OBJECTIVE: Nuclear factor (NF)-?B is an inducible transcription factor detected in neurons, glial and neural stem cells. It is involved in many biological processes such as inflammation and innate immunity, development, apoptosis and anti-apoptosis. This text is aimed to explain the roles of NF-?B in proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells. DATA SOURCES: The related literatures between January 1987 and September 2006 were collected from the PUBMED with the keywords of "Neural stem cell, Proliferation, Migration, Differentiation/stem cell, Differentiation/NF-?B" in English. STUDY SELECTION: Firstly the articles were checked and quotations attached to these articles were looked over. Inclusive criteria: the content of the articles must be correlated with roles of NF-?B in proliferation, migration, differentiation of neural stem cell. Exclusive criteria: Repetitive research or articles of Meta analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: There were 61 correlated articles, 32 articles accorded with inclusive criteria, and 29 articles excluded were olden or repetitive in content. In 32 collected articles, 4 articles referred to adult neural stem cell, 3 articles referred to NF-?B/Rel family and Ⅰ-?B, 11 articles referred to NF-?B and proliferation of neural stem cell, 8 articles referred to NF-?B and migration of neural stem cell and 6 articles referred to NF-?B and differentiation of neural stem cell. DATA SYNTHESIS: Neural stem cells were characterized by the capability to undergo self-renewal, cell divisions, to migrate and to differentiate into multiple cell types. Stem cells within the adult brain were found within special areas. Neural stem cells experienced the processes of dissociation, immigration and differentiation. NF-?B was a transcription factor, which can bind to specific DNA-sequences and regulate transcription. NF-?B was involved in induction of proliferation under erythropoietin (EPO), hypoxia conditions and brain injury. The inhibitors of NF-?B such as beta-peptide, nitric oxide acted in negative manner on proliferation of neural stem cells. In migration of neural stem cell, NF-?B was necessary for induction of migration caused by macrophage chemo attractant protein-1, stem cell factor, stromal cell derived factor. The differentiation of neural stem cells toward astrocytic, neuronal, oligodendrocytic and glial lineages was determined by specific signaling cascades. Interleukin-6 family could accelerate the differentiation of neural stem cells to horizontal cells. The differentiation of neuroblastoma cells could be joined by NF-?B. CONCLUSION: A great quantity of evidences verifies that NF-?B plays a crucial role in the complicated regulatory mechanism of transcription of neural stem cells.

AIM: To observe histopathologic changes and NF-?B expression in hippocampus in neonatal and matural rats after repeated seizures, and to explore the role of NF-?B in the pathogenesis of epilepsy in premature brain of rats. METHODS: Neonatal rats and mature rats were divided into 2 experimental groups at 10 days and 60 days after birth (P10 and P60). Convulsions were induced by repeated injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) intraperitoneally for first 5 days. The animals in control group were injected with NS at the same volume in the same conditions. The neurons in CA1, CA3, dentate granule (DG), as well as in hilar were counted by thionin staining, in order to observe the profile of the necrosis and apoptosis. NF-?B expression was examined by immunohistochemistry assay. Timm's method of silver sulfide staining was adopted to observe the mossy fiber sprouting. RESULTS: (1) In immature rats (10 days old), neurons in CA1, CA3 and hilar demonstrated no differences from controls, whereas adult rats (P60) had a significant decrease in number of neurons in CA1 and CA3 (8.22?1.88, 5.62?1.68 vs 6.31?1.50, 3.62?1.40). In adult rats, neurons in dentate granule showed no differences with controls, whereas immature rats with daily seizures had a significant increase (23.25?3.06 vs 16.25?1.58). (2) There was prominent sprouting in the CA3 stratum pyramidal layer in all experimental rats after 5 daily seizures, regardless of the age. However, the degree of sprouting was significantly different between the two experimental groups (3.25?1.03 vs 1.50?0.92, P

China has largest number of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, with complex distribution of genotypes, high proportion of refractory types and low diagnosis and treatment rate. It is necessary to explore accessible pan-genotype antiviral treatment protocols with high cure rate. Currently, the direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are recommended as the main treatment regimes by international guidelines for hepatitis C. Ravidasvir (RDV) is a new generation of NS5a inhibitor, which can be widely used in treatment of gene type 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 CHC with strong antiviral activity and high resistance barrier. A number of clinical studies demonstrate that the combination of ravidavir with DAA S, such as second-generation protease inhibitor danoprevir (DNV) and nucleoside NS5b inhibitor sofosbuvir (SOF) have gained high cure rate and good safety for CHC patients. In this article, the results of related studies on ravidavir-based antiretroviral regimens in treatment of CHC are reviewed.

