Objective To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress during sepsis.Methods Septic model of H9C2 cells was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).CHOP mRNA,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis were assessed by real-time PCR,flow cytometry respectively at LPS administration 24 h with or without salubrinal (inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress).Results The expression of CHOP mRNA and apoptosis were upregulated,but MMP was decreased after LPS exposure 24 h compared with control group[2.40 ±0.30 vs 1.00 ±0,(16.58 ±2.71) ％ vs (3.85 ± 1.07) ％,1.07 ± 0.33 vs 2.62 ± 0.51,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with LPS group,salburinal pretreatment decreased LPS-induced upregulation of CHOP mRNA (1.60 ± 0.23 vs 2.40 ± 0.30,P ＜ 0.05),meanwhile,salburianl alleviated MMP(1.85 ± 0.31 vs 1.07 ± 0.33,P ＜ 0.05) and LPS-induced apoptosis [(6.05 ± 1.48) ％ vs (16.58 ± 2.71) ％,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Salubrinal plays a cytoprotective role against apoptosis induced by LPS through inhibition of CHOP mRNA,which leads to mitochondrial impairment.Endoplasmic reticulum stress may induce apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in the septic model of H9C2 cardiomyocytes.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the ability of vaccine post-marketing surveillance,and clearly define the development di-rection of it in China. METHODS:Though introducing the background,strategic objective and operation objective of Global Vac-cine Safety Blueprint,the situation of vaccine post-marketing surveillance in China was analyzed. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Vaccine post-marketing surveillance have developed fast in China recent years and get generally confirmation. However,compared with the goals in the blueprint,there are some activities should be strengthened,such as active surveillance,signal analysis and da-ta standardization,etc. We should take use of the opportunity offered by WHO and other international organizations to shrink the gap between our country and the advanced countries. Drawing support from WHO and other international institutions,vaccine post-marketing surveillance can step on the new level in China.

Thyroid hormones are known to influence the activities of sympathetic nerve by modifying the P-adrenoceptor numbers in several peripheral organs. In order to find out whether similar changes exist in central nervous system ( CNS ) , the changes of ?-adrenergic re-cetors in mouse brain during experimental hyperthyroidism and the effects of some Yin Tonice( Rehmannia ) on that were investigated by method of radioligand binding. The results were as follows: 1 . The maximum Binding capacity (Bmax ) value of hyperthyroid mouse brain was 29% higher than the control's. No significant difference in KD value between the control and hyperthyroid animals was found . 2. By administration of rehmannia, the Bmax of hyperthyroid mouse was reduced to control value.

Objective To observe the variation of the blood pressure in patients with persistent vegetative state (PVS) during whirl-pool-bubble bath. Methods 5 PVS patients accepted whirlpool-bubble both therapy, 38℃for 20 minutes. Their blood pressure was recorded 0, 10 and 20 minutes after immersing for 4 weeks. Results The systolic pressure decreased 20 minutes after immersing compared with that just immersing, but all above 60 mmHg. The systolic and diastolic pressure maintained in a satisfactory range during whirlpool-bubble bath. Conclusion Hypotension has not been found in the patients with PVS during whirlpool-bubble bath.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane wash-in during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on myocardial injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients aged 50-64 yr,weighing 53-90 kg undergoing scheduled for CABG under CPB were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20): control group (group C) and sevoflurane group(group S).Anesthesia was maintained with propofol 3-5 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 and sufentanil 0.5-1.0 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 in both groups.Sevoflurane 1％-2％ was washed into extracorporeal circuit during CPB in group S.Blood samples were taken from central vein after the induction of anesthesia (T0,baseline) and at 6,12 and 24 h (T1-3) after operation for determination of plasma cardiac troponin I(cTnI) concentration and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right auricle before aortic cross-clamping and at the end of CPB for ultrastructure examination.The severity of mitochondria injury was assessment and scored (0 =normal,4 =impaired inner mitochondrial membrane integrity).Results CPB significantly increased plasma cTnI concentration at T1-3 as compared with the baseline values at T0 before CPB.Plasma cTnI concentration was significantly lower at T2 and T3 in group S than in group C.Mitochondrial injury index was significantly lower at the end of CPB in group S than in group C.There was no significant difference in plasma CK-MB activity between the 2 groups.Conclusion Wash-in of sevoflurane during CPB can attenuate myocardial injury in patients undergoing CABG.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinic symptom and the characteristics of video,tightly close,intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) of patients with central region diastematia epilepsy. Methods Retrospective analysis of 9 patients with central region diastematia epilepsy admitted from June,2007 to August,2009.The characteristics of all patients' seizure symptom and EEG manifestation were analyzed using patients' medical history,video and EEG records.ResultsPatients with central region diastematia epilepsy had relatively long sezure history.The duration of seizure was commonly short,with frequent episode and no obvious intelligence impairment.The seizure was often accompanied with the hyperkinesia in the lower limbs.Scalp EEG showed discharges with low amplitude waves in the mean line area.The superhigh amplitude and regular rhythm slow sharp wave could be found in the diastematia cortex EEG.All patients had an Engel Class Ⅰ outcome after surgery.ConclusionThe seizure symptoms are characteristic in the patients with central region diastematia epilepsy,and some special manifestations can be found in different phase,wave amplitude,rhythm,lead array.

