In this paper,the significance of developing undergraduates’ creative qualities and how to train undergraduates’ innovative qualities are discussed.The effects of teaching reformation are also analyzed.

Objective To study the effect of amikacin on aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression in mice inner ear and reveal the possible mechanism of amikacin ototoxicity .Methods A total of 60 CBA/CaJ mice were randomly di-vided into experimental group and control group with 30 mice in each group .Experimental group mice were subcuta-neously injected with 450 mg/kg amikacin once a day for 2 weeks ,meanwhile control group mice were injected with normal saline .The expression of AQP4 were detected by immunohistochemistry .The changes of AQP4 protein and mRNA abundance were detected separately by Westen Blots and RT -PCR .Results AQP4 in mice inner ear mainly located in supported cells in Corti’s organ .AQP4 protein abundance in experimental group and control group were 0 .672 ± 0 .074 and 0 .479 ± 0 .108 ,mRNA abundance were 0 .701 ± 0 .107 and 0 .460 ± 0 .080 ,respectively .The a-bundance of AQP4 protein and mRNA in inner ear in amikacin -treated mice were significantly lower than those of in control group .Conclusion Amikacin may down -regulate AQP4 expression in mice inner ear .

Objective To evaluate the value of echo‐contrast RT‐3DE for assessment of left ventricular volume and function in patients with left ventricular non‐compaction(LVNC) .Methods Twenty‐one patients of LVNC were involved and underwent non‐enhanced and contrast‐enhanced RT‐3DE to evaluate left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) ,left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) ,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) .The endocardial border definition of LV was graded for each of the 16 LV segments as follows :0 = border invisible ,1 = border visualized only partially ,and 2 = complete visualization of the border .Three image‐quality groups (good ,fair ,and uninterpretable) were identified . Results ①Duringcontrast‐enhancedRT‐3DE,ascomparedwithnon‐enhancedRT‐3DE,thenumberof segments with complete visualization of the endocardial border increased significantly (55% vs 82% ,P <0.01) ,and the number of patients with a good‐quality echocardiogram increased significantly (33% vs 81% , P <0.01) .②Contrast‐enhanced RT‐3DE provided significantly larger values of LVEDV ( P < 0 0.1) and LVESV ( P < 0 0.1) as compared with non‐enhanced RT‐3DE ,the values of LVEF were not statistically different between the two techniques ( P =0.07) .③Intra‐and inter‐observer agreement for assessment of LV volumes and systolic function improved during contrast‐enhanced RT‐3DE ,as compared with non‐enhanced RT‐3DE .Conclusions Contrast‐enhanced RT‐3DE can increase the prevalence of good‐quality echocardiograms and significantly improve the reproducibility of LV volumes and function measurements .

Objective By detecting the mutations spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH)gene in phe-nylketonuria(PKU)patients and their parents. The researchers analyzed the gene mutation features and high - frequency mutations and determined the relationship between the genotype and the phenotype,which would provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and genetic consultation of PKU children in the region. Methods In this study,13 exons and their flanking introns of the PAH gene in 32 PKU patients and their parents from Wuxi and Suqian in Jiangsu province were sequenced by using the next - generation sequencing(NGS)technology. Results Sixty - one mutant sites and 32 mutant genes were detected in 32 PKU patients,and the mutation detection rate was 95. 31%(61 / 64 cases). The variants at c. 721C ﹥ T,c. 1068C ﹥ A,c. 611A ﹥ G,c. 1197A ﹥ T,c. 728G ﹥ A,c. 331C ﹥ T and c. 442 -1G ﹥ A were common mutations in the region with mutation frequency over 5% . What's more,4 novel variants of c. 699C ﹥ G,c. 265C ﹥ T,c. 722G ﹥ A and c. 1194A ﹥ G were found. Of those,c. 699C ﹥ G was not recorded in the PAH variant database and HGMD database and. c. 265C ﹥ T,c. 722G ﹥ A,and c. 1194A ﹥ G were first reported in the Chi-nese population. Genotype - accurate biochemical phenotype correlation by using the Guldberg AV system revealed con-sistency rate of 38. 0%(8 / 21 cases),which the consistency rate between accurate biochemical phenotype and predic-tive phenotype of moderate to severe genotype was 92. 3%(12 / 13 cases),and mild genotype was 50. 0%(4 / 8 cases). Conclusions The PAH gene variants of PKU patients in Jiangsu province are distributed mainly in exons 7,of which the highest frequency gene mutation is c. 721 c ﹥ T. Moreover,one novel variant c. 699C ﹥ G was reported for the first time. The PKU children inherit the PAH mutation gene mainly from both parents. There are definite correlation between the genotypes and phenotypes.

