Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on left ventricular function in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) .Methods Thirty-five ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes (30 males, 5 females) aged 53-75 yr weighing 46-100 kg undergoing CABG were enrolled in this study. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe was placed. The TEE variables including cardiac index (CI), left ventricular short axis shortening (FS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), low propagation velocity ( Vp), E wave velocity (E) , A wave velocity ( A) , systolic wave velocity ( S) , diastolic wave velocity ( D), AR wave velocity, E/A ratio and S/D ratio were recorded before inhalation of sevoflurane (T_1 ) , and 5 min (T_2) and 15 rain ( T_3) after inhalation of sevoflurane after splitting of sternum, and before inhalation of sevoflurane (T_4 ), 5 min (T_5) and 15 min (T_6) after inhalation of sevoflurane after the closure of sternum. The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane corresponded to 1 MAC. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05 nig/kg, sufentanil 0.5μg/kg and rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg and maintained with infusion of propofol at 4-6 mg·kg~(-1) ·h~(-1), remifentanil at 0.2-0.4μgkg~(-1)·h~(-1) and atracurium at 0.5 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1). The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation (V_T 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm, I:E 1:2, FiO_2 70%-80% ) .Results (1) MAP and CI were significantly decreased at 5 and 15 min after sevoflurane inhalation. LVEF and FS were also decreased. (2) There was no significant change in diastolic function indexes after sevoflurane inhalation including E and A wave velocity, systolic wave velocity, diastolic wave velocity, E/A ratio and S/D ratio. (3) Cardiac function improved after CABG. CI, LVEF and FS were significantly increased after CABG as compared with preoperative values. Conclusion In patients undergoing elective CABG, sevoflurane (the end-tidal concentration corresponding to 1 MAC) can depress left ventricular systolic function but does not affect left ventricular diastolic function.

Objective To evaluate the role of syndecan-4 (SDC-4) in inflammatory responses of rats with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).Methods Twenty-four healthy male wild type Sprague-Dawley rats and 24 male SDC-4 gene knockout Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 200-220 g,were assigned into 2 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C)and VILI group.The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and tracheostomized.The rats kept spontaneous breathing in group C.The rats were mechanically ventilated for 4 h in group VILI.Blood samples were taken from the femoral artery at the end of mechanical ventilation for detection of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2).The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling.The left lung was lavaged,and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and total protein concentrations (by BCA assay).The right lungs were removed for determination of the wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in lung tissues (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and for examination of the pathological changes (with a light microscope).The lung injury scores were recorded.Results Compared with group C of wild type rats,PaO2 was significantly decreased,W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased,the concentrations of total protein,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF were increased,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in group VILI of wild type rats (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the variables mentioned above in group C of gene knockout rats (P＞0.05).Compared with group C of gene knockout rats,PaO2 was significantly decreased,W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased,the concentrations of total protein,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF were increased,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in group VILI of gene knockout rats (P＜0.05).Compared with group VILI of wild type rats,PaO2 was significantly decreased,W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased,the concentrations of total protein,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF were increased,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in group VILI of gene knockout rats (P＜0.05).Conclusion SDC-4 can inhibit inflammatory responses of rats with VILI and is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism.

Objective To explore the relationships among mobile phone dependence and attachment,social support among adolescent students.Methods 900 students from two vocational colleges in Shandong province were recruited by stratified sampling.They were assessed with Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory (ECR) Chinese version,Social Support Rating Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Questionnaire.Results There were no significant differences of adolescent students'mobile phone dependence on gender,child status,and native place.The score of middle vocational school students'mobile phone dependence (45.84 ± 12.64)was significantly higher than that of higher vocational college students (40.68 ± 9.72),and there was significant difference between them (P ＜ 0.01).Mobile dependence was significantly positively related with attachment anxiety (r =0.469,P ＜ 0.01),and was significantly negatively related with social support (r =0.149,P ＜ 0.01).Attachment anxiety and social support were the direct predictors of mobile phone dependence,and social support played the partial mediating role between attachment anxiety and mobile phone dependence.Conclusions Mobile phone dependence is a common phenomenon among adolescent students,and the middle vocational school students' mobile phone dependence is more serious than that of the higher vocational college students.There are close relationships between mobile phone and attachment,social support.Attachment anxiety is not only directly but also indirectly associated with mobile phone dependence by social support.

Objective To investigate CT findings of atypical pheochromocytoma.Methods 18 cases of atypical pheochromocytoma were verified with operation and pathology.2 cases were extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma,3 cases were bilateral or multiple pheochromocytoma,7 cases were non-function pheochromocytoma and malignant pheochromocytoma were 6 cases.Results All atypical pheochromocytoma showed equivalent density mass with necrosis in CT scanning,calcification was rare.Most of them had strong enhancement in parenchyma.Conclusion (1)Atypical pheochromocytoma has high tendency to malignance.(2)CT has high locational and qualitative rate in diagnosing atypical pheochromocytoma but can not different malignance from benign pheochromocytoma,except the mass has metastatic signs.The diagnosis of non-function pheochromocytoma has to consider biochemical and other examination.

