Objective To understand the trend of occurrence,diagnosis,and prognosis of breast cancer in the cases treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH) between 1975 and 2006.Methods A total of 1092 cases of breast cancer treated in the PUMCH from 1975 to 2006 were classified into six groups by time span and reviewed for a comparative study on the parameters of gender,age,menstruation status,tumor size,mumber of positive axillary nodes,pathologic stage,recurrence and metastasis and disease-free survival rate.Results The average age of breast cancer patient has risen from 50.90 to 53.92,while 40-49 year-old group was the largest age group of breast cancer patients,and the percentage of menopause female was the highest.Tumor size has gradually been smaller especially since 2000.The number of positive axillary nodes showed no significant change during the time periods.In all 6 groups,stage-II cases were more frequent,although the percentage of stage-0 and stage-I cases was on the rise,while the percentage of stage-III declined,and that of stage-IV remained stable.In all 6 groups,the 5-year and 10-year disease free survival rate had steadily increased.Conclusions The early diagnostic rate of breast cancer has been improving and subsequently the prognosis has improved as well.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and drug resistance of neonatal purulent meningitis caused by Escherichia coli. Methods The clinical data of 46 neonates diagnosed with purulent meningitis caused by Escherichia coli were retrospectively analyzed from June 2004 to June 2014. The neonates were divided into community acquired infection group and nosocomial infection group, or early group (from June 2004 to May 2009) and late group (from 2009 June to June 2014). Result Fever, hypothermia, lethargy, poor feeding, tachypnea, and tachycardia were common clinical manifestations in all neonates. The detection rate of ESBLs was signiifcantly higher in nosocomial infection group than that in community acquired infection group (P?

Surface topography of the Anisakis type I 3rd stage larva (L3), the main pathogen of anisakiasis, was observed by scanning electron microscope under magnifications of 400 to 14000X. The head bears a trapezoid undivided lip mass, with 2 mammillary elevations at the middle of the two lateral sides and a cuticular boring tooth on its ventral side. The mouth leading into the esophagus is situated in the centre of the centrally located cuticular elevation of the lip mass. The excretory pore opens ventrally just behind the boring tooth. The surface of the lip mass shows fine striations, but looks smooth elsewhere. Neither flat papillae nor minute "teeth" or "hairs" described hither to have been observed. The cuticle of the body surface shows shallow and irregular annular grooves and folds and numerous fine longitudinal micro-furrows and cristae. These surface markings appear uniformly from head to tail and to the utmost end of the pagoda like mucrones at the tip of the tail. The ventrally located crescent anus is situated about 90?m from the base of the mucron.

Objective To evaluate effects of different laparoscopic procedures for hydrosalpinx on ovarian responses to superovulation induction during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods A total of 65 patients with infertility derived from hydrosalpinx underwent 67 cycles of IVF-ET from January 2002 to January 2005.Before the IVF-ET,the patients were given bilateral laparosocpic salpingectomy(Group A,n=47,48 cycles) or laparosocpic proximal tubal ligation and distal tubal salpingostomy(Group B,n=18,19 cycles).Another 58 patients with proximal tubal occlusion without hydrosalpinx were simultaneously included for 58 cycles of IVF-ET(Group C).Results The fertilization rates,cleavage rates,implantation rates,and clinical pregnancy rates were 85%?21%,95%?17%,49%(55/113),and 79%(38/48) in the Group A,83%?17%,98%?7%,47%(21/45),and 68%(13/19) in the Group B,and 81%?22%,92%?16%,41%(57/140),and 66%(38/58) in the Group C,respectively,without statistically significant difference among the 3 groups(F=0.48,P=0.620;F=1.22,(P=0.297);?~2=1.691,P=0.429;?~2=2.471,P=0.291).The doses of gonadotrophin,the duration of stimulation,and the number of retrieved oocytes were 29.4?10.3 vials,9.4?1.7 d,and 11.4?5.6 in the Group A,24.7?7.7 vials,9.0?1.8 d,and 12.8?6.1 in the Group B,and 28.4?8.8 vials,9.1?1.8 d,and 11.4?5.3 in the Group C,respectively,without statistically significant difference among the 3 groups(F=1.77,P=0.174;F=0.52,P=0.593;F=0.51,P=0.599).Conclusions Laparosocpic salpingectomy or laparosocpic proximal tubal ligation with distal tubal salpingostomy for hydrosalpinx does not impair ovarian responses to the superovulation induction.Both of the procedures may be considered for the treatment of hydrosalpinx prior to IVF-ET.

Objective To study the properties of K~ +-ion channel of rat parietal cells, and to approach its effects on physiological and pathological process. Method Parietal cells were isolated. Electrophysiological records of K~ +-ion channels were made through whole cell's patch clamp technique, and the properties of the channels were analyzed. Results 10mM tetraethylammonium chloride may partially block the outwardly depolarized K~ +-ion channel current. While 10mM tetraethylammonium acetate, 10mM barium chloride or 10mM barium acetate may increases the outwardly depolarized K~ +-ion channel current. Conclusion The whole cell K~ +-ion channel current of rat parietal cells showed voltage sensitive. The current-voltage relations of whole cell potassium channels of rat parietal cells are both outwardly and inwardly rectified.

