Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the T lymphocytes-mediated immune function in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods Totally 79 AIDS patients were randomly divided into enteral nutrition ( EN ) group ( supported with EN daily in addition to conventional treatment; n = 46) and control group (underwent conventional treatment only; n = 33 ). T lymphocytes including CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells as well as blood biochemical parameters including alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose ( Glu ), total protein (TP), albumin ( ALB ), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , Cr, and prealbumin (PA) were determined immediately before management (T0) and on the 30th day(T1). Results ALT, AST, Glu, TP, ALB, BUN, Cr, and PA showed no significant differences between these two groups before management ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). The levels of TP ( P = 0. 015), ALB ( P = 0. 007 ), and PA ( P =0. 022 ) were significantly higher in EN group than those in control group at T1. The cell counts of CD3, CD4, and CD8 were not significantly different at T0, while the cell count of CD4 was significantly higher in EN group than that in control group at T1 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion EN can improve the nutritional status and T lymphocytesmediated immune function in AIDS patients.

Objective To investigate the rituximab plus bendamustine (R-Benda) therapeutic effect for relapsed extragastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.Methods Ten patients (three females and seven males) with relapsed extragastric MALT lymphoma undergoing therapy with R-Benda were defined.Bendamustine was given at a dose of 90 mg/m2 on days 2 and 3 in nine patients and at 70 mg/m2 in one patient, while all received 375 mg/m2 rituximab on day 1.Results Nine patients received six courses of therapy,while one patient discontinued therapy after five courses for personal reasons, while one elderly patient had progressive disease after three courses.Tolerance of therapy was excellent, and all except one patient responded.Eight patients achieved the complete remission, one achieved the partial remission, and one patient progressed.Toxicities were mild and mainly hematological.After a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 5-43 months), 9 patients were alive.Conclusion R-Benda regime has high activity and good tolerance for patients with relapsed extragastric MALT lymphoma.

A method was developed for the determination of N-acetyl-S-( N-methylcarbamoyl ) cysteine ( AMCC) in human urine by online solid-phase extraction ( SPE )-high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) . The separation of AMCC from the urine matrix was performed on AmoniPac PA Solid phase Extraction ( SPE ) column with 5 mmol/L KH2 PO4 as the mobile phase by left pump. Then the time was controlled to switch the valve to make only the section of sample containing AMCC transferred into the analytic column-Acclaim PAⅡ C18 . The determination was performed using gradient elution of 0. 1% H3 PO4 (containing 5% acetonitrile) and acetonitrile by right pump. The results showed that AMCC present good linear correlation in the range of 1 . 0-100 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of above 0 . 999 , the quantitation limit of the method was 0. 2 mg/L (with the sample inject volume =10 μL), the recoveries of spiked samples were in the range of 82 . 9%-85 . 9%, and the relative standard deviation ( n=6 ) of retention time and peak area were 0. 2% and 4. 0% respectively. Compared with offline SPE-HPLC, the proposed method was convenient, environmentally friendly, efficient and stable, and feasible for the detection of AMCC in 7 human urine samples.