Objective To investigate CT features of adrenal neoplasms.Methods 9 cases of rare adrenal neoplasms were verified with operation and histology.3 cases were ganglioneuroma,2 cases were neuroblastoma and the remaining four were cyst,neurofibroma,lipoma and mesenchymoma.Results Adrenal cyst,neuroblastoma and lipoma had their obvious CT features.All adrenal ganglioneuroma,neurofibroma and mesenchymoma had low or equivalent density.Ganglioneuroma and neurofibroma had no enhancement but mesenchymoma had slight or moderate enhancement.Conclusion It is difficult or impossible to distinguish these tumors,except cyst,neuroblastoma and lipoma,from non-function adenoma or pheochromocytoma.

Objective To observe the role of short-term use of megestrol acetate in reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy in breast cancer and in improving the quality of life of patients, as well as its impact on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy effects. Methods The effection of adjuvant chemotherapy, toxicity, and the quality of life of 158 patients with breast cancer were investigated by a retrospective control study. The data were statistically analysized by X~2 test. Results There was no significant difference of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy effects between Megestrol acetate + CEF chemotherapy group and vitamin C + CEF chemotherapy group (Megestrol acetate + CEF chemotherapy group was 74. 84%, vitamin C + CEF chemotherapy group was 76.15) ; Megestrol acetate + CEF chemotherapy group had more modest bone marrow suppression and gas-trointestinal reactions and better food intake, weight, KPS score than vitamin C + CEF Chemotherapy group, all the differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Short-term use of megestrol ace-tate can reduce the adverse effects derived from chemotherapy of breast cancer and improve the quality of life of patients with breast cancer and had no effects on the efficacy of the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective To determine if the cardiac index (CI) measured by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) through the mitral valve (MV) agrees with that measured by transesophageal echocardiography through the ascending aorta (AA).Methods Sixteen ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients (NYHA Ⅱ or Ⅲ),aged 18-70 kg,weighing 46-72 kg,undergoing mitral valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB),were studied.Total intravenous anesthesia was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.After tracheal intubation,the TEE probe was placed in the esophagus.CI was measured by transesophageal echocardiography through the MV (CIMV)and AA (CIAA) at 15,30 and 60 min after termination of CPB and recorded.All the data were compared by Bland-Altman analysis.Results CIMV values were significantly lower at each time point than CIAA values (P ＜0.01).The results of Bland-Altman comparison:CIMV 1.29-5.52 L· min-1 · m-2,mean was (2.6 ± 0.9)L·min-1·m-2,and CIAA 2.7-8.8 L·min-1·m-2,mean was (4.9± 1.7) L·min-1 ·m-2,bias was-2.3 L·min-1 ·m-2,and limit of agreement was-5.62-1.03 L· min-1 · m-2 resulting in r =-0.577,P ＜ 0.01.Conclusion CI values obtained through the MV agrees well with that measured through the AA using TEE in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement,but CIAA values are significantly higher than CIMV values,there is a large difference between them for clinical use,and both methods for CI measurement cannot replace each other.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway in lung tissues in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats,aged 7-8 weeks,weighing 260-300 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group (group A,n =8) ; LPS group (group B,n =12); 3 propofol groups (groups C,D,E,n =12).ALI was induced by intravenous LPS 8 mg/kg in groups B,C,D and E.In groups C,D,E,propofol 5 mg/kg was injectedintravenously before LPS administration and at 0 and 1 h after LPS administration,respectively,followed by infusion of propofol at 10 mg· kg-1 · h-1 until 5 h after LPS administration.Group A received the equal volume of normal saline.Arterial blood samples were collected immediately before LPS administration and 1,3 and 5 h after LPS administration for determination of pH value and PaO2.Then the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were immediately removed for calculation of the wet/dry lung weight ratio and for determination of the expression of TGF-β1-mRNA and Smad2 in lung tissues.Results Compared with group A,pH value and PaO2 were significantly decreased,wet/dry lung weight ratio was increased and the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and Smad2 was up-regulated in groups B and E (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,pH value and PaO2 were significantly increased,wet/dry lung weight ratio was decreased and the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and Smad2 was down-regulated in groups Cand D,and PaO2 was significantly increased in group E (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol alleviates ALI induced by LPS is related to inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.

The technology of Tim can support multiple seperated matrix coil units while the units can be freely assorted and seamlessly joined to form the a total imaging matrix possessing huge field of view.This paper analyzes the role of Tim which can help to improve extreme flexibility of examination,to possess more signal-to-noise(SNR),to achieve superior " local" resolution,and to possess faster scan time.It is concluded that Tim technology have the strong advantages at improving and optimizing MRI workflow.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in mice with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice,weighing 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin-induced ALI group (group ALI),and dexmedetomidine group (group Dex).ALI was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally.Dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h after LPS injection in group Dex,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in C and ALI groups.At 6 h after LPS injection,blood samples were collected from the carotid artery to detect arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2).The mice were then sacrificed,and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the concentrations of total protein,interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-or (TNF-α).The lung tissues were removed for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),and expression of phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2),phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3),IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA,and for examination of the pathological changes which were scored.Results Compared with group C,the PaO2 was significantly decreased,and W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF,and expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were increased in ALI and Dex groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group ALI,the PaO2 was significantly increased,and W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF,and expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were decreased in group Dex (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates LPS-induced ALI is probably related to inhibition of activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in mice.