Based on the analysis of the problems of traditional medical literature retrieval teaching,taking North Sichuan Medical College as an example,the paper discusses the reform practice of medical literature retrieval course teaching from the aspects of enriching teaching contents,constructing literature retrieval excellent resource shared course,online practice and examination platform and controlling teaching quality strictly,etc.

0.05). The data proved that PSMA7 was overexpressed in pcDNA3.1(-)/PSMA7-transfected A549 cell line, both in mRNA level and in protein level. Conclusion Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)/PSMA7 has been successfully constructed, and the PSMA7 is stably expressed in A549 cell line. This would pave the way for further study of PSMA7.

In recent 30 years, stem cell transplantation for severe aregenerative anemia has obtained significant clinical progress, so a regenerative anemia has the possibility of healing. With the improvement of pretreatment, the incidence and severity of complications after stem cell transplantation have been controlled. In this article, we retrieved relevant articles in Pubmed Database, and found the research progress of stem cell transplantation for treating aregenerative anemia. This article investigated the effect of pretreatment improvement on controlling failure rate of stem cell transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the effects of clinical center-based health management on quality of life (QOL) of patients with asthma. Methods A total of 642 patients who had received standard antiasthma treatment over 3 years in our clinical center from September 2005 up to now were randomly assigned to the good compliance group ( group A, n = 326 ) and bad compliance group ( group B, n = 316 ). A questionnaire was used to estimate the awareness about asthma,medical therapy and disease control. Levels of QOL were compared at 6 months and 1 and 3 years after health education. Results In group A,uncontrolled,partly controlled, and completely controlled asthma were found in 21%, 47%, and 32% participants, respectively. Significant difference of QOL was shown between the 2 groups after the intervention ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). At 6 months, forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ), percentage of predicted FEV1 ( FEV1 % pre) ,and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEF)were significantly improved in group A ( all P ＜0. 05 ),although acute attack and hospitalization were largely reduced. In comparison with baseline,6 months and 1 year,self-reported QOL, limitation of motion, stimulus avoidance and response, and disease concerns were significantly changed at 3 years. Conclusions Clinic center-based health management could benefit disease control and QOL of patients with asthma.

Team-oriented scientific project competition-based ideas and measures in teaching of Medical Information Analysis course were studied by introducing non-medical cases into discussion and analysis , simulating brain storm conference , and supplementing team competition .

Objective To explore the effects of low-dose mifepristone on human granulosa cells and the molecular mechanism of its inhibiting or delaying ovulation.Methods Phase contrast microscopy and electron microscopy were conducted to observe the morphological and biochemical change of granulosa cells exposed to various doses of mifepristone for 24 hours(the final concentrations of mifepristone were respectively 2.5?mol/L,5?mol/L and 10?mol/L,Non-mifepristone as the control group).Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in granulosa cells exposed to various doses of mifepristone for 24 hours.The mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bax in granulosa cells were detected by RT-PCR.Results Granulosa cells treated with various doses of mifepristone presented typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis such as condensation of chromatin and cytosolic,and shrink of cells.The expression of Bcl-2 protein might be down-regulated,while the expression of Bax might be up-regulated by mifepristone.The histological score(HSCORE) of Bcl-2 protein in granulosa cells,which were incubated with various doses of mifepristone(2.5?mol/L,5?mol/L,10?mol/L) for 24 hours,were respectively 2.15?0.16,1.88?0.13 and 1.64?0.16 respectively,Compared with the HSCORE of the control group(2.51?0.16),the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion Mifepristone could induce human granulosa cells apoptosis.The Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein may be involved in the apoptosis of granulosa cells induced by mifepristone.

AIM:To investigate the effect of different low-dose mifepristone on apoptosis in granulosa cells and to test low-dose mifepristone as an orally contraceptive drug.METHODS:By using immunofluorescence,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labelling(TUNEL)and flow cytometry technique,the nuclear morphologic features and ratio of apoptosis and fluorescent intensity of caspase-3 in granulosa cells cultured in vitro treated with different low-doses of mifepristone were observed,respectively.RESULTS:By the display of immunofluorescence,the granulosa cells in treatment group were classified as apoptotic cells on the basis of their morphologic features contained a single condensed chromatin,multiple nuclear fragments.The results of TUNEL showed significant difference between control group and groups treated with different concentration of mifepristone(P