Objective To observe the effect and toxicity of gemcitabine and S-1 in treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.Methods In this study,41 cases of metastatic breast cancer were treated in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region between Jun.2010 and Dec.2012.The median age was 55 years old.The pathological diagnosis of these patients was triple-negative breast cancer.All patients were given gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously on the 1st and 8th day,and 60 mg S-1 from the 1st day to the 14th day orally for every cycle.There were 21 days for each cycle.All patients accepted at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy and once effect evaluation.Results 41 cases were diagnosed as metastatic triple-negative breast cancer,with the failure of second-line treatment.The median age was 55 years.All cases were followed up until death.All the 41 cases were administrated for more than 2 cycles,among whom,there were 0 case of complete response(CR),16 cases (39.0％)of partial response(PR),14 cases(34.1％) of stable disease(SD),and 11 cases(26.8％) of progressive disease(PD).The disease control rate was 73.1％ (30/41).In this study,median progression free survival(mPFS)was 7.9 months.The rate of digestive toxicity and marrow suppression was 24.4％ and 55％ respectively.No patient stopped treatment because of severe toxicities.Conclusion The chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine and S-1 is effective in treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer,and the toxicity could be tolerated.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and clinical features of fulminant type 1 diabetes.Methods Using data retrieved from Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,all patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from Jan.1,2001 to Dec.31,2007 were identified.The patients were divided into fulminant type 1 diabetes (F1D) group,typical type 1 diabetes (T1A) group,and idiopathic type 1 diabetes(T1B) group.Their clinical features were compared.Results Eight patients (9.1%) fulfilled the criteria for fulminant type 1 diabetes among 87 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes,and the percentage of fulminant type 1 diabetes reached 14.0% among type 1 diabetic patients with age of onset of 18 years or older.Patients of F1D group had a markedly higher plasma glucose concentration compared with patients of T1A group and T1B group(P=0.004).Serum amylase was higher in F1D group than that in T1A group(P = 0.021).Four (50%) patients were GADA positive,among whom 1 patient was Coxsackie B virus (CVB) IgM positive and 1 patient was Herpes Simplex virus 1 (HSV1) IgM positive.Conclusions Fulminant type 1 diabetes accounts for about 10% of the type 1 diabetes in the Chinese individuals with ketosis-or ketoacidosis-onset.Patients with this subset of diabetes had severe metabolic derangement.Viral infection and autoimmunity may be involved in the pathogenesis of fulminant type 1 diabetes.

Implants have been widely used in restorative treatment for patients who have undergone head and neck cancer surgery. With the development of combination treatment of head and neck cancer, radiotherapy has been a common means of therapy. However, it could induce various changes in hard and soft tissues and reduce the success and survival rate of the implants. Some research, using either animal models or clinical studies, have shown that certain strategies could be used for improving the survival rate of implants. In this review, we discussed the changes in both hard and soft tissues, which may reduce the survival rate of the implants, and the proposed methods for improving the survival rate of patients after radiotherapy.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Dental Implants ; Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Methods ; Models, Animal ; Osteoradionecrosis ; Radiotherapy* ; Survival Rate*

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of long-interval programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) during the incubation period for labor analgesia.Methods:Seventy-eight nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation, aged 22-35 yr, with body mass index of 18.0-30.0 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠorⅡ, were divided into 2 groups ( n=39 each) using a random number table method: routine epidural bolus using a stepwise approach group (C group) and long-interval PIEB group (L group). Epidural puncture was performed at L 2, 3, and the analgesia solution was 0.1% ropivacaine and 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil in the two groups.The parturients in group C received 8 ml pulse dose per hour during the incubation period (cervical dilatation <3 cm), and 10 ml pulse dose per hour during the active phase (cervical dilatation ≥3 cm). In group L, the first pulse dose was 10 ml during the incubation period, 1.5 h later the anesthesia plane was detected, and 10 ml pulse dose was immediately given when the plane was lower than T 10, otherwise it was reevaluated 15 min later.After the interval time reached 2 h, a pulse dose 10 ml was given regardless of whether the plane was lower than T 10, and the pulse dose 10 ml was given at 1 h interval during the active phase.The numerical rating scale scores were recorded when the cervical dilatation was 3, 6 and 10 cm, and at the time of baby delivery.The duration of labor, total consumption of analgesics, and Bromage grade of lower extremities were recorded.The Apgar score <7 at 1 and 5 min after birth was recorded.The maternal adverse reactions and scores for satisfaction with analgesia were also recorded. Results:Thirty puerperae were finally enrolled in each group.The first stage of labor and total duration of labor were significantly shortened, and the total consumption of analgesics was decreased in group L ( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the numerical rating scale scores at each time point, duration of second and third stages of labor, Bromage grade of lower extremities, incidence of adverse reactions, score for satisfaction with analgesia, and incidence of Apgar score < 7 after birth between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:When PIEB is used for labor analgesia, prolonging the infusion interval time of epidural bolus to 1.5-2.0 h during the incubation period can produce satisfactory analgesic effect and further decrease the consumption of analgesics and reduce the influence on labor stages when compared with administration using a stepwise approach.

SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) develops an antagonistic mechanism by which to evade the antiviral activities of interferon (IFN). Previous studies suggested that SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibits activation of the IRF3 pathway, which would normally elicit a robust IFN response, but the mechanism(s) used by SARS PLpro to inhibit activation of the IRF3 pathway is not fully known. In this study, we uncovered a novel mechanism that may explain how SARS PLpro efficiently inhibits activation of the IRF3 pathway. We found that expression of the membrane-anchored PLpro domain (PLpro-TM) from SARS-CoV inhibits STING/TBK1/IKKε-mediated activation of type I IFNs and disrupts the phosphorylation and dimerization of IRF3, which are activated by STING and TBK1. Meanwhile, we showed that PLpro-TM physically interacts with TRAF3, TBK1, IKKε, STING, and IRF3, the key components that assemble the STING-TRAF3-TBK1 complex for activation of IFN expression. However, the interaction between the components in STING-TRAF3-TBK1 complex is disrupted by PLpro-TM. Furthermore, SARS PLpro-TM reduces the levels of ubiquitinated forms of RIG-I, STING, TRAF3, TBK1, and IRF3 in the STING-TRAF3-TBK1 complex. These results collectively point to a new mechanism used by SARS-CoV through which PLpro negatively regulates IRF3 activation by interaction with STING-TRAF3-TBK1 complex, yielding a SARS-CoV countermeasure against host innate immunity.
Dimerization ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase ; metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Interferon Type I ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Papain ; metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; SARS Virus ; enzymology ; Signal Transduction ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 ; metabolism ; Ubiquitination

Objective: To establish a method for rapid determination of 47 volatile organic compounds in the air of workplace using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Methods: The mixed standard gas with different concentration levels was made by using the static gas distribution method with the high purity nitrogen as dilution gas. The samples were injected into the GC-MS by a hand-held probe. Retention time and characteristic ion were used for qualitative analysis,and the internal standard method was usd for quantitation. Results: The 47 poisonous substances were separated and determined well. The linear range of this method was 0.2-16.0 mg/m³,and the relative standard deviation of 45 volatile ovganic compounds was 3.8%-15.8%. The average recovery was 79.3%-119.0%. Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,sensitive,has good separation effect,short analysis period, can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds in the workplace, and also supports the rapid identification and detection of occupational hazards.

OBJECTIVETo identify secondary mutations associated with deafness in a Chinese family affected with deafness.

METHODSThe family has been subjected to clinical and molecular analyses, in addition with measurement of reactive oxygen species and doubling time after establishment of immortalized lymphocyte cell lines.

RESULTSThe results showed that the hearing loss level and audiometric configuration were discrepant among the family members with maternally transmitted hearing loss. The penetrance of hearing loss in this family was respectively 66.7% and 44.4% when aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss was included or excluded. Analysis of whole mitochondrial genome has found 33 variants as previously reported polymorphisms, except for a 12s rRNA A1555G mutation and a tRNA(Thr)T15943C mutation. Haplotype evolutionary tree has verified that this family belonged to East-Asian haplogroup F. 15943 position was located on the T-stem of the tRNA(Thr), which has destroyed the extremely conserved T-A base pair when T changed to C at this position. However, functional experiments indicated that the population doubling time in special galactose and glucose were longer, whilst the level of reactive oxygen species has increased. Compared with the control cell line groups and a family only carrying the 12s rRNA A1555G mutation, all of the three groups belonged to the same haplogroup.

CONCLUSIONMitochondrial tRNA(Thr)T15943C mutation may act as a potential modifying factor and interact with 12s rRNA A1555G mutation, and thereby enhance the penetrance and expression of deafness.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Deafness ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Thr ; genetics ; Young Adult