity. CDUS showed normal findings in 4 cases, of them DSA demonstrated compressed iliac vein in 2. When taking DSA as golden standard, the accuracy of CDUS was 95.83%. By using the uniformity test, Kappa value was 0.65. Conclusion CDUS is of great clinical usefulness in diagnosing venous diseases of lower extremity as well as in evaluating the therapeutic effect.