Aim To study the function of VR1 in chronic pain, to construct VR1 siRNA expression vectors and to study their silencing effect in the DRG neurons of rats were detected.Methods The hairpin sequences of siRNAs targeting VR1 gene of rat were designed, and two pairs of oligonucleotide sequence were synthesized. The annealed oligonucleotide fragments were cloned into linearized pRNAT-U6.2/Lenti expression vector and identified by PCR and DNA sequencing.Then, they were co-transfected by lipofectamine into 293T cells.The silencing effects of the lentivector-mediated VR1 siRNAs on the expression of VR1 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR after intrathecal injection in rats.Results DNA sequencing showed that the oligonucleotide fragments were correctly cloned into linearized pRNAT-U6.2/Lenti expression vector and the expression of VR1 mRNA in L4-L6 DRG neurons was inhibited significantly by pRNAT-U6.2/Lenti-siVR1 after intrathecal injection in rats.Conclusion The lentivector-mediated siRNAs are successfully constructed and they inhibit the expression of VR1 mRNA in the DRG neurons of rats, which may provide a potential tool for the further study and treatment of chronic pain.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and ch aracteristics of combined use of 99Tcm-sulfur colloid (SC)and 9 9Tcm-diethyliminodiacetic acid (EHIDA)imaging on the diagnosis of hepat ic adenoma (HA). Methods:8 patients with HA were involved in this study.All of them were studied by nuclear medicine (NM)with dual-radiopharmaceuticals.The 99 Tcm-SC imaging was perfomed first ,then the 99Tcm-EHIDA im aging two days later,and the ratios between lesions and normal liver tissue(L/N) were calculated in terms of different counts within the same size regions of int erest (ROI) in different phases(30min,1h and 2h respectively).Some of the cases were also analysed by CT and/or MRI within one week before the operations. Results:All of the cases were submitted to surgical treatment and c onfirmed diagnosis of HA by pathology. For HA, scintigrahy presented a accuracy of 100%(8/8),which was higher than that of CT and MRI comparatively.For 99 Tcm-EHIDA imaging,there were significant differences in L/N ratios among different phases(30min,1h and 2h). Conclusion:The results show that radionuclide imaging proved to be a safe,invasive and effcetive method on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HA,especially ,when CT and/or MRI findings are not typical.

Objective:To assess the possibility of suicide in setting condition among urban and rural residents samples in northern China.Methods:By randomly sampling,1007 persons aged 18 years or older were selected from 10 urban neighborhoods in Beijing and from 10 rural village in Hebei province.The Survey Schedule of Atti-tudes in China in which 24 negative life events were listed,and the possibility of committing suicide was asked to the subjects when they encountered the supposed events.Results:The rates of thinking about committing suicide when encountered the supposed life events were 65.2% of incurable illness,62.0% of burden on other and no future hope,61.2% of drug dependence,57.3% of large debt due to gambling,54.2% of being raped, 51.6% of severe depression,50.7% of being elderly and no family to provide support.Only 14.6% of the ur-ban and rural residents would not consider suicide when encountered any type of supposed problems.Conclusion:There is higher possibility of considering suicide in urban and rural residents when encountered negative life events, so it is important to give support to the residents with one or more life events.

In order to develop potent antidiabetic agents that have inhibitory effect to a-glucosidase, twelve β-acetamido ketone derivatives such as N-{[(substituted-4-oxo-thiochroman-3-yl)phenyl]-methyl}acetamide are designed and synthesized through one-pot Dakin-West reaction. Their chemical structures are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HR-MS. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assays of compounds 4a-41 were carried out using glucose oxidase method. The result indicated that most of them possess inhibitory activity in vitro. Compound 4k showed the most potent inhibitory activity with 87.3% inhibition of α-glucosidase at the concentration of 5.39 mmol x L(-1). The structure-activity relationship of these β-acetamido ketone derivatives was discussed preliminarily. Moreover, the molecular docking method was used to study the interaction mode of compound 4k and α-glucosidase. Our results will be helpful for designing of α-glucosidase inhibitors in the future.