Objective To investigate the effects of crude Fomes officinalis polysaccharide ( FOPS ) and its purified constituent ( FOPS-a) on mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAPK) signaling pathway and se-cretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW264. 7 macrophages. Methods RAW264. 7 macrophages were treated with FOPS and FOPS-a respectively at different concentrations (50, 100, 200 μg/ml) for 24 h. RT-qPCR and Western blot methods were respectively used to detect the expression at mRNA level and the phos-phorylated proteins of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase ( JNK ) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK) . Changes in the phosphorylation of these proteins and TNF-α secretion were respectively detected by Western blot and ELISA after treating the macrophages with MAPK-specific inhibitors ( PD98059, SP600125, SB203580). Results Compared with the blank control group, different concentrations of FOPS and FOPS-a could significantly increase the expression at mRNA level and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK (P<0. 05). Three inhibitors of MAPK could markedly decrease the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 and TNF-αsecretion that were induced by FOPS and FOPS-a (P<0. 05). Conclusions FOPS and FOPS-a might have immunomodu-latory effects on RAW264. 7 macrophages through activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signal transduction pathways.

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of phenolic acid components from Salvia deserta Schang on the oxidative stress injury of human renal tubular epithelial cells HK -2 induced by high glucose and high fat . METHODS HK-2 cells were divided into control group ，model group ，canagliflozin group （positive control group ，15 μmol/L），purified product of phenolic acids from S. deserta Schang group （10.8 μg/mL），4 monomers group （salvianic acid ，protocatechuic aldehyde ，caffeic acid，rosmarinic acid ，50 μmol/L）. In addition to the control group ，cell injury model of high glucose and high fat was established in other groups （500 μmol/L palmitic acid+ 30 mmol/L glucose for 48 h）and cultured for 48 h. The cell apoptotic rate ，the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）and glutathione （GSH），and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）were detected in each group ； the expression levels of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2），Kelch-like ECH -associated protein 1（Keap1）protein，heme oxygenase-1（HO-1）and NADH ：quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1（NQO1）were determined in above 5 groups（except for salvianic acid ，protocatechuic aldehyde ，caffeic acid ）. RESULTS Compared with control group ，the apoptotic rate of HK -2 cells in model group was increased significantly （P＜0.01）；the content of MDA was increased significantly （P＜0.01），while the content of GSH and the activity of SOD were decreased significantly ；protein expressions of Nrf 2，NQO1 and HO -1 2018D01C169） were significantly down -regulated（P＜0.01），while the protein expression of Keap 1 was up -regulated significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ， the apoptotic rate and the content of MDA were decreased significantly in administration groups（P＜0.01）；the content of GSH in administration groups and the activity of SOD in purified product of phenolic acids group，protocatechuic aldehyde group and rosmarinic acid group were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. The protein expressions of Nrf2，HO-1 and NQO 1 in purified product of phenolic acids group as well as the protein expression of Nrf 2 in rosmarinic acid group were up -regulated significantly （P＜0.01），while the protein expression of Keap 1 was down -regulated significantly in purified product of phenolic acids group and rosmarinic acid group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The phenolic acids components from S. deserta Schang can relieve oxidative stress injury of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose and high fat ，the mechanism of which may be associated with activating Keap 1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress response .