OBJECTIVE:To explore the risk factors for nosocomial infection of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) in ICU,and to provide reference for preventing and controlling MDRO in ICU. METHODS:In retrospective study,246 patients with nosocomial infection from ICU of Xi'an Aerospace General Hospital (hereinafter referred to asour hospital) during Jan. 2011-Dec. 2015 were selected and divided into non-MDRO infection group (140 cases) and MDRO infection group (106 cases). The detection and drug resistance of MDRO were analyzed in MDRO group. Univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression anal-ysis were used to explore risk factors for nosocomial infection of MDRO. RESULTS:During 2011-2015,435 strains of MDRO were isolated from 106 MDRO infection patients,in which Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 89.43%,showing severe drug re-sistance. Univariate analysis showed that the following 13 factors were related to nosocomial infection of MDRO,such as ICU ad-mission time,hypoproteinemia,acute cerebrovascular diseases,renal abnormalities,mechanical ventilation time,arterivenous cath-eterization time,urethral catheterization time,indwelling gastric tube time,type and time of using antibiotics,combined use of an-tibiotics,application of carbapenems and the third generation caphalosporins(P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that acute cerebrovascular diseases,type and time of using antibiotics were the independent risk factors for nosocomial infection of MDRO in ICU [odds ratios were 2.816,1.582,1.265,95%CI were (1.540,5.151),(1.085,2.306),(1.131,1.415)]. CONCLU-SIONS:Some prevention and control measures should be taken actively for high-risk MDRO infection patients in ICU to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection of MDRO and improve the quality of health care.

Objective To seek optimum extraction conditions of Radix Scutellaria in Qinbai ointment by studying on extraction process. Method The optimum extraction regard baicalin as the index. It was investigated by the orthogonal design and determined by HPLC. Result The effect of alcohol concentration has extremely remarkable difference (P

Objective To analyze MRI features of tuberculosis of spinal vertebra, spinal meninges and spinal cord. Methods Fifty cases with tuberculosis of spinal vertebra, spinal meninges or spinal cord confirmed by clinical and pathological evaluation were collected in this study. Findings of plain and Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Results In 40 patients with spinal vertebra tuberculosis, there were 137 involved vertebrae, 52 involved intervertebral discs, 30 peri-vertebra cold abscesses, 23 intraspinal abscesses and compression of spinal cord, 29 athological fractures, 12 posterior process of spinal columns, 2 involved appendix. There were 4 cases of spinal meninges tuberculosis, 4 of tuberculous myelitis and 2 combination of tuberculosis of spinal meninges and spinal column. Conclusion MRI, especially the contrast MRI, could accurately and early demonstrate the morphological and pathological changes of tuberculosis of spinal vertebra, spinal meninges and spinal cord.

Objective To obtain I50 anti-idiotype antibody and identify its activity in vitro.Methods I50 anti-idiotype (Id) antibody gene was amplified from the template of fuse 5-I50 by PCR to construct a prokaryotic expression vector pET25b-I50. The expression of pET25b-I50 in E. coli BL21(DE3) was induced by isopropylthio-β-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG) and was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with Ab1(FC2) monoclonal antibody and an anti-hexahistidine tag antibody. The method of dialysis refolding was used to restore the activity of I50 anti-Id antibody, which was measured by Dot-ELISA and lymphocyte proliferation assay. Results The recombinant vector was successfully constructed and the recombinant protein was successfully expressed and purified with 90% purity. The relative molecular weight of the expressed protein was 15 kD, which was in accordance with expectation. The activity of I50 anti-Id antibody could be restored and could promote the proliferation of lymphocyte in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These results suggested that I50 anti-Id protein vaccine is likely an option in the therapy against nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vivo.