To explore whether the imprinting status of IGF-2 in the malignant epithelial ovarian tumors is different from that in benign tumors, the target sequences (DNA and RNA) which contain a polymorphism site for ApaI restriction endonuclease digestion were amplified with PCR and RT-PCR methods. Then the PCR/RT-PCR products were digested by ApaI. The IGF-2 transcriptional pattern came out from the results of endonucleases digestion. Among the 36 cases of benign epithelial ovarian tumors, 20 were heterozygous for ApaI locus and all showed genomic imprinting. While in the malignant group, 22 were heterozygous for ApaI locus but six were found to lose imprinting. Significant differences existed between the two groups (P < 0.05). Loss of imprinting of IGF-2 may serve as a marker for differentiating the malignant ovarian cancers from the benign ones. In a new field of molecular genetics, our research provides an experimental basis for genetic diagnosis and treatment of the ovarian cancers.
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/*genetics ; Cystadenoma/genetics ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/*genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics

0.05)and the differences of AUC 0～t ,T max and C max were not significant as verified by two-one sided t test.CONCLUSION:The relative bioequivalence of polyferose capsules is101.02%which indicates that polyferose capsule is a bioequivalent product of Niferex capsule.

Objective To purify BMSCs by a simple Colony-Forming system and identify BMSCs in vitro.Methods BMSCs were planted at low-density ( 10/cm2 ) in the early stage of isolation,additional cells were scraped until a colony formed,secondly seeded those Colony-Forming cells at low-density.This process was repeat again when passaged cells formed another colony.This so called Colony-Forming selection was repeated several times until highly purified cells were obtained.Biological characters of BMSCs were observed.The surface antigens of BMSCs were identified by flow cytometry.The multipotentiality of BMSCs was assayed for differentiation into either osteoblasts or adipocytes.Results Homogeneous cells were obtained after BMSCs were passaged twice to thrice by Colony-Forming system.These BMSCs highly expressed positive surface antigens of BMSCs ( CD29 in 98.8％,CD90 in 98.4％ ) meanwhile seldom expressed negative surface antigens of BMSCs (CD31 in 2.6％,CD45 in 3％ ).BMSCs efficiently differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes.Conclusions Colony-Forming system is a simple and effective way to get highly purified BMSCs in a short time.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of screening for major fetal heart disease by training sonographers in township or county level hospitals .Methods:Training of B ultrasound scan for congeni-tal heart defects was given to the sonographers from one county hospital , and thirteen township hospitals ( or the district hospitals ) , and training of fetal echocardiography was given to sonographers from four city/county hospitals.The trained sonographers who had passed the examinations and had obtained quali-fications after six months of independent practice began to screen fetal congenital heart defects .To evalu-ate the effectiveness , sensitivity and specificity of screening was calculated by using the diagnosis of ex-pert neonatal/fetal echocardiographers as the gold standard .Results: A total of 3 425 fetuses received one fetal B ultrasound screening , one fetal echocardiography and one neonatal echocardiography from April 1, 2004 to December 31, 2005.One hundred and sixty-five B ultrasound screening images (4.9%) from township hospitals and fifty-six fetal echocardiography images (1.7%) from county or city centers couldn ’ t be reviewed because of poor quality .The sensitivity of fetal B ultrasound screening in the township and county hospitals was 30%and 0, and the specificity 93.3%and 99.9%, respectively. Nine fetuses with a major congenital heart disease were eventually found by the trained sonographers , and two cases were misdiagnosed and two unnoticed .The total sensitivity and specificity of fetal echocardio-graphy were 81.8% and 99.9%, respectively.The sensitivity in the county and city hospitals was 66 .7% and 100%, respectively .The specificity in the county and city hospitals was 99 .9%and 100%, respectively .Conclusion: Under the current circumstances , township hospitals are unable to perform effective fetal cardiac screening .Screening on fetal congenital heart disease is suggested to be taken by trained sonographers in county and city level medical centers .

Objective To compare the potential cytotoxicity induced by Veratrum nigrum coadministered with Panax ginseng, and to provide experimental evidence on the mode of herb-herb interaction based on human liver drug metabolizing enzymes.Methods The effect of V.nigrum and coadministration on cultured human hepatoma (HepG2) cells was investi-gated by detecting morphological changes , cell viability , cytomembrane integrity and apoptosis after the cells were treated for 24 h.The mRNA expression levels of drug metabolizing enzymes influenced by P.ginseng were determined by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction .Results V.nigrum coadministered with P.ginseng had a better inhibitive effect on the growth of HepG2 cells at the IC50value of (15.18 ±1.03) mg/ml than at the value of IC50 (21.46 ±1.10) mg/ml of V.nigrum.Coadministration more significantly raised the LDH level in cell culture medium than at the same dose of V.nigrum.Moreover, in coadministration group, compared with the same dose of V.nigrum,the total apoptosis and necrosis of HepG2 cells were significantly increased .P.ginseng had effect on the expression of CYP3A4, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 mRNA.Conclution Compatibility of medicines in a prescription also has herb-herb interactions based on drug metabolizing enzymes .The interaction mode is that the P.ginseng inhibits and induces CYPs and the modulated CYP isozymes ,inturn,have an impact on the metabolism of constituens in coadministered herbs causing herb-herb interaction .