Objective To observe the effect of Spleen-kidney Bi-remedial Pellets on the ulcerative colitis model, and provide experimental proof for the efficiency of clinical practices. Methods To induce mouse to diarrhea by Fanxieye, then observe the effect of Spleen-kidney Bi-remedial Pellets. Ulcerative colitis on mouse was caused by partial bowel-enema of TNBS and 50% ethanol, then observe the effect of Spleen-kidney Bi-remedial Pellets on IgG and IgM. Results Spleen-kidney Bi-remedial Pellets was capable to obviously reduce the diarrhea on mouse by Fanxieye, with a remarkable difference to the comparative group (P

ObjectiveTo analyze the seroepidemiologic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and evaluate antibiotics medication of some positive patients by follow-up. Methods Serodia-MycolⅡ particle agglutination assay was used to detect serum antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 3 134 clinically suspected infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was determined and seroepidemiologic was analyzed by results of the test, including positive antibody rates in whole subjects, in male or female groups, in different seasons or age groups as well as in different sources. Evaluate antibiotics medication of some positive patients by follow-up. The average days of medication were counted, different antibiotics medication and medication effect were analyzed. Results In 3 134 serum samples from clinically suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, 350 ( 11.2％ ) were tested with positive antibodies. The positive antibody rate in female patients was 12. 3％ ( 198/1 604), which was higher than 9. 9％ ( 152/1 530) in males (X2 =4. 58,P ＜0. 05). The peak season was found in the fourth quarter (October-December) with 13.2％ of positive antibody and the highest positive rate (32. 8％, 45/137 ) was found in school aged (5 -9 years old )children. Samples from pediatrics clinic and ward were tested to have highest positive rates ( 27. 9％ and 26. 5％, respectively ), comparing that from other sources. Infection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae was identified in 28％ (7/25) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients, which is higher than other diseases. Based on the follow-up of 91 antibody positive patients, between 5 to 120 days ( mean 24. 2 days )were counted from appearance of clinical symptoms to clinic visiting/testing. 71 of 91 (78. 0％ ) patients was medicated with macrolide antibiotics, 4 (4. 4％ ) with quinolones, 4 (4. 4％ ) with cephalosporin, and the rest 12 ( 13.2％ ) patients were medicated with other antibiotics or only symptomatic treatment. The average period of antibiotics medication was between 3 to 21 days (mean 8. 2 days). Medication effect results by follow-up were cure in 35 ( 38. 5％ ), improvement in 50 (54. 9％ ), and poor responses in 6 (6. 6％ ).ConclusionsMycoplasma pneumoniae positive rate in female patients was higher than in males, and peak rate was found in the fourth quarter and in school aged children. Samples from pediatrics clinic and ward were tested to have highest positive rates. Physicians could choose first line antibiotics according to laboratory test results of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and gain good effect.

Objective: To establish the quality standard for Dibu Gengnian 'an granules. Methods: Fructus Schisandrae, Radix Pueaariae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Psoraleae and Radix Glycytthizae in the formula were identified by TLC. The content of puerarin in the formula was determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on a Welchrom C18 (200 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0. 5% glacial acetic acid (25∶75) at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detec-tion wavelength was set at 250 nm, and the column temperature was 25℃. Results:The spots in TLC were clear with good separation and specificity. The linearity of the calibration curve was good within the range of 5-120 μg·ml-1 for puerarin (r=0. 999 8). The RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3%. The average recovery was 99. 09% (RSD=2. 38%, n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, specific, accurate and reliable. It can be used in the quality control of Dibu Gengnian’an granules.

Objective To explore an effective evaluation method for students' self-and peer-assess-ment. Methods The students of 6 groups participating in extracurricular teaching activities were selected as research subject. Traditional method (final score = mean score of group/2 + teacher's score/2) and mean difference method [final score=teacher's score-(mean difference of group-mean difference of all groups)] were used to calculate final score of each group, and effect of two methods were compared. Results Scores of most groups were higher than the teacher's scores, and high scores were given by group 3 in self- and peer-assessment. The final score of all groups were higher than teacher's scores in traditional method. Compared with teacher's scores, final scores increased significantly in group 1, 4, 5 below mean difference, final score decreased significantly in group 2, 3 above mean difference, and final score did not differ in group 6 equal to mean difference in mean difference method. Conclusion The mean difference method can reflect the effect of student's self- and peer-assessment, and guide student to make objective and accurate evaluation. It is a more reasonable and scientific evaluation method for self-and peer-assessment.