BACKGROUND: At present, the internationally public recognition of childhood trauma questionnaire is the authorized version of Bernstein,American psychologist, in 1998.OBJECTIVE: To set up the scale of Chinese version of childhood trauma questionnaire with 28 items and analyze its reliability and validity.DESIGN: Community investigation was designed.SETTING: Mental Health Institute, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 441 students from 8 classes were randomized from a countryside middle school of a city in Henan in October 2004.METHODS: A total of 441 students were measured with childhood trauma questionnaire and 93 of them were re-measured 2 months later. Childhood trauma questionnaire included 28 items and divided into 5 subscales,named emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect. Five grades were adopted in each item, named 1 score: never; 2 scores: occasionally; 3 scores: sometimes; 4 scores: often;and 5 scores: always. Every subscale was varied from 5 to 25 scores, and the total results were in the range from 25 to 125 scores. It was to analyze the internal identical property, reliability of re-measuring, average correlation coefficient among items and correlation coefficient between total score and every subscale. And the analysis was carried on validation factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Homogeneity reliability, re-measuring reliability and validity, absolute fit index, relative fit index and parsimony index of childhood trauma questionnaire were involved.RESULTS: Totally 441 pieces of questionnaire were distributed on the spot and 435 pieces of questionnaire with integral and regular answers were collected. Totally 93 pieces of questionnaire were delivered for the second evaluation 2 months later and 93 pieces with regular answers were collected. All of those were used for the evaluation of re-measuring reliability of such measuring table. ① Cronbach α coefficient was 0.64 in Chinese version of childhood trauma questionnaire of and re-measuring reliability was 0.75. Cronbach αcoefficient of every subscale was varied from 0. 16 to 0.65 and re-measuring reliability was in the range from 0.27 to 0.73. The correlation coefficient among items was varied from -0.20 to 0. 44; ②The correlation coefficient between total score and every subscale was varied from 0. 36 to 0.68 and the correlation coefficient among subscales was from-0.01 to 0.39; ③ Indexes of validation factor analysis:The load coefficient of physical neglect was varied from 0.09 to 0. 64 and that in 2 items was less than 0.20. Multiple correlation coefficient was varied from-0. 20 to 0. 82, X2/df was 2.48 and root mean square error of appr0ximation(RMSEA) was 0.06. Added indexes: IFI (0. 76), CFI (0.75) and TLI (0.72) .Parsimony index: PNFI (0.58) and PCFI (0. 67).CONCLUSION: Chinese version of childhood trauma questionnaire provides better reliability and validity. According to validation analysis, except physical neglect, every index tallies with psychometric standards. The results of analysis on normative pathways are satisfactory, which explains that the subscales of such measuring model provide good matching property and conception validity.

This paper presents a recognition system for the automatic quality control in industrial applications. The purpose of the system is to collect the product information (e.g. Expiry-date, production identification) and verify these information for quality control. The main difficulties of the system are to make an effcient preprocessing for the acquired low resolution image and to create a simple and fast recognition method to get the product information. In this paper, we propose an effcient recognition method based on the endpoint features and structure characteristics of the numerals. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effcient, robust and reliable for recognizing machine printed numerals. The system is currently successfully working with a real application with required specifications.

This paper demonstrates that the visual and graphical repository can be established through extending the SVG standard, introducing C# script and customizing component into repository. The graphical system, which uses the technique of Visual Studio.Net, supports the secondary object-oriented development. It allows the user to not only add all kinds of component objects, but also add properties and functions for the object. In addition, the graphical system has a very good property of customization. It supports the C# script and the zoom in/zoom out of pictures. The file formats used in this system are XML and SVG.

Objective To examine the distribution of Malassezia species in follicular contents and perifollicular superficial skin in patients with Malassezia folliculitis and search for its causative agent. Methods A total of 120 patients with Malassezia folliculitis were investigated. Follicular lesions at three different anatomic sites were selected in each patient. Perifolliclar superficial skin specimens were taken by sterile adhesive tape, and the follicular contents of the same follicle were taken by sterile haemostatic forceps. The above specimens were cultured respectively on media containing rapeseed oil. The isolated colonies were identified by their physiological and morphological characteristics. Results Out of 319 isolates obtained from the perifollicular superficial skin, 247 isolates (77.43%) were identified as M. sympodialis, 40 isolates (12.54%) as M. furfur, 27 isolates(8.46%) as M. globosa and 5 isolates(1.57%) as M. obtusa. Out of 314 isolates obtained from follicular contents, 252 isdates(80.25%) were identified as M. globosa, 57 isolates(18.15%) as M. sympodialis, 4 isolates(1.27%) as M. furfur, and 1 isolate(0.32%) as M. obtusa. There was statistical difference in species distribution between the follicular contents and the perifolliclar superficial skin (P

