Acute respiratory distress syndrome is an acute,progressive and inflammatory process of lung injury.The disease is very serious with the neonatal mortality as high as 30％-60％.In recent years,with the development of the study on the mechanisms of newborns with acute respiratory distress syndrome,a lot of new viewpoints on diagnosis and treatments have been explored.This review focuses on the recent advances on new mechanisms,diagnosis and therapy strategies of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

AIM:To investigate the effect of potassium treatment on coronary arterial impairment induced by high salt intake.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats (4-week-old, n=10 in each group) received distilled water (NS), water containing 1.5%NaCl (HS), or 1.5% NaCl and 0.5% KCl (HS+HP) for 16 weeks.Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail plethysmography every 2 weeks.After 16 weeks of treatment, vascular remodeling, superox-ide production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and gp91 expression in the coronary arteries were detected .RESULTS:After 16 weeks of salt loading , the rats in HS group was divided into salt sensitive subgroup and salt resistance subgroup according to the tail-cuff blood pressure .In this experiment , the salt-sensi-tive rats were selected as HS group .In HS group, salt loading significantly increased SBP , serum MDA and gp91 expres-sion, decreased serum NO and eNOS expression in the coronary arteries , and induced the coronary artery remodeling com-pared with NS group .In salt-loaded SD rats , 16-week potassium treatment abrogated the effects induced by salt loading . CONCLUSION:High salt may affect structural and functional changes in coronary arteries by activating oxidative stress . Potassium treatment antagonizes the effect of high salt intake .

Objective To investigate the psychosocial functioning and risk factors of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods A total of 79 children with JIA were selected from the inpatients and outpatients in the department of clinical immunology,a top-grade hospital in Xi'an from February to December,2017.Their demographic and disease data were collected by self-designed questionnaires.Disease remission was confirmed by using the JADAS-27 and pain intensity by visual analogue scale (VAS).The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) were rated by the children themselves.All data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0.Results A total of 316 effective questionnaires were collected,including 79 demographic questionnaires,disease questionnaires,CDI and MASC respectively.(1) The total scores of CDI were 15.22 ± 9.56.The highest scores were found for the subscale of "lack of happiness" (4.57 ± 3.63),while the lowest for the subscale of "low self-esteem" (1.75 ± 1.57).The total scores of MASC were 39.15 ±21.12.The highest scores were found for the subscale of "Injury avoidance" (13.09 ± 5.57) while the lowest for the subscale of "separation anxiety" (7.68 ± 5.66).(2) Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that pain,disease activity,hormonal side effects and fatigue were the main risk factors of the psychosocial functioning of the children with JIA.Conclusions The psychosocial functioning of children with JIA was not satisfied.It suggested that we should not only take the appropriate clinical treatment to control the disease but also take combined therapy such as psychological intervention as early as possible.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of 45 year-old or older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Chengdu. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of 45 year-old or older patients with HIV/AIDS reported in Chengdu from 2018 to 2020. Results From 2018 to 2020, there were 219 newly reported cases aged 45 and above (35.67%) with HIV/AIDS in Chengdu, and the differences among them were statistically significant (χ²=6.45, P<0.05). Among the subjects, HIV infected cases accounted for 72.60%, males accounted for 75.80%, most subjects were 56 - 65 years old (48.86%), living in Jinjiang District (39.73%), working in service industries (36.99%), divorced or widowed (67.58%), and Han people (72.15%). There were no significant differences in above characteristics of HIV-infected persons and patients with AIDS from 2018 to 2020 (χ²=0.29, 0.22, 5.65, 1.92, 5.68, 1.12, 2.12, 0.39, P>0.05). 75.34% of the patients were infected through heterosexual transmission, and 50.68% were detected at treatment. The proportion of patients whose first CD4 cell test result was lower than 200/μL was relatively higher (43.84%). Nearly 81.28% of the patients received antiviral therapy, and the mortality reached 16.89%. From 2018 to 2020, the difference in transmission route, sample source, the first examination results of CD4 cells, antiviral treatment, or prognosis was not statistically significant (χ²=1.29, 3.59, 1.56, 0.01, 0.35, P>0.05). Fever (62.10%), fatigue (42.01%), and lymph node enlargement (28.77%) were main symptoms of the patients. 51.14% were detected in outpatient examinations, and most patients were accompanied by at least one opportunistic infection. Cytomegalovirus infection (56.16%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (36.53%) were main virus infection types. From 2018 to 2020, there was no significant difference in symptoms, visiting departments or combined infection (χ²=0.07-3.00, 3.00, 0.20-2.61, P>0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is relatively severe in 45 year-old or older people in Chengdu. The constituent ratio and the incidence rate show an upward trend. Therefore, individualized prevention and control strategies should be formulated for 45 year-old or older people to effectively suppress the transmission of HIV/AIDS in the middle-aged and the elderly.

Objective: To evaluate the usage of ultrasound guided wire-localization, nano-carbon staining and the combination of the above two methods in detecting sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 159 cases of breast cancer from May 2015 to December 2017 in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were selected, and they were treated with ultrasound guided wire-localization, nano-carbon staining and combination of the two methods separately to detect SLN before the operation. After the operation, SLN and axillary lymph node in each group were marked and made pathological diagnosis. Results: There were 69 cases with pathological diagnosis of SLN metastasis and 90 cases without abnormal representation. With the patient as the unit, the sensitivity of ultrasound guided wire-localization was 100.0% (69/69), the sensitivity of nano-carbon staining was 98.6% (68/69), and the sensitivity of combination of the two methods was 97.1% (67/69). The specificity of ultrasound guided wire-localization was 3.3% (3/90), the specificity of nano-carbon staining was 2.2% (2/90), and the specificity of combination of the two methods was 5.6% (5/90). With the count of SLN as the unit, the combination of the two methods had the highest diagnostic efficiency in detecting SLN, and the difference was statistical significant (χ² = 34.31, P < 0.001). Conclusions Ultrasound guided wire-localization and nano-carbon staining are safe and accessible methods for detecting SLN. It provides a precise treatment for early breast cancer, and it can protect medical staff from radiation, which is expected to be the best method for detection of SLN in breast cancer.