Objective:To detect the effect of EphrinA1-Fc on the phosphorylation of EphA2 and extracellular signal-regulated ki-nase (ERK) in 786-O renal carcinoma cells (RCCs). Methods:The soluble ligand EphrinA1-Fc was used to inhibit the 786-O RCCs in vitro. Western blot analysis was used to examine the phosphorylation of EphA2 and ERK1/2 in the 786-O RCCs at different time points. Results:After the intervention with EphrinA1-Fc for 5, 10, 30, and 60 min, the expression of p-EphA2 increased (F=9.392, P=0.025) as well as that of p-ERK (F=4.428, P=0.041). No p-EphA2 and p-ERK expression was observed in the pre-intervention group. Conclusion:One of the possible mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of EphrinA1-Fc on tumor metastasis and recurrence involves the phosphorylation of EphA2 by EphrinA1-Fc, leading to the degradation of EphA2.

This article was aimed to study the synergy effect of effective substances group and mechanisms of Qi-Zhi Wei-Tong (QZWT) Granules in promoting gastrointestinal dynamic effect in order to explore its mechanism. Rats were divided into 16 groups. Different component compatibility was given to promote the gastrointestinal dynamic ef-fect. The traditional semi-solid paste carbon propelling analysis method was used to observe gastrointestinal motility changes of rats after medication. After intragastric administration, changes of NO, cGMP and Ca2+content in gastroin-testinal tissues were observed. The results showed that fructus aurantii flavonoids and Cyperi flavonoids had the most prominent effect in promoting gastrointestinal motility in QZWT Granules (P< 0.01), which were followed by Cyperus oil and limonene (P< 0.05). Two-way interactions indicated that the combination of fructus aurantii flavonoids and limonene had prominently promoting action in gastrointestinal motility, which was followed by the combination of fructus aurantii flavonoids and Cyperus oil, Cyperi flavonoids and Cyperus oil, limonene and Cyperus oil. Each effec-tive component can reduce the NO and cGMP content in gastrointestinal tissues, and increase the Ca2+ content. It was concluded that the study defined the correlation and synergy between effective components and promoting effect of gastrointestinal motility. Mechanism of the effective component to promote gastrointestinal dynamic might be relat-ed to the reducing of NO and cGMP content in gastrointestinal tissues and increasing of Ca2+ content. This study also provided a theoretical basis for further research on quality control, compatibility and spectrum-effect correlation of gastrointestinal motility promotion medications.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of magnesium on calcification induced by hyperphosphate.Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were primarily cultured in vitro and induced calcification by β-glycerophosphate (β-GP).VSMCs were randomly divided into control group,high phosphorus group (10 mmol/L β-GP),magnesium intervèntion group(10 mmol/L β-GP + 3 mmol/L MgSO4) and 2-aminoethoxy-diphenylborate (2-APB,an inhibitor of magnesium transporter) intervention group(10 mmol/L β-GP+3 mmol/L MgSO4+ 10-4 mol/L 2-APB).Calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured by alizarin red staining,quantification of calcium and euzyme linked immunosorbent assay.RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to observe the expression of core binding factor α-1 (Cbfα-1) mRNA and protein,respectively.In vivo,male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were randomly divided into control group (methylcellulose+high phosphorous diet),vascular calcification group (adenine suspension + high phosphorous diet),high magnesium intervention group(adenine suspension+high phosphorous and magnesium diet).The aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured,and vascular calcification was determined by von Kossa stain and quantification of calcium.Cbfα-1 in aortic was measured by immunohistochemistry.Results In vitro,compared with high phosphorus group,calcification,ALP activity (P ＜ 0.05) and Cbfα-1expression in VSMCs were significantly decreased in magnesium intervention group after incubation for 14 days,but the addition of 2-APB might inhibit the protective effect of magnesium on VSMCs.Dynamic observation of Cbfα-1 showed that magnesium significantly inhibited the expression of Cbfα-1 (P ＜ 0.05) on the third day and the inhibitory role was obviously increased in a time-dependent manner.Consistent with the findings in vitro,the aortic PWV,calcification were all significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05) in high magnesium intervention group with high serum magnesium level,when compared with vascular calcification group.Immunohistochemistry showed that hypermagnesemia downregulated obviously the expression of Cbfα-1 induced by hyperphosphatemia(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Magnesium protects against vascular calcification by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs.