Objective To investigate the impact of childhood abuse and exposure to family violence on college students'self-esteem.Methods Using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 Item Short Form(CTQ-SF),Witness to interparental Violence Questionnaire,Self-esteem Scale(SES),and to investigate 412 college students tional abuse,emotional ignorance,physical ignorance or exposure to interparental physical violence had lower selfesteem(28.04±4.31,28.43±3.81,28.55±3.70,28.66±3.67,28.15±3.87),compared to the students withStudy showed the self-esteem was negatively correlated with childhood physical abuse,emotional abuse,sexual abuse,emotional ignorance,physical ignorance and exposure to interparental physical violence(r=-0.134,-0.216,-0.359,-0.250,-0.170,P＜0.01).Study showed most significant correlation between childhood emotional ignorance,childhood emotional abuse and self-esteem.Conclusion The experience of childhood abuse and ignorance,exposure to family violence have side effects on college students'self-esteem.The most important factors are childhood emotional ignorance and emotional abuse.

BACKGROUND: The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) compiled by the Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, has been verified to have good reliability and validity in the assessment of foreign community adults and patients with affective disorder,but the application of CECA.Q in China still needs verification of reliability and validity in various population.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reliability and validity of CECA.Q in community population.DESIGN: The subjects were randomized selected; the principle for the analysis of scale reliability and validity was followed.SETTING: Mental Health Institute of Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: From September 2003 to February 2004, 608 adults were selected from two communities of Hunan Changsha city and Henan Xinxiang city as the common community population group, totally 608scales of CECA.Q were sent out, 8 invalid ones were excluded, and finally 600 subjects finished the investigation. Sixty adult inpatients with depressive disease were randomly selected from Henan Provincial Psychiatric Hospital as the depression group.METHODS: The common community population and patients with depressive disease were investigated with CECA.Q, which was a self-rating scale mainly to retrospectively survey whether the adults had suffered from physical, sexual or mental abuse in their childhood, and the mental abuse had two factors of antipathy and neglect, and each included 8 items. The answers for the items were quantified into 5 grades. The subjects evaluated whether their parents had given any abuse to them; the higher the score was, the greater the mental abuse they suffered. Of the community population, 40 cases were the positive samples with the history of physical and sexual abuse in childhood evaluated by CECA.Q, and they were then assessed with Bifulco provided childhood experience of care and abuse (CECA) together with 40 cases randomly selected from 560 samples with negative evaluation. A total of 100 cases in the community population were also evaluated with Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), besides, 30 cases were retested with CECA.Q at 2 weeks after the first evaluation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, contents and criterion validity of CECA.Q were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the community population, 8 invalid questionnaires were excluded, and the other 600 cases entered the statistical analysis. ① Testretest reliability of CECA.Q: The Cronbach α coefficient for the mental abuse section was 0.87 (0.85 for maternal one, 0.83 for paternal one); including that of antipathy factor was 0.84 (0.80 for maternal one, 0.81 for paternal one), and that of neglect factor was 0.85 (0.84 for maternal one,.83 for paternal one. The test-retest reliability coefficient for mental abuse as 0.83 (0.81 for maternal one, 082 for paternal one), including that of antipathy was 0.81 (0.82 for maternal one, 0.70 for paternal one), and that f neglect was 0.79 (0.78 for maternal one, 0.75 for paternal one). The twice evaluations of physical and sexual abuse had good consistency (Kappa=0.78). ② Criterion validity of CECA.Q: The correlation coefficients of mental abuse, antipathy and neglect factors in CECA.Q with Zung SDS were 0.58, 0.55 and 0.60 respectively (P＜0.01). CECA.Q and CECA had good consistency in evaluating history of physical and sexual abuse, and the score of mental abuse in the depressive patients was higher than that in community population (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The CECA.Q shows acceptable reliability and validity in community population, and can be used as a self-rating measure for childhood abuse experience in China.