Objective To investigate the differences of measurement of gross target volume (GTV)between endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS )-based ( GTVEUS ) and computed tomography ( CT ) -based (GTVCT) method for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods EUS was performed on 36consecutive patients with thoracic squamous cell carcinoma, and the superior and inferior boarders of the tumor defined by EUS were marked with hemoclips. The CT planning scan was then performed with the patient in supine position, and the GTVCT and GTVEUS were contoured respectively. The lengths ( LCT and LEUS) and spatial locations of longitudinal GTVCT and GTVEUS were compared. Results The mean LCT and LEUS were (7. 79 ± 3. 15 ) cm and (7. 42 ± 2. 72) cm, respectively ( t = 0. 82, P ＞ 0. 05 ), with a correlation coefficient of 0. 61 (P ＜0. 001 ). Locations of longitudinal GTVCT and GTVEUS were compared in 34cases, with 2 excluded for invisualization on CT. The mean conformal index (CI) was (0. 79 ± 0. 18 ), and spatial variations were found in 71% patients, with 8 patients at proximal end and 21 others at distal end.There was no clip placement associated complication. Conclusion Endoscopic hemoclips placement is safe and reliable. EUS can provide additional information to CT in defining longitudinal GTV in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, especially in superficial and submucosal carcinomas.

The correlation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10569304 on the second expressed region of hole gene and congenital heart disease (CHD) of human being, and the effect of hole gene on CHD were investigated. 179 patients with CHD as CHD group and 183 healthy people as control group were selected in the case-control study. DNA was abstracted from the peripheral blood by phenol-chloroform method. Primer was designed for the flanking sequence of SNP rs10569304 on the second expressed region of hole gene. The genotype was identified by PCR degenerative acrylamide electrophoresis with amplification products. Then the three amplification products received sequencing. By chi-square test, the genotype frequency and allele frequency in CHD group and control group were analyzed. There was insertion-deletion (GCC/-) of SNP rs10569304 which corresponded to alleles of A and B in Southern Chinese people. The genotype frequency and allele frequency in control group and CHD group were met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. By chi-square test, in control group and CHD group, the genotype frequency of AA (insertion homozygous), AB (insertion-deletion heterozygous) and BB (deletion homozygous) was 21.31%, 54.09%, 24.59% and 16.75%, 46.36%, 36.87%, respectively. The distributional difference of genotype frequency had statistical significance (chi (2)=6.51, P<0.05); The allele frequency of A and B was 48.36% and 51.64% in control group, 39.94% and 60.06% in CHD group, respectively. The distributional difference of allele frequency had statistical significance (chi (2)=5.20, P<0.05). Meanwhile, by contrast with the control group, the BB genotype frequency and B allele frequency in CHD group was higher, but the AA and AB frequency was lower. There was higher risk to suffer from CHD involving B allele. BB genotype had 1.907-fold increased risk of developing CHD according to AA genotype (P<0.05). It is concluded that there is insertion-deletion (GCC/-) of SNP rs10569304 in the Southern Chinese people, and the people whose hole gene involving BB genotype have higher risk to suffering from CHD.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the character of upper airway and to offer the reference for clinical treatment through observing the upper airway caliber and its corresponding pharyngeal wall of OSAHS patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHOD: The upper airway of 33 obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients diagnosed by PSG were analyzed and compared by MRI. The cross-sectional area of the upper airway and thickness of lateral parapharyngeal wall were calculated. The cross-sectional area of the upper airway and thickness of lateral and posterior pharyngeal wall were also measured in 20 nonsnoring age-matched normal subjects selected as the control group. RESULT: The cross-sectional areas of upper airway of OSAHS patients were smaller than that of the control. The Thickness of posterior pharyngeal wall and lateral pharyngeal wall of the retropalatal region, retroglossal region and epiglottal region were thicker in patients group than that of the control. The thickness and length of the palate in patients group were larger than that of the control. The cross-sectional areas of retropalatal region of OSAHS patients had negative correlation with apnea hypopnea index (AHI). There was also negative correlation between the retroglossal region cross-sectional area and the neck circumference. CONCLUSION Measurement of upper airway with MRI could observe the change of pharynx cross-sectional area and had reference value in guiding the clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Palate ; pathology ; Palate, Soft ; pathology ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Respiratory System ; pathology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; pathology

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture-drug balanced anesthesia in improving the outcomes following radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the pediatric patients.Methods:A total of 100 pediatric patients, aged 3-8 yr, weighing 9-24 kg, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective radical correction of TOF with CPB, were divided into 2 groups ( n=50 each) using a random number table method: acupuncture-drug balanced anesthesia group (group ADBA) and conventional anesthesia group (group CA). In group ADBA, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (disperse-dense wave, frequency 2/100 Hz, current intensity 6 mA, pulse width 0.2-0.6 ms) of Baihui (GV20) and bilateral acupoints of Neiguan (PC6), Hegu (LI4), and Ximen (PC4) acupoints was performed after induction of general anesthesia and maintained until the end of surgery.In group CA, the children received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia, and electrodes were only applied on the same acupoints without electrical stimulation.Venous blood samples were collected for blood routine examination and for determination of the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) at 30 min before surgery (T 1), 30 min after the start of surgery (T 2) and 1 h and 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after surgery (T 3-7). The length of hospital stay and development of postoperative major adverse events were recorded. Results:Compared with group CA, the plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α at T 2-7 and white blood cell count, neutrophil count and neutrophil percentage at T 4-7 were significantly decreased, postoperative length of hospital stay was shortened ( P<0.05), and the incidence of acute lung injury was decreased obviously in group ADBA ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture-drug balanced anesthesia can improve the outcomes following radical correction of TOF under CPB to a certain extent, and the mechanism is related to inhibiting inflammatory responses in pediatric patients.

