AIM:To observe and analyze the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) for 30 min on surface ultra-structure and mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane by atomic force microscopy (AFM).METHODS:Ten cases of elective patients in cardiac surgery were selected in the study and divided into control ( CON) group and CPB group.The central venous blood (2 mL) before surgery and 30 min after CPB was collected with heparin anticoagulation . The non-circular red blood cells were counted under a stand fluorescence microscope .AFM was used to examine the ultra-structure of the membrane surface and measure the force curve of the erythrocytes .RESULTS:The percentage of non-cir-cular red blood cells in CPB group showed no statistically significant differences as compared with CON group .AFM images showed that the significant differences of membrane surface concave and convex , evenness , particle distribution , the sur-face average roughness (Ra), the surface root mean square roughness (Rq) and cell membrane adhesion between CPB group and CON group were observed .However, the membrane deformation resilience and curve slope had no significant difference between the 2 groups.CONCLUSION:Cardiopulmonary bypass for 30 min changes the morphology and ultra-structure of the erythrocyte membrane surface , and increases the adhesion between cells .

Objective? The Chinese version of the Violence Risk Screening-10 (V-RISK-10) was tested for its reliability and validity in evaluating people with schizophrenia in community, so as to examine its predictive effect on the occurrence of aggressive behaviors. Methods? A systematic random sampling method was used to select 385 schizophrenics from 22 streets in Zhanjiang city as subjects. In June 2018, the Chinese version of V-RISK-10 questionnaire was used to predict the risk of violence, and a total of 380 cases were completed. Among them, 45 patients were retested on the Chinese version of V-RISK-10 after 2 weeks. From July to December 2018, the Ministry of Health's risk assessment method was used to track and observe the occurrence of patient attacks. There were 6 sessions of the evaluation, once a month, and 379 patient attacks were followed. Results? The Chinese version of V-RISK-10 Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.729 (P＜0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient of the total score of the retest reliability scale was 0.721 (P＜ 0.001). The Chi-square test showed that, there was a linear relationship between the Chinese version of V-RISK-10 assessment results and the actual incidence of aggressive attacks(χ2=26.743,P＜ 0.001). It was 0.267 of Kappa coefficient for consistency test, there was statistical significance(P＜ 0.001). The incidence of aggressive behavior was 15.57%. Taking the occurrence of aggressive behavior as the outcome variable, the area under the ROC curve of Chinese version of V-RISK-10 was 0.760 (95%CI: 0.694-0.825), and the sensitivity and specificity were 81.36% and 57.19%, respectively. The corresponding positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 25.95% and 92.33%, respectively. The incidence of severe aggression in patients was 2.64%. Taking the occurrence of severe aggression as the outcome variable, the area under the ROC curve of Chinese version V-RISK-10 was 0.799 (95%CI: 0.651-0.947). The sensitivity and specificity of the tool were 60.00% and 87.80%, respectively. Conclusions? The Chinese version of V-RISK-10 has good reliability and validity in evaluating patients with schizophrenia in community, and has a good prediction effect on the occurrence of aggressive behaviors. It can be used as an aggressive behavior screening tool for patients with schizophrenia, and it is suitable for the community care workers to utilize.

Objective To investigate the effect of long-term high-fat diet on cognitive function and hippocampus neurons ultrastructure in obese rats.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly assigned to a high fat diet (HFD) group and a common diet (CD) group.Meanwhile,HFD-induced obese rat model were established.The spatial learning and memory were measured by the Morris water maze,and the neurons ultrastructural changes in rat hippocampus CA1 region at the corresponding period were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The average weight of rats was 25％,28％,and 22％ higher in the HFD group than in the CD group at the 12,16,and 20 weeks,respectively;the Lee's indexes were 6％,4％,and 8％ higher;the average swimming latency were 52％,44％,and 40％ longer;the average swimming distance were 85％,45％,and 51％ longer;the average swimming speed were 57％,34％,and 18％ higher;the duration of staying in the target quadrant were 32％,54％,and 63％ shorter;and the average times of crossing the plate form were 30％,34％,and 34％ shorter,respectively (all P ＜0.001).In comparison of ultrastructure in hippocampus CA1 region of rats at corresponding time points,the amounts of degenerated and necrosis neurons,of the deformed and vacuolar mitochondria,and of the less rough endoplasmic reticulum were significantly more at 12,16,and 20 weeks in the HFD group than in the CD group.Conclusions Long-term HFD-induced obesity damages the structure of neurons in the hippocampus,impairs spatial learning and memory function,and accelerates cognitive aging in rats.

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathogenetic mechanism of a family affected with Waardenburg syndrome.

METHODSClinical data of the family was collected. Potential mutation of the MITF, SOX10 and SNAI2 genes were screened. Plasmids for wild type (WT) and mutant MITF proteins were constructed to determine their exogenous expression and subcellular distribution by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay, respectively.

RESULTSA heterozygous c.763C>T (p.R255X) mutation was detected in exon 8 of the MITF gene in the proband and all other patients from the family. No pathological mutation of the SOX10 and SNAI2 genes was detected. The DNA sequences of plasmids of MITFand mutant MITFwere confirmed. Both proteins were detected with the expected size. WT MITF protein only localized in the nucleus, whereas R255X protein showed aberrant localization in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm.

CONCLUSIONThe c.763C>T mutation of the MITF gene probably underlies the disease in this family. The mutation can affect the subcellular distribution of MITF proteins in vitro, which may shed light on the molecular mechanism of Waardenburg syndrome caused by mutations of the MITF gene.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Waardenburg Syndrome ; genetics ; Young Adult