Objective To explore the effect of vitamin K2 on β-glycerophosphate(β-GP)-induced rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification and and the mechanism.Methods VSMCs were obtained from rat aortic,and identified by immunocytochemistry,then randomly divided into control group,high phosphorus group,vitamin K2 group (the group was settled three subgroups according to the concentration of vitamin K2 based on the high phosphorus medium,namely 10 μmol/L,25 μmol/L,50 μmol/L) and noggin (bone morphogenetic protein pathway inhibitor) group.Calcification was visualized by Alizarin red staining,calcium load in cells was quantified by o-cresolphthalein complexone method and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured after stimulating 14 days,gene expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2),SMAD1,SMAD7 and Runx2 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR,Runx2 protein levels was detected by Western blotting after stimulating 3 days.Results Compared with the cells in control group,high phosphorus induced cell calcification,increased ALP activity,up-regulated the expression of BMP-2,SMAD1,Runx2 mRNA (P ＜ 0.05) and down-regulated the expression of SMAD7 (P ＜ 0.01),while compared with high phosphorus group,the calcium deposition,ALP activity and the expression of BMP-2,SMAD1,Runx2 mRNA were remarkably reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with vitamin K2 (P ＜ 0.05) and the expression of SMAD7 was increased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with high phosphorus group,SMAD1 and Runx2 expression in noggin group were remarkably reduced(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Vitamin K2 inhibits β-glycerophosphate-induced VSMCs calcification which correlates with the suppression of the expression of osteoblast markers through the down-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein pathway.

Objective To explore the effects of L?type calcium channel (LTCC) α1C and β3 subunits on that magnesium inhibited thoracic aortic calcification induced by β?glycerophosphate (β?GP). Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and aortic rings from rat aortic were cultured, then divided into control group, high phosphorus group (10 mmol/L β?GP), magnesium group (10 mmol/L β?GP+3 mmol/L MgSO4) and 2?APB (an inhibitor of magnesium transporter) group (10 mmol/L β?GP+3 mmol/L MgSO4+0.1 mmol/L 2?APB). Calcium deposition of VSMCs and aortic rings were respectively measured by alizarin red staining and Von Kossa staining, meanwhile the quantification of their calcium was tested by OCPC. The mRNA expressions of Runx2, LTCCα1C andβ3 in VSMCs were detected by RT?PCR, and their protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. Intracellular calcium ion of VSMCs was tested by fluorescence probe and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)activity was measured by ELISA. The Runx2 expression of aortic rings was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results After VSMCs stimulated for 7 days, calcium, ALP, mRNA and protein expressions of LTCCα1C, LTCCβ3 and Runx2, and intracellular calcium ion in high phosphorus group were higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). Moreover, calcium, ALP, mRNA and protein expressions of LTCCα1C, LTCCβ3 and Runx2, and intracellular calcium ion were decreased in magnesium group as compared with those in high phosphorus group (all P<0.05). In aortic rings, magnesium group had lower calcium and protein expression of Runx2 than high phosphorus group. No statistical difference between 2?APB group and high phosphorus group was observed in above indexes (all P>0.05). Conclusion Magnesium may down?regulate expressions of LTCCα1C andβ3 subunit, prevent calcium influx and then inhibit osteogenic differentiation so as to reduce β?glycerophosphate?induced VSMCs calcification.

Objective To establish plaque reduction assay and evaluate the activities of oseltamivir (tamiflu),amantadine,ribavirin and herb radix isatidis against influenza virus in vitro.Methods Plaque reduction assay was used to determine IC_(50) values of four studied drugs above in this susceptibility testing in which 8 clinical isolates(three influenza A virus isolates and five influenza B virus isolateds)were inoculated and tested.Results By testing of 8 clinical isolates of influenza virus A and B isolated between the year 2001 to 2008,oseltamivir and amantadine were found to be sensitive to influenza A virus with IC_(50) of 0.064 -0.128 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L,respectively.However,ribavirin(IC_(50)>8 mg/L)was not found to be sensitive,and herb radix isatidis had totally no activities.Unfortunately.all four studied drugs were not found to have activities against influenza B virus in vitro.Conclusions It Was indicated that oseltamivir and amantadine.but not ribavirin and herb radix isatidis.are sensitive to influenza A virus.All four studied drugs were not found to have activities against influenza B virus in vitro.