The correlation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs 10569304 on the second ex-pressed region of hole gene and congenital heart disease (CHD) of human being, and the effect of hole gene on CHD were investigated. 179 patients with CHD as CHD group and 183 healthy people as control group were selected in the case-control study. DNA was abstracted from the peripheral blood by phenol-chloroform method. Primer was designed for the flanking sequence of SNP rs10569304 on the second expressed region of hole gene. The genotype was identified by PCR de-generative acrylamide electrophoresis with amplification products. Then the three amplification products received sequencing. By chi-square test, the genotype frequency and allele frequency in CHD group and control group were analyzed. There was insertion-deletion (GCC/-) of SNP rs10569304 which corresponded to alleles of A and B in Southern Chinese people. The genotype fre-quency and allele frequency in control group and CHD group were met the Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium. By chi-square test, in control group and CHD group, the genotype frequency of AA (insertion homozygous), AB (insertion-deletion heterozygous) and BB (deletion homozygous) was 21.31%, 54.09%, 24.59% and 16.75%, 46.36%, 36.87%, respectively. The distributional difference of geno-type frequency bad statistical significance (χ2=6.51, P<0.05);The allele frequency of A and B was 48.36% and 51.64% in control group, 39.94% and 60.06% in CHD group, respectively. The distribu-tional difference of allele frequency had statistical significance (χ2=5.20, P<0.05). Meanwhile, by contrast with the control group, the BB genotype frequency and B allele frequency in CHD group was higher, but the AA and AB frequency was lower. There was higher risk to suffer from CHD in-volving B allele. BB genotype had 1.907-fold increased risk of developing CHD according to AA genotype (P<0.05). It is concluded that there is insertion-deletion (GCC/-) of SNP rs10569304 in the Southern Chinese people, and the people whose hole gene involving BB genotype have higher risk to suffering from CHD.

Objective To investigate the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) targeting DNA binding protein A (dbpA) on the proliferation and the biological behavior of colorectal cancer cell line SW620.Methods The experiment was divided into 3 groups:KD group (siRNA-dbpA,lentivirus interference group),CON group (non-specific sequence group) and NC group (blank control group).The lentiviral vector siRNA-dbpA was constructed and verified by PCR and DNA sequencing.SW620 cells were transfected with siRNA-dbpA plasmid,nontargeting siRNA plasmid,or empty plasmid.After 48 h the transfection,the cells were examined for dbpA expression using Western blot.After 72 hrs transfection,flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes.The cell growth inhibition rate was detected by MTT (4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay,and then clone formation was detected,and the ability of SW620 cells to form tumors in vivo after dbpA was silenced was studied in nude mice.Results PCR analysis and DNA sequencing demonstrated that the RNAi sequence targeting dbpA gene was successfully inserted into the lentiviral vector.siRNA-dbpA transfection resulted in reduced expression of dbpA in SW620 cells.After transfection,the apoptosis rate of siRNA-dbpA-transfected cells increased to 26.60％ ± 0.38％,significantly higher than that in cells transfected with the nontargeting plasmid or the empty plasmid 12.54％ ± 0.25％ and 4.46％ ± 0.19％,respectively (F =28.159,P ＜0.01).The growth inhibition test indicate that the OD value of the fifth day in siRNA-dbpA group was 0.194 ±0.037,significantly lower than that in the other two groups 0.814 ±0.043 and 1.625 ±0.061,respectively(F =23.214,P ＜ 0.01).The colony formation number is 37 ± 3,64 ± 5and 175 ± 10 respectively,siRNA-dbpA is significantly higher than that in the other two groups(F =40.254,P ＜ 0.01).After the completion of nude mouse transplantation tumor model,through the detection of tumor volume,KD group (group siRNA-dbpA) tumor volume after 14 d and CON and NC group had obvious difference (F =38.256,P ＜ 0.05),and after 21d is more significant difference in tumor size (F =40.241,P ＜ 0.01),can be clearly observed after 35 d KD group (group siRNA-dbpA) growing tumors had differences with the control group (F =30.257,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Lentivirus-mediated RNAi targeting dbpA can effectively suppress the expression of dbpA in colorectal tumor in nude mice,it is proved that dbpA silencing has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of living tumor cells and decrease the proliferation of the